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Microbiology Exam 2 Part 2 (Chapter 8 and 10)

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Viruses

a)

10,000-20,000 bp

b)

5 million bp

c)

3 billion bp

2.

Bacteria

a)

10,000-20,000 bp

b)

5 million bp

c)

3 billion bp

3.

Human

a)

10,000-20,000 bp

b)

5 million bp

c)

3 billion bp

4.

The backbone of the DNA molecule consists of:

a)

adenine groups

b)

alternating guanine and cytosine groups

c)

alternating ribose sugar and phosphate groups

d)

thymidine groups

e)

alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups

5.

Helicase

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

synthesizing an RNA primer

c)

unzipping the DNA helix

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

6.

Primase

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

synthesizing an RNA primer

c)

unzipping the DNA helix

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

7.

DNA polymerase III

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

synthesizing an RNA primer

c)

unzipping the DNA helix

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

8.

DNA polymerase I

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

synthesizing an RNA primer

c)

unzipping the DNA helix

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

9.

Ligase

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

synthesizing an RNA primer

c)

final binding of nicks in DNA during synthesis and repair

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

10.

Topoisomerases I and II

a)

removing primer, closing gaps, repairing mismatches

b)

Supercoiling and untangling

c)

final binding of nicks in DNA during synthesis and repair

d)

adding bases to the new DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes

11.

Which strand of DNA during synthesis is synthesized as short stretches of Okazaki fragments?

a)

both lagging and leading strand

b)

lagging strand only

c)

leading strand only

12.

Which of the following about DNA synthesis is NOT correct?

a)

 

DNA synthesis is totally conservative

b)

DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together

c)

topoisomerase and helicase work together to unwind the DNA ahead of the replication fork

d)

 

RNA primers are needed to initiate DNA synthesis

e)

the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously away from the replication fork

13.

DNA to RNA

a)

Occurs in some RNA Viruses

b)

Reverse Transcription

c)

Transcription

d)

Translations

14.

RNA to Proteins

a)

Occurs in some RNA Viruses

b)

Reverse Transcription

c)

Transcription

d)

Translations

15.

RNA to DNA

a)

Occurs in some RNA Viruses

b)

Reverse Transcription

c)

Transcription

d)

Translations

16.

Convert RNA to other RNA

a)

Occurs in some RNA Viruses

b)

Reverse Transcription

c)

Transcription

d)

Translations

17.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

a)

initiates DNA replication

b)

carry the instructions for making the correct protein by ribosomes

c)

brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

d)

structural component of ribosomes

e)

regulate transcription and translations (examples include micro RNA, interfering RNA, antisense RNA, riboswitches, etc)

18.

messenger RNA (mRNA)

a)

initiates DNA replication

b)

carry the instructions for making the correct protein by ribosomes

c)

brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

d)

structural component of ribosomes

e)

regulate transcription and translations (examples include micro RNA, interfering RNA, antisense RNA, riboswitches, etc)

19.

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

a)

initiates DNA replication

b)

carry the instructions for making the correct protein by ribosomes

c)

brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

d)

structural component of ribosomes

e)

regulate transcription and translations (examples include micro RNA, interfering RNA, antisense RNA, riboswitches, etc)

20.

regulatory RNAs

a)

initiates DNA replication

b)

carry the instructions for making the correct protein by ribosomes

c)

brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

d)

structural component of ribosomes

e)

regulate transcription and translations (examples include micro RNA, interfering RNA, antisense RNA, riboswitches, etc)

21.

primer RNA

a)

initiates DNA replication

b)

carry the instructions for making the correct protein by ribosomes

c)

brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

d)

structural component of ribosomes

e)

regulate transcription and translations (examples include micro RNA, interfering RNA, antisense RNA, riboswitches, etc)

22.

RNA polymerase binds to _________________  region of a gene to initiate transcription

a)

inititator

b)

promoter

c)

enhancer

d)

terminator

e)

elongator

23.

The first amino acid of a protein is always

a)

isoleucine

b)

proline

c)

any amino acid can be the 1st amino acid of a protein

d)

Leucine

e)

Methionine

24.

Which of the following is part of the primary mRNA transcript but are cut away in the mature mRNA transcript?

a)

intons

b)

exons

c)

transponsons

d)

transcriptions

25.

Which of the following only happens in eukaryotes but  not prokaryotes?

a)

alternative RNA splicing

b)

DNA replication

c)

translation

d)

transcription

26.

