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Early Earth, Darwin and endosymbiosis, cladograms/phylogeny

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

a)

fossil

b)

fitness

c)

inherited trait

2.

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

a)

fitness

b)

natural selection

c)

evolution

3.

a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

a)

population

b)

crowd

c)

species

4.

body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

a)

analogous structure

b)

homologous structure

c)

vestigial structure

5.

study of the distribution of organisms around the world

a)

herpetology

b)

biogeography

c)

evolution

6.

the gradual change in a species over time

a)

natural selection

b)

evolution

c)

adaptation

7.

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

a)

adaptation

b)

evolution

c)

fitness

8.

difference, variety; a condition of having many different types or forms

a)

homologous

b)

vestigial

c)

diversity

9.

structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

a)

vestigial structure

b)

analogous structure

c)

homologous structure

10.

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

a)

speciation

b)

special

c)

adaptation

11.

differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

a)

adaptation

b)

variation

c)

homologous structure

12.

remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.

a)

homologous structure

b)

analogous structure

c)

vestigial structure

13.
Where did Charles Darwin travel to?
a)
Australia
b)
Barbados
c)
Galapagos 
d)
Trinidad
14.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
15.
Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of
a)
continual increases in population size.
b)
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c)
an unchanging local environment.
d)
the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
16.
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the 
a)
possession of adaptations developed through use.
b)
 possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
c)
lack of competition within the species.
d)
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
17.
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT 
a)
more offspring are born than can survive.
b)
 population size is very large. 
c)
fitness varies among individuals.
d)
there is heritable variation among members of the population.
18.
Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? 
a)
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
b)
The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest. 
c)
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
d)
Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
19.
Which of the following is a fossil?
a)
a plant that has recently died
b)
a group of organisms that can reproduce
c)
a structure or organ that no longer functions
d)
a trace of an organisms that existed in the past
20.
The disappearance of a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Extinction
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
21.
The variety of living things on Earth is called:
a)
Life
b)
Biodiversity
c)
Similarity
d)
Genetics
22.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
23.
Over time, adaptions can lead populations to experience 
a)
environmental changes
b)
genetic changes
c)
geological changes
d)
extinction
24.
Darwin theorized that individuals having an advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce.  This theory is known as
a)
evolution
b)
speciation
c)
adaptation
d)
natural selection
25.
There are three species of birds on an island.  Bird A has a heavy bill for eating seeds.  Bird B has a pointed bill for eating insects.  Bird C has a sharp bill for eating both insects and seeds.  If all insects on the island suddenly disappeared, which bird or birds would be the LEAST affected? 
a)
Bird A
b)
Bird B
c)
Bird C
d)
Bird A and Bird B
26.

Endosymbiotic Theory is the idea that ______ cells could have evolved from_____cells

a)

prokaryotic, eukaryotic

b)

eukaryotic, animal

c)

prokaryotic, plant

d)

eukaryotic, prokaryotic

27.

How did one type of prokaryote get inside of another type of prokaryote

a)

Acts as a ligand

b)

One engulfed the other

c)

Fused in as a vesicle

d)

snuck in as a retrovirus

28.

Early bacteria that could make its own energy evolved into

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

29.

Early bacteria that could perform photosynthesis evolved into

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

30.

Eukaryotic cells can have

a)

Only chloroplast

b)

Only mitochondria

c)

both mitochondria and chloroplast

d)

neither chloroplast nor mitochondria

31.

Evidence for endosymbiosis includes

a)

Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same color

b)

Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same size

c)

Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same structure

d)

Mitochondria and Chloroplast have the same pH

32.

Evidence for endosymbiosis includes

a)

Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own Lysosomes

b)

Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own vesicles

c)

Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own RNA

d)

Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA

33.

Mitochondria and Chloroplast are similar to prokaryotic cells like bacteria in what way?

a)

They have the same lifespan

b)

They divide the same way

c)

They are the same color

d)

They have the same shape

34.

Mitochondria and Chloroplast are similar to prokaryotic cells like bacteria in what way?

a)

Their DNAs are copies of each other

b)

Their DNAs both have uracil

c)

Their DNAs are circular

d)

Their DNAs both have short lifespans

35.

