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Replication, Transcription, & Translation

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.
a)
covalent
b)
hydrogen
c)
ionic
d)
peptide
2.
Which of the following is not a base found in DNA?
a)
adenine
b)
thymine
c)
cytosine
d)
uracil
3.
What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?
a)
phosphate
b)
nitrogenous base
c)
deoxyribose
d)
sugar
4.
If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 40 percent A, how much of it is C?
a)
40
b)
10
c)
15
d)
20
5.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TTACCG, the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule will be
a)
AATGGC
b)
TTACCG
c)
AACGGC
d)
AATGGG
6.
Once replication in a DNA molecule is complete, each new DNA molecule contains 
a)
two new strands.
b)
3 exact copies of strands.
c)
one new strand and one old.
d)
two old strands.
7.
Which of the following will NOT generally cause mutations?
a)
radiation
b)
DNA replication
c)
chemicals
d)
viruses
8.
Which enzyme copies DNA?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA helicase
c)
RNA polymerase
d)
RNA helicase
9.
What are the functions of genes?
a)
instructions for producing proteins
b)
instructions for producing DNA
c)
instructions for producing lipids
d)
they have no function
10.
What does mRNA do?
a)
provides information from DNA to ribosomes
b)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
c)
makes up ribosomes
d)
builds proteins
11.
What does rRNA do?
a)
provides information from DNA to ribosomes
b)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
c)
makes up ribosomes
d)
builds proteins
12.
What does tRNA do?
a)
provides information from DNA to ribosomes
b)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
c)
makes up ribosomes
d)
builds proteins
13.
What is the process that copies information from DNA into RNA?
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
translation
d)
DNA Polymerase
14.
What is the process that copies information from DNA into RNA?
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
translation
d)
DNA Polymerase
15.
Which isn't true of DNA
a)
The sugar is deoxyribose
b)
It is single stranded
c)
It has the base thymine
d)
It is held in the nucleus
16.
RNA can be found in the ___
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
17.
What separates the DNA strands in transcription?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
RNA polymerase
c)
microteeth
d)
a zipper
18.
Sets of nucleotides that do not code for amino acids
a)
introns
b)
exons
c)
exron
d)
deletions
19.
A group of 3 mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a __
a)
anticodon
b)
triad
c)
triplet
d)
codon
20.
How many possible codons are there?
a)
36
b)
24
c)
48
d)
64
21.
How many amino acids are there?
a)
10
b)
20
c)
36
d)
48
22.
What do amino acids form?
a)
RNA
b)
DNA
c)
Proteins
23.

Which of the following is a pyrimidine?

a)

adenine

b)

thymine

c)

guanine and thymine

d)

cytosine and thymine

24.

Which of the following is the correct order?

a)

RNA -> DNA-> protein

b)

protein -> DNA -> RNA

c)

DNA -> protein -> RNA

d)

DNA->RNA-> Protein

25.

Which of the following is the correct order?

a)

RNA -> DNA-> protein

b)

protein -> DNA -> RNA

c)

DNA -> protein -> RNA

d)

DNA->RNA-> Protein

26.

T/F The genetic code is different in nearly all organisms.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

T/F Cells regulate gene expression so that each gene will be transcribed only when it is needed.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

T/F Gene expression is prevented when a repressor binds to the group of genes involved in the same function.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

In bacteria, a group of genes that code for functionally related enzymes, their promoter site, and the operator that controls them all function together as a(n)

a)

exon

b)

intron

c)

operon

d)

ribosome

30.

The function of the operator is to

a)

regulate access of RNA polymerase to specific genes

b)

turn on and off the molecules of tRNA

c)

control the process of transcription within the nucleus

d)

generate amino acids for protein synthesis

31.

A repressor protein

a)

prevents DNA synthesis

b)

attaches to ribosomes during translation

c)

destroys amino acids before protein synthesis occurs

d)

blocks movement of RNA polymerase

32.

The presence of a repressor protein prevents the action of what enzyme?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

lactase

d)

permease

33.