Which of the following types of RNA contains hairpin loops and is involved in carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

a)

messenger RNA

b)

primer RNA

c)

transfer RNA

d)

regulatory RNA

e)

ribosomal RNA

27.

Regarding the Lac operon, the repressor binds to the ________________  region to prevent RNA polymerase from binding to the ______________   to initiate transcription of the Lac Z, Y, and A genes when lactose is absent

a)

operator, repressor

b)

promoter, repressor

c)

operator, operator

d)

promoter, operator

e)

operator, promoter

28.

When lactose is present, a small amount of lactose is converted to allolactose.   Allolactose binds to the ______________________  protein and cause it to disengage from the ______________________  region of the lac operon.  RNA polymerase then can bind to the _____________ and initiate transcription of the Lac Z, Y and A genes

a)

operator, repressor, promoter

b)

repressor, promoter, operator

c)

promoter,operator, repressor

d)

repressor, operator, promoter

e)

operator, promotor, repressor

29.

Which of the following about bacterial plasmids are NOT correct?

a)

they are part of the bacterial circular chromosome

b)

multiple copies of plasmid may be carried by one bacterium at the same time.

c)

 

they are typically 3000 to 20,000 bp long

d)

they are circular extra chromosomal DNA

e)

plasmids may be transferred between 2 different bacteria via conjugation

30.

Which of the following about conjugation is NOT true ?

a)

F+ cells transfer plasmids to F- cells

b)

both strands of the plasmids are transferred during conjugation

c)

When a part of the bacterial chromosomes is transferred with the plasmid, the resulting cell is called Hfr

d)

After an F- cells receives the plasmid, it becomes F+ and can then transfer to plasmid to another cell

e)

D. Conjugation can occur between different species of bacteria

31.

transformation

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

horizontal direct transfer of DNA between bacteria via pili

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

32.

transduction

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

horizontal direct transfer of DNA between bacteria via pili

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

33.

conjugation

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

horizontal direct transfer of DNA between bacteria via pili

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

34.

transcription

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

horizontal direct transfer of DNA between bacteria via pili

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

35.

translation

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

horizontal direct transfer of DNA between bacteria via pili

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

36.

transposons

a)

non-specific acceptance of DNA from the environment

b)

injection of DNA into bacteria by viruses

c)

transposable elements capable of shifting from one part of the chromosome to another

d)

DNA to mRNA

e)

mRNA to proteins

37.

Missense Mutation

a)

mutations leading to one amino acid change

b)

change in DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence

c)

Deletion or insertion of 1 or 2 DNA bases leading to a change in the reading frame

d)

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

38.

Silent Mutation

a)

mutations leading to one amino acid change

b)

change in DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence

c)

Deletion or insertion of 1 or 2 DNA bases leading to a change in the reading frame

d)

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

39.

Frameshift Mutation

a)

mutations leading to one amino acid change

b)

change in DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence

c)

Deletion or insertion of 1 or 2 DNA bases leading to a change in the reading frame

d)

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

40.

Nonsense Mutation

a)

mutations leading to one amino acid change

b)

change in DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence

c)

Deletion or insertion of 1 or 2 DNA bases leading to a change in the reading frame

d)

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

41.

DNA  excision repair is normally carried out by

a)

DNA polymerase I

b)

DNA polymerase III

c)

DNA gyrase

d)

DNA topoisomerase

e)

RNA primase

42.

Which of the following about restriction endonucleases is NOT correct?

a)

they are enzyme capable of recognizing foreign DNa and breakign the phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides on both strands of DNA

b)

may leave sticky ends or blunt ends after cutting

c)

cut DNA at random sites

d)

recognize specific sites and cut at specific DNA sites

43.

The technique commonly used in "DNA fingerprinting" by comparing the patterns of bands in gel is called:

a)

RFLP

b)

PCR

c)

Endonuclease

d)

Frequency Comparison

e)

DNA Isotyping

44.

cDNAs

a)

forms hairpin loops

b)

do not contain introns and came from reverse transcription

c)

came from reverse transcription

d)

do not contain introns

e)

is the same as genomic DNA

45.

fragments of DNA move towards _________________   pole of an electric field and is separated based on size.   ______________________   fragments will move the fastest

a)

 

negative, shortest

b)

positive, shortest

c)

negative, longest

d)

positive, longest

e)

both positive and negative, shortest

46.

fragments of DNA move towards _________________   pole of an electric field and is separated based on size.   ______________________   fragments will move the fastest

a)

 

negative, shortest

b)

positive, shortest

c)

negative, longest

d)

positive, longest

e)

both positive and negative, shortest

47.

denaturation or separation temperature

a)

95 C

b)

45-65 C

c)

72 C

48.

priming or annealing temperature

a)

95 C

b)

45-65 C

c)

72 C

49.

extension temperature

a)

95 C

b)

45-65 C

c)

72 C

50.

