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WorksheetsAUBF PRELIM
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
Which statement regarding renal function is true?
Glomeruli are far more permeable to H2O and salt than other capillaries
The collecting tubule reabsorbs sodium and secretes potassium in response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH
The collecting tubule is permeable to H2O only in the presence of aldosterone
The thick ascending limb is highly permeable to H2O and urea
Which statement regarding normal salt and H2O handling by the nephron is correct?
The ascending limb of the tubule is highly permeable to salt but not H2O
The stimulus for ADH release is low arterial pressure in the afferent arteriole
The descending limb of the tubule is impermeable to urea but highly permeable to salt
Renin is released in response to high plasma osmolality
Which statement concerning renal tubular function is true?
In salt deprivation, the kidneys will conserve sodium at the expense of potassium
Potassium is not excreted when serum concentration is below 3.5 mmol/L
No substance can be excreted into urine at a rate that exceeds the glomerular filtration rate
When tubular function is lost, the specific gravity of urine will be below 1.005
Which of the following is inappropriate when collecting urine for routine bacteriologic culture?
The container must be sterile
The midstream void technique must be used
The collected sample must be plated within 2 hours unless refrigerated
The sample may be held at 2°C–8°C for up to 48 hours prior to plating
Which statement about sample collection for routine urinalysis is true?
Preservative tablets should be used for collecting random urine specimens
Containers may be washed and reused if rinsed in deionized H2O
Samples may be stored at room temperature for up to 2 hours
First morning voided samples are not acceptable when renal disease is suspected
Which urine color is correlated correctly with the pigment-producing substance?
Smoky red urine with homogentisic acid
Dark amber urine with myoglobin
Deep yellow urine and yellow foam with bilirubin
Red-brown urine with biliverdin
Which of the following substances will cause urine
to produce red fluorescence when examined with
an ultraviolet lamp (360 nm)?
Myoglobin
Porphobilinogen (PBG)
Urobilin
Coproporphyrin
Which of the following conditions is associated with normal urine color but produces red fluorescence when urine is examined with an ultraviolet (Wood's) lamp?
Acute intermittent porphyria
Lead poisoning
Erythropoietic porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Which statement regarding porphyria is accurate?
Porphyria is exclusively inherited
All types cause an increase in urinary porphyrins
All types are associated with anemia
Serum, urine, and fecal tests may be needed for diagnosis
A brown or black pigment in urine can be caused by:
Gantrisin (Pyridium)
Phenolsulfonphthalein
Rifampin
Melanin
Urine that is dark red or port wine in color may be
caused by:
Lead poisoning
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Alkaptonuria
Hemolytic anemia
Urine production of less than 400 mL/day is:
Consistent with normal renal function and H2O balance
Termed isosthenuria
Defined as oliguria
Associated with diabetes mellitus
Which of the following contributes to SG, but not to osmolality?
Protein
Salt
Urea
Glucose
Urine with an SG consistently between 1.002
and 1.003 indicates:
Acute glomerulonephritis
Renal tubular failure
Diabetes insipidus
Addison’s disease
Which statement regarding methods for measuring SG is true?
To correct a urinometer, subtract 0.001 per each 3°C below 15.5°C
Colorimetric SG tests are falsely elevated when a large quantity of glucose is present
Colorimetric SG readings are falsely elevated when pH is alkaline
Refractometry should be performed before the urine is centrifuged
What is the principle of the colorimetric reagent strip determination of SG in urine?
Ionic strength alters the pKa of a polyelectrolyte
Sodium and other cations are chelated by a ligand that changes color
Anions displace a pH indicator from a mordant, making it water soluble
Ionized solutes catalyze oxidation of an azo dye
In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is:
Consistently acid
Consistently alkaline
Neutral
Variable, depending upon diet
The normal daily urine output for an adult is
approximately:
0.2–0.5 L
0.6–1.6 L
2.7–3.0 L
3.2–3.5 L
The SG of the filtrate in Bowman’s space is
approximately:
1.000–1.002
1.004–1.006
1.008–1.010
1.012–1.014
The normal renal threshold for glucose is:
70–85 mg/dL
100–115 mg/dL
130–145 mg/dL
165–180 mg/dL
Water should always be added to acid to avoid the possibility of sudden splashing.
TRUE
FALSE
Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard, such as poisonous, corrosive, flammable, explosive, teratogenic, or carcinogenic.
TRUE
FALSE
No. 4 on health hazard means:
Can cause serious or permanent injury
can be lethal
No hazard
Can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury
Can cause significant irritation
0 in Fire hazard means:
No hazard
Stable
Will not burn
Does not oxidize
All electrical equipment must be grounded with two-pronged plugs
TRUE
FALSE
This acronym is followed when a fire broke that requires the use of fire extinguisher.