What is an endosymbiont?

a)

The process of creating energy inside of a cell

b)

An organism that lives inside another organism

c)

An ancient water bacteria that killed a strain of Irish potatoes

d)

The event in which nutrients are oxidized and turned into CO2

36.

Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA in them?

a)

They were once prokaryotic cells.

b)

They produce their own DNA through photosynthesis.

c)

They receive the DNA from the nucleus.

d)

They process the DNA of the cell.

37.

What did the host cell receive from its endosymbiont (cell living inside of it)?

a)

Shelter

b)

Energy

c)

Motility/movement

d)

Reproduction

38.

What did the endosymbiont (cell living inside another) receive from its host cell?

a)

Shelter

b)

Motility

c)

Energy

d)

Reproduction

39.
According to scientists, both Earth and moon are...
a)
About 1.6 Billion Years Old
b)
About 4.6 Billion Years Old
c)
About 9.6 Billion Years Old
d)
About 14 Billion Years Old
40.
The earliest form of life known on Earth was...
a)
Leafy Plants
b)
Bacteria
c)
Fossils
d)
Single-Celled Organisms
41.
The first eukaryotic cells are more likely to have evolved from ______________ than eubactria (true bacteria).
a)
exocytosis
b)
endosymbiosis
c)
organelles
d)
Archaebacteria
42.
What are stromatolites made of?
a)
fossils
b)
rock
c)
cyanobacteria
d)
mud
43.
Which of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth? 
a)
Methane
b)
Oxygen
c)
Water
d)
Carbon dioxide
44.

Put these events in time order:


Event A: colonization of land

Event B: multicellular eukaryotes

Event C: single-celled eukaryotes

Event D: prokaryotes

a)

A, B, C, D

b)

B, C, D, A

c)

D, C, B, A

d)

D, C, A, B

45.

Geological changes on Earth MOST impacts

a)

the creation and destruction of habitats for living things

b)

the carbon cycle

c)

how rock breaks down

d)

the process of photosynthesis

46.
Which principle of natural selection is stated incorrectly?
a)
Individuals in a population show variations.
b)
Variations are not inherited from parents.
c)
Organisms have more offspring than can survive on available resources
d)
Variations that increase reproductive success will be more common in the next generation.
47.

How can volcanoes change Earth's surface?

a)

They can cause continents to break apart

b)

They can add new crust to the ocean floor

c)

They can cause warm shallow seas to form

48.

When most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record.

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

The Great Dying

c)

Great Cambrian Explosion

d)

Era

49.

Events in Earth's crust that were the result of violent or sudden changes.

a)

Uniformitarianism

b)

Law of Superposition

c)

Catastrophism

d)

The Great Dying

50.
During Precambrian Time, simple life forms existed in the oceans of Earth. This was followed, during the Paleozoic Era, by the "great ___________ explosion" when many new life forms appeared on Earth in a very short period of time.
a)
Burgess
b)
Cambrian
c)
Geologic
d)
Jurassic
51.

Early Autotrophs were most likely?

a)

chemosynthetic

b)

photosynthetic

c)

abiotic

d)

Multicellular

52.

What is the significance of the Ediacaran organisms?

a)

They are absolutely without a doubt the ancestors to modern animals.

b)

They are the first multi-cellular organisms that ever lived on Earth.

c)

They evolved the predator-prey ecological relationship.

53.

What group of organisms replaced dinosaurs after their extinction?

a)

Insects

b)

Mammals

c)

Amphibians

d)

Squids

54.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

55.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

56.

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

a)

crayfish

b)

grasshopper

c)

perch

d)

frog

57.

The lizard has all these derived characteristics EXCEPT

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Bipedal

58.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

59.

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

a)

To map the ancestral relationships and shared traits of different organisms.

b)

To trace the inherited traits of a single species over time.

c)

To check the likelihood of an offspring having a particular trait.

d)

To monitor mutations that arise among different populations.

60.

What do both the squirrel and lion have in common that the other animals do not?

a)

They are both vertebrates

b)

They both have lungs

c)

They are both mammals

d)

They both lose their canine teeth.

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