Classification of sugars such as ribose and deoxyribose

Glucose, fructose, and lactose are classified as _______ based on the number of carbon chains.

On what number of Carbon is the hydroxyl group located according to the stereochemistry of carbohydrates?

It is formed by the interaction of two monosaccharides plus water.

Storage form of carbohydrates in plants that can be digested by man

True or False. Glucose is the principal sugar circulating in the bloodstream.

Considered as the most important glucose consumer

Which of the following is synonymous with ptyalin?

Glucose is absorbed via Passive Transport.

In the large intestine, pancreatic amylase and other enzymes convert the food into simple sugars.

Glucose should be phosphorylated to be able to enter the cell.

Pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule and is an intermediate product of glycolysis.

65% of glycogen is stored in the liver.

Glycogenesis is the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage.

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex to stimulate gluconeogenesis and is considered as a hypoglycemic agent.

Glucagon is secreted by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas to increase the glucose concentration.

It increases the cell uptake of glucose.

Growth hormone is also known as somatostatin.

Type 1 DM

Type 1 DM

Type 2 DM

Type 2 DM

Type 1 DM

Renal threshold of glucose

Site of glucose reabsorption

Arises when the extra-metabolic demands of the fetus put stress on the ability of the mother to produce adequate amounts of insulin for glucose utilization

Enzyme added to the reaction to convert alpha D-glucose to beta D-glucose in glucose oxidase method

Gold standard or reference method for glucose measurement

Glucose + fructose

Converts a disaccharide to glucose and galactose

With normal renal function, glucosuria occurs when the plasma glucose level exceeds ___ mg/dL.

2 units of glucose form what sugar?

On what type of diabetes mellitus is insulinopenia or absolute insulin deficiency present?

The most common congenital form of glycogen storage disease

Enzyme deficient in individuals with Von Gierke's Disease

GSD with absence of branching enzyme

GSD with absence of debranching enzyme

Absence of alpha-1-4 glucosidase can lead to cardiorespiratory failure as it affects all organs. This is a characteristic of what GSD?

Occurs due to elevated insulin levels or impaired glucose production and absorption

Glucagon and other hyperglycemic factors are stimulated when the plasma glucose level falls at around __ to __ mg/dL.

Hypoglycemic symptoms are related to the central nervous system and appear when the plasma glucose level falls at around __ to __ mg/dL.

Substance released by the islet cells of Langerhans, together with insulin; can serve as a marker of Type 1 and Type 2 DM

Screening test for serum glucose to diagnose DM

Monitoring test for blood glucose levels; indicated in cases of insulin shock, ketonic comatose, and emergency cases

In normal individuals, glucose concentration goes back to normal _ hours after a meal.

Confirmatory test for serum glucose levels

Glucose load given in pregnant women for GTT (in grams)

Glucose load given in adults for GTT (in grams)

Glucose load given in children for GTT (in grams/kg body weight)

Estimate of blood glucose for the past 2-3 months

Estimate of blood glucose for the past 2-3 weeks

True or False. RBG is a more reliable monitoring test than HbA1c.

True or False. Column chromatography is the more preferred method for HbA1c determination.

Estimate plasma glucose of individual with 6% of HbA1c (in mg/dL)

Positive result indicates early indication of nephropathy or renal disease

Anticoagulant which can be used in glucose testing if analysis is to be delayed

Rate of glucose metabolism at room temperature (in mg/dL/hr)

Rate of glucose metabolism at 4 degrees Celsius (in mg/dL/hr)

Represents the carbohydrates in the cyclic form; more representative of the actual structure