RACE
PASS
CARE
PAUSE
This acronym is followed when a fire broke in a building.
RACE
PASS
CARE
PAUSE
Class C fires are usually caused by
Wood, paper, clothing
Chemicals
Metals
Electrical
Grease, oils and fats
Combustible metals should be extinguished by:
Water
Halons
Sand
Liquid designed to prevent splashing
Standard precaution includes all of the following except?
Hand Hygiene
Patient Care equipment
Use of Gloves
Occupational health and blood-borne pathogens
Patient Management
A major disadvantage of BSI guidelines is that they do not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamination is present.
TRUE
FLASE
This type of QC can be internal or an external component inserted into a point of care (POC) instrument.
Electronic Controls
Internal Quality Control
External Quality Control
All of the above
This type of control monitors the sufficient addition of a patient specimen or reagent, the instruments/reagents interaction, and lateral flow test methods.
Electronic Controls
Internal Quality Control
External Quality Control
All of the above
Proficiency testing is an example of
Electronic Controls
Internal Quality Control
External Quality Control
All of the above
It is a gradual change in the mean in one direction.
Trend
Shift
Termed as abrupt change in the mean.
Trend
Shift
This is used to monitor the accuracy, precision, and reliability of a laboratory test in a microscopy section of the laboratory.
Quality Control
Internal Audit
Accreditation
Licensing
All of the following are criteria for urine specimen rejection except?
Quantity not sufficient
Nonmatching labels and request forms
Improperly preserved urine specimen
Contaminated specimens with feces or toilet papers
Label is at the body of the specimen container instead of writing on to the top
He wrote the book uroscopy.
Charlatans
James Wright
Hippocrates
Frederik Dekkers
The primary chemical constituents of normal
urine are:
Protein, sodium, and water
Urea, water, and protein
Urea, chloride, and water
Urea, bilirubin, and glucose
A patient presenting with polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia,
and a high urine specific gravity is exhibiting
symptoms of what disorder?
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Urinary tract infection
Uremia
A negative urine pregnancy test performed on a random
specimen may need to be repeated using a:
Clean-catch specimen
Fasting specimen
First morning specimen
24-Hour specimen
Three types of urine specimens that would be acceptable
for culture to diagnose a bladder infection
include all of the following except:
Catheterized
Midstream clean-catch
Random
Suprapubic aspiration
A urine that turns black after standing may contain:
Homogentisic acid
Melanin
Methemoglobin
All of the above
Specimens that contain intact RBCs can be visually
distinguished from those that contain hemoglobin
because:
Hemoglobin produces a much brighter red color
Hemoglobin produces a cloudy, pink specimen
RBCs produce a cloudy specimen
RBCs are quickly converted to hemoglobin
The method for determining a urine specific gravity
that is based on the principle that the frequency of a
sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion
to the density of the solution is:
Colorimetric
Harmonic oscillation densitometry
Refractometry
Urinometry
A strong odor of ammonia in a urine specimen could
indicate:
Ketones
Normal
Phenylketonuria
Urinary tract infection
Where filtration occurs and urine is formed
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Urethra
Bowman's capsule
The far right image is the
loop of henle
the nephron
the glomerulus
the kidney
RAAS system regulates
blood pressure
kidney filtration
osmoregulation
electrolyte balance
ADH (antidiuretic) hormone regulates
kidney filtration
urine concentration
electrolyte balance
acid base balance
Pituitary malfunction of ADH regulation causing dysfunction of water reabsorption is known as
diabetes mellitus
diabetes insipidus
type 2 diabetes
type 1 diabetes
Under normal conditions the kidney reabsorbs
99% water
1% water
90% water
10%water
Glycosuria is
protein in the urine
glucose in the urine
blood in the urine
ketones in the urine
Hematuria means
blood in the urine
ketones in the urine
glucose in the urine
protein in the urine
A urine sample that has high concentration due to dehydration would have
high specific gravity
low specific gravity
high pH
low pH
Why aren't RBC's forced into the glomerulus with the rest of the filtrate?
They are too large to pass through pores of capillary membrane
They are too large to pass through pores of capillary membrane
They are forced into the glomerulus with the rest of the filtrate.
None of the above
Diabetes insipidus cause
Body cannot concentrate urine
Genetic or autoimmune
causes dehydration
causes electrolyte loss
all of the above
Cortex is the innermost section of the kidneys
true
false
Glucose in the urine is an indicator of
lack of carbohydrate consumption
a dysfunction of osmoregulation
diabetes insipidus
diabetes mellitus
Which of the following best describes reabsorption in the nephron?
