Microorganismsmake up ... of all living matter on Earth

... of the DNA in our own genom is derived from remnants of viral genomes.

higher concentration of bacteria in our .... than in other organs and body parts

in a normal man ,, there would be about ... trillion bacterial cells living among .. trillion human cells.

Microorganisms that have the potential to cause disease are called

.. diseases are caused by ... types of microorganisms.

is the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in an individual or population.

is when the infection causes damage to the individual’s vital functions or systems.

the site at which microbes enter the host body to make infection is called

Taxonomy comes from the word Taxon which means

is the categorization of organisms into taxonomic groups.

refers to the naming of an organism by international rules according to its characteristics

is practical use of a classification scheme to isolate and identify the causative agent of a disease

Not included in the 3 domain system .... and ....

phylogenetic tree of life are bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota

is the practice of identifying different organisms, classifying them into categories, and naming them.

smallest infectious agents

(ranging from about 20 nm to 300 nm in diameter)

Viruses contain only one kind of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) as their genome.

viruses replicate only in nonliving cells

Virion is a complete functional virus that has the capacity to infect living tissue.

a protein, Proteinaceous infectious particles

misfolded rogue form of a normal protein (PrPc)

Causes neurodegenerative diseases

conformational change occurs changing it from its normal or cellular form PrPc to the disease-causing conformation, PrPSc

Prions contains DNA or RNA.

This rogue prion protein (PrPsc), which may be caused by a genetic mutation or occur spontaneously, can be infectious

Prions are highly resistant to ... by heat, formaldehyde, and ultraviolet light that ... viruses.

Prions are highly resistant to ... by heat, formaldehyde, and ultraviolet light that ... viruses.

Consist only of a short strand of circular RNA capable of self-replication

viroids do have a protein coat to protect their genetic information.

subviral particles best described as non–self-replicating ssRNAs. require that the cell also be infected with a specific “helper” virus.

(satellite RNA) hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an example of

structure of viroids ... single stranded RNA

viruses and viroids obligate intracellular agents.

has NO protein coat

has no DNA and RNA

Cell that has membrane-bound nucleus, organelles called ... cells

Cells that do NOT have membrane-bound nucleus organelles called .... cells

algae, fungi, protozoa, slime mould ares ... microorganisms

membrane-bound internal structures called organelles.

viruses are divided into RNA and DNA viruses

Protista are divided into prokaryotic and viruses

blue green algae and bacteria are considered as ... cells

neurotoxins and Dinoflagellates(RedTides) are toxins that are produced by

Photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms.

Unicellular or multicellular microorganisms.

a man could be exposed to toxins through seafood such as paralytic shellfish

are the most diverse and complex of all microorganisms.

They range from unicellular amoebas of 10 to 12 μm to multicellular tapeworms 10 meters long.

they are unicellular

Flagellated protozoa

Ameboid

Ciliatedtypes

Sporozoa

Nonphotosynthetic protists growing as a mass of branching, interlacing filaments (“hyphae”) known as mycelium. and they are eukaryotic

The mycelial forms are called molds,

A few types, yeasts (unicellular)

Some of them dimorphic (biform)

cytoplasm contains cytoskeleton which organizes and supports the parts of the cell

mycoplasmas have cell wall

DNA of all bacteria is circle with length of .. mm

most prokaryotic cell have single chromosome

chromosome must be folded 1000 to fit in cell membrane

small, circular, may be transferred from one cell to another and thus may carry sets of specialized genetic information(DNA) through a population

The cell envelope is more complex in ... cells

its size >5 micrometer

its size between 0.5-3 micrometer

it has Ribosomes 80S (60S + 40S) (sedimentation coefficient)

it has Ribosomes 70S (50S + 30S) (sedimentation coefficient)

Quorum sensing is a cell–cell communication mechanism

Clone is If the organisms within a physically interconnected community are directly derived from a single cell,