Enzymes used in PCR

a)

 

DNA primase

b)

DNA polymerase III

c)

 

Taq or Vent

d)

EcorI

e)

DNA polymerase I

51.

prophylaxis

a)

substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of other microbes

b)

can mainly kill gram positive bacteria only

c)

can kill both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

d)

use of a drug to prevent an infection

52.

antibiotics

a)

substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of other microbes

b)

can mainly kill gram positive bacteria only

c)

can kill both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

d)

use of a drug to prevent an infection

53.

narrow spectrum

a)

substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of other microbes

b)

can mainly kill gram positive bacteria only

c)

can kill both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

d)

use of a drug to prevent an infection

54.

broad spectrum

a)

substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of other microbes

b)

can mainly kill gram positive bacteria only

c)

can kill both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

d)

use of a drug to prevent an infection

55.

Which of the following are NOT common sources of antibiotics?

a)

Penicillium molds

b)

Staphylococcus aureus

c)

Cephalosporium molds

d)

Streptomyces bacteria

56.

erythromycin

a)

cell wall inhibitors

b)

RNA synthesis inhibitor

c)

binds to LPS gram negative bacteria

d)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

57.

bacitracin

a)

cell wall inhibitors

b)

RNA synthesis inhibitor

c)

binds to LPS gram negative bacteria

d)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

58.

rifampin

a)

cell wall inhibitors

b)

RNA synthesis inhibitor

c)

binds to LPS gram negative bacteria

d)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

59.

polymyxins B

a)

cell wall inhibitors

b)

RNA synthesis inhibitor

c)

binds to LPS gram negative bacteria

d)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

60.

Which of the following is a cell wall inhibitor?

a)

 

gentamycin

b)

 

polymyxin B

c)

rifampin

d)

 

tetracycline

e)

vancomycin

61.

Which of the following is NOT a protein synthesis inhibitor ?

a)

 

aminoglycosides

b)

streptomycin

c)

clindamycin

d)

ciprofloxacin

e)

 

tetracyclines

62.

Which of the following is NOT a cell wall inhibitor?

a)

vancomycin

b)

amoxycillins

c)

Monobactams

d)

Augmentin

e)

streptomycin

63.

Which of the following inhibit DNA gyrase of bacteria?

a)

polymyxins

b)

bacitracin

c)

levofloxacin

d)

chloramphenicol

e)

rifampin

64.

Which of the following inhibit DNA gyrase of bacteria?

a)

polymyxins

b)

bacitracin

c)

levofloxacin

d)

chloramphenicol

e)

rifampin

65.

Which of the following is oil soluble ?

a)

erythromycin

b)

clindamycin

c)

chloramphenicol

d)

vancomycin

e)

penicillin

66.

Which of the following blocks folic acid synthesis?

a)

sulfonamides-trimethoprim

b)

rifampin

c)

vancomycin

d)

clindamycin

e)

polymyxins

67.

metronidazole

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

68.

artemisinin/artesunate

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

69.

fluconazole

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

70.

pyrimethamine (Daraprim)

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

71.

albendazole/mebendazole

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

72.

amphotericin B

a)

treating toxoplasma

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating systemic fungal infections

73.

clotrimazole

a)

treating general skin fungal infections (e.g. athletes' foot)

b)

treating vaginal yeast infections

c)

anti-protozoan drug (other than malaria)

d)

anti-malarial drug

e)

treating helminth infections

74.

Which of the following are common methods for bacteria to develop resistance to specific antibiotics ?

a)

alternate metabolic pathways to bypass certain blocks in synthesizing essential nutrients

b)

 

drug pumps to pump drugs back out of the cells

c)

changed affinity of binding sites of antibiotics

d)

 

breaking down antibiotics by making beta-lactamase

e)

all the choices shown

75.

Drug resistance may be spread from one strain of bacteria to another strain of un-related bacteria

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Prokaryotes usually have  ________________   chromosome(s)

a)

Multiple, linear

b)

Single, Circular

c)

Multiple, Circular

d)

Single, Linear

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