A promoter is a

a)

binding site for DNA polymerase

b)

binding site for RNA polymerase

c)

start signal for transcription

d)

stop signal for transcription

34.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
35.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
36.
The lac operon genes only become expressed if:
a)
lactose binds to the repressor
b)
glucose binds to the repressor
c)
lactose binds to the operator
d)
the repressor binds to the operator
37.
If an mRNA molecule has introns and exons in it, where is it?
a)
At a ribosome
b)
In the nucleus
c)
In a prokaryotic cell
d)
could be in the nucleus or the ribosome
38.
What structure of this molecule binds with the mRNA molecule?
a)
Amino Acid
b)
tRNA
c)
Anticodon
d)
Codon
39.
Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
signal transduction
d)
DNA replication
40.
What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
41.
Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?
a)
prokaryotes (bacteria)
b)
eukaryotes (plant and animals)
c)
animals only
d)
viruses
42.
The production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involves
a)
cutting introns out and spicing exons together
b)
adding the 5' cap
c)
adding the 3' poly A tail
d)
all of these are correct
43.
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
a)
Histones
b)
Whey
c)
Casein
d)
Hemoglobin
44.

Segment of mRNA containing the protein coding portion of the gene that remains within the mRNA after splicing has occurred.

a)

codons

b)

operons

c)

introns

d)

exons

45.

Highly compacted chromatin that is not accessible for transcription.

a)

polychromatin

b)

heterochromatin

c)

euchromatin

46.

Which of the following best describes how the amount of DNA in the cell changes during M phase?

a)

The amount of DNA doubles as the DNA is replicated

b)

The amount of DNA slightly increases as a result of new organelle synthesis.

c)

The amount of DNA does not change while the cell grows.

d)

The amount of DNA is halved as the cell divides into two daughter cells

47.
Cells of organism must replicate for ?
a)
growth
b)
repair of damaged cells
c)
replacement of dying cells.
d)
All of the above
48.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
49.
The division of the nucleus is known as:
a)
Synthesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
G1
d)
G2
50.
Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____
a)
obesity
b)
cancer
c)
diabetes
d)
hepatitis
51.
When an animal cell goes through cytokinesis,__________
a)
a cell plate forms dividing the 2 new nuclei.
b)
the cell membrane pinches off the 2 new cells.
c)
4 new cells are formed.
d)
None of the above
52.
Asexual reproduction will result in
a)
Identical offspring to the parent
b)
Twins
c)
Meiosis
d)
Non-identical offspring to the parent
53.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though they look and perform completely different?

a)

The two different cells become mutated

b)

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

c)

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

d)

The genome of the different cells changes

54.
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until 
a)
the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
b)
several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
c)
the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
d)
the DNA introns are removed from the template.
55.
Which of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?
a)
it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor
b)
it sets the reading frame of the mRNA
c)
it is the recognition site for ribosomal binding
d)
it signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
56.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
a)
5' to 3' 
b)
3' to 5' along the template strand
c)
3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand
d)
5' to 3' along the template strand
57.
Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?
a)
the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNA
b)
the binding of transcription factors to a promoter
c)
the removal of introns and splicing together of exons
d)
gene amplification contributing to cancer
58.
The production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involves
a)
cutting introns out and spicing exons together
b)
adding the 5' cap
c)
adding the 3' poly A tail
d)
all of these are correct
59.

T/F The genetic code is different in nearly all organisms.

a)

True

b)

False

60.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
61.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
62.

Which enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?

a)

Helicase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

63.

This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.

a)

antiparallel

b)

semiconservative

c)

helical

d)

radioactive

64.

The strand of DNA that is replicated continuously from 5' to 3' is known as

a)

leading strand

b)

lagging strand

c)

parallel strand

d)

antiparallel strand

65.

Who is responsible for producing this image?

a)

Francis Crick and James Watson

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Alfred Hershey

66.

What enzyme keeps DNA from overwinding ahead of replication forks?

a)

Primase

b)

Topoisomerase

c)

Single-Stand Binding Protein

d)

Helicase

67.
repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes (TTAGGG)
a)
telomeres
b)
telomerase
c)
Okazaki fragments
d)
primer
68.
direction new nucleotides are synthesized on the new strand
a)
5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)
b)
3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)
69.
All of the following are enzymes used in replication except
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
primase
c)
helicase
d)
triptase
70.
Mistakes in the replication process are called _____
a)
helicase
b)
excision repair
c)
mutations 
d)
RNA 

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