Substances in the blood enter the tubules
Substances in the tubules are sent back to the blood
Substances in the tubules remain in the tubules.
The inner most portion of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureters is the
cortex
medulla
pelvis
The medulla of the kidney contains which portion of the microscopic nephrons?
Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Anti-diuretic hormone is created by the _________ and released by the ____________
hypothalmus; pituitary gland
adrenal gland; kidney
pituitary gland; adrenal gland
Another name for ADH is
vasopressin
aldosterone
oxytocin
In the kidneys ADH works on cells of which nephron structure?
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct
The removal of urine through the collecting ducts and into the calyces is
filration
secretion
excretion
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
Removal of nitrogen wastes
Regulate water concentration in the blood
Regulate ADH levels in the blood
Regulate pH
Which of the following may indicate dehydration?
very dilute pale colored urine
very dark yellow urine
Red/pink urine
Major inorganic component of urine.
Sodium
Chloride
Urea
Creatinine
Major organic component of urine and is produced from the breakdown of protein and amino acids
Sodium
Chloride
Urea
Creatinine
To obtain an accurate 24 hour timed specimen, the patient must begin and end the collection period with an empty bladder.
TRUE
FALSE
Why is the first-voided morning urine specimen the most desirable specimen for routine urinalysis?
Most dilute specimen of the day and therefore any chemical compounds present will not exceed the detectability limits of the reagent strips
Least likely to be contaminated with microorganisms because the bladder is a sterile environment
Most likely to contain protein because the patient has been in the orthostatic position during the night
Most concentrated specimen of the day and therefore it is more likely that abnormalities will be detected
The physical characteristic of color is assessed when a routine urinalysis is performed. What substance is
normally found in urine that is principally responsible for its yellow coloration?
Bilirubin
Melanin
Carotene
Urochrome
In certain malignant disorders, what substance is found in the urine that turns the urine dark brown or black on exposure of the urine to air?
Urobilinogen
Indican
Melanin
Porphyrin
What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?
Which term is defined as a urine volume in excess of 2000 mL excreted over a 24-hour period?
Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria
How should controls be run to ensure the precision and accuracy of the reagent test strips used for the chemical analysis of urine?
Positive controls should be run on a daily basis and negative controls when opening a new bottle of test strips
Positive and negative controls should be run when the test strips' expiration date is passed.
Positive and negative controls should be run on a daily basis
Positive controls should be run on a daily basis and negative controls on a weekly basis
"Isosthenuria" is a term applied to a series of urine specimens from the same patient that exhibit a
Specific gravity of exactly 1.000
Specific gravity less than 1.007
Specific gravity greater than 1.020
Fixed specific gravity of approximately 1.010
Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of
Alkaptone
Phenylalanine
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid
Homogentisic acid
Which of the following is true about the final concentrating of urine in the kidney?
The distal convoluted tubule, through active transport, reabsorbs water
Water is reabsorbed under the direct influence of angiotensin II
Vasopressin controls the collecting duct reabsorption of water
Water reabsorption is influenced by urine filtrate levels of potassium.
Patients with diabetes insipidus tend to
produce urine _____________________ in volume with
_______________specific gravity.
Increased; decreased
Increased; increased
Decreased; decreased
Decreased; increased
Nitrofurantoin causes ___________ color to the urine.
Brown
Blue-Green
Dark Yellow
Orange yellow
Red
Clorets gives ______ color in the urine.
Brown
Blue-Green
Yellow
Orange yellow
Red
Every minute approximately two to three million glomeruli filter approximately ______of water-containing low-molecular-weight substances
20 mL/min
100 ml/min
120ml/min
1200 ml/min
Chloride is reabsorbed at the _____ during active transport
PCT
ALH
DLH
DCT
CD
During passive transport, sodium is reabsorbed at?
PCT
DCT
DLH
ALH
CD
During active transport, sodium is reabsorbed at?
PCT
DCT
DLH
ALH
CD
During passive transport, water is reabsorbed on all parts of nephron except in?
PCT
DCT
DLH
ALH
CD
It is considered the gold standard method for assessment of GFR.
Creatinine
Inulin
Urea
Beta2-Microglobulin
Variables included in the Cockgroft and Gault formula are following except?
Age
Sex
Body Weight
Ethnicity
It measures only the number of particles in a solution.
Specific Gravity
Osmolality
PH
Osmometry
All of the following are true of the colligative property of a substance except?
Increases Boiling point
Increase osmotic pressure
Decreases Freezing point
Decrease Vapor pressure
Increase Temperature
This colligative property was the first principle incorporated into clinical osmometers.
Freezing point
Boiling point
Vapor Pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Flagyl when ingested gives ______ color in the urine.
Brown
Blue-Green
Black
Orange yellow
Red
