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WorksheetsDr. Corso Endocrine (ezgen #2 Carbohydrate metabolism)
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 2hrs 2mins
02 What happens to most glucose after it enters the liver cell?
phosphorylated with ATP by glucokinase to become glucose-6-phosphate and ADP
phosphorylated with ATP by hexokinase to become glucose-6-phosphate and ADP
phosphorylated with ATP by phosphoglucomutase to become glucose-1-phosphate
and ADP
What hormone increases the activity 03 of glucokinase?
glucagon
insulin
found on most tissues
Glut 1
Glut 2
Glutv 3
Glut 4
found in Liver,
Pancrease and
Intestinal cells
Glut 2
Glut 4
Glut 1
Glut 3
insulin sensitive and
found on muscle and
adipose cells
Glut 4
Glut 3
Glut 2
Glut 1
found on neurons
Glut 3
Glut 1
Glut 2
Glut 4
Found in most other
cells
Hexokinase
Gliut 4
Glut 2
Glucokinase
Found in Liver and
Pancrease cells
Glucokinase
Glut 2
Hexokinase
Glut 1
The reaction of glucose + ATP in the presence of glucokinase
would create which product?
Fructose
Fructose-1-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of the enzyme
phosphoglucomutase will reversably convert some of the
molecules to which other molecule?
Galactose-6-phosphate
Glucose-1-phosphate
Gh
UDP-glucose
The reaction of glucose-1-phosphate with UTP in the
presence of UDP-glycosepyrophosphorylase would create
which other molecules. (note this reaction is reversable)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and UDP
UDP-Glucose and pyrophosphate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and UDP
Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate and UDP
The reaction of UDP-glucose + Glycogen in the presence of
active glycogen synthase produces?
glycogen that is one glycose larger + UDP
galactose
mannose
sucrose
Which of the following are usual features of Anderson's
disease?
fasting hypoglycemia
enlarged liver
enlarged spleen
can also affect muscle, heart and brain in some cases
For the synthesis of glycogen, put these chemical structures
in the order they are formed.
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glucose-1-phosphate
UDP-glucose
Glycogen (n+1)
Branched Glycogen
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glucose
UDP-glucose
Glucose-1-phosphate
Glycogen (n+1)
Branched Glycogen
Glucose-1-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glucose
UDP-glucose
Branched Glycogen
Glycogen (n+1)
For the synthesis of glycogen, put these enzymes in the order
they are used.
1. glucokinase (liver), hexokinase (muscle and other tissues)
2. phosphoglucomutase
3. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
4. Glycogen Synthase
5. Branching enzyme
1. phosphoglucomutase
2. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
3. Glycogen Synthase
4. Branching enzyme
5. glucokinase (liver), hexokinase (muscle and other tissues)
For the liver, which of these enzymes is not reversable and is
also promoted by insulin signaling?
glucokinase
phosphoglucomutase
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
Glycogen Synthase
promote glycogen
breakdown
glucagon
insulin
promotes glycogen
synthesis
insulin
glucagon
Glucagon cascade - put these in order following glucagon
binding its receptor
1. G-alpha-s protein binds GTP
2. activated G-alpha-s activates adenylate cyclase
3. synthesis of cAMP
4. activation of PKA
5. phosphorylation of the Glycogen Synthase / Glycogen Phosphorylase complex
6. Breakdown of glycogen
1. activates adenylate cyclase
2. synthesis of cAMP
3. activation of PKA
4. phosphorylation of the Glycogen Synthase / Glycogen Phosphorylase complex
5. Breakdown of glycogen
6. G-alpha-s protein binds GTP
activated G-alpha-s
decreased
movement of
glucose into muscle
and fat cells,
elevated
Glut4 transporter
deficiency
Anderson's disease
Glut1 transporter
deficiency
enlarged liver due to
reduced glycogen
branching
Anderson's disease
Glut1 transporter
deficiency
Glut2 transporter
deficiency
decrease of glucose
entry into cells, brain
most affected
Glut1 transporter
deficiency
Glut2 transporter
deficiency
Anderson's disease
decreased
movement of
glucose into and out
of the liver
Glut2 transporter
deficiency
Her's disease
Pompe's disease
enlarged liver, fasting
hypoglycemia,
excessive normal
glycogen stored in
liver
Her's disease
Pompe's disease
Glut2 transporter
deficiency
Lysosomal storage
disorder, where
glycogen
accumulates in the
lysosomes.
Pompe's disease
McArdle's disease
type zero glycogen
storage disorder
muscle fatigue,
excessive normal
glycogen stored in
muscle
McArdle's disease
type zero glycogen
storage disorder
Pompe's disease
decreased glycogen
synthesis, fasting
hypoglycemia
type zero glycogen
storage disorder
McArdle's disease
Her's disease
enlarged liver, fasting
hypoglycemia, excess
normal glycogen in
the liver, high
glucose-6-phosphate
levels
Von Gierkes disease
McArdle's disease
Anderson's disease
muscle fatigue,
excess normal
glycogen in the
muscle
McArdle's disease
Von Gierkes disease
Anderson's disease
enlarged liver, excess
unbranched glycogen in the liver
Anderson's disease
McArdle's disease
Von Gierkes disease
enlarged liver, fasting
hypoglycemia,
muscle fatigue,
excess short
branched glycogen in
the liver and muscle
Cori's disease
Her's disease
Pompe's disease
enlarged liver, fasting
hypoglycemia, excess
normal glycogen in
the liver
Her's disease
Pompe's disease
Cori's disease
lysosomal storage
disorder with excess
glycogen in
lysosomes of many
tissues
Pompe's disease
Her's disease
Cori's disease
PKA, promoting
glycogen break down
almost exclusively in
the liver
Glucagon Receptor
activation activates
Insulin Receptor
activation activates
PKB, promoting
glycogen synthesis
mostly in liver and
muscle
Insulin Receptor
activation activates
Glucagon Receptor
activation activates
PKC, promoting
glycogen break down
mostly in the liver
alpha-1 adrenergic
receptors activate
beta-1 adrenergic
receptors activate
PKA, promoting
glycogen break down
mostly in the muscle
and liver
alpha-1 adrenergic
receptors activate
beta-1 adrenergic
receptors activate
Name this molecule.
Fructose
Galactose
Glucose
What is the product 02 of this reaction?
The reaction of glucose with ATP and hexokinase produces
which two products?
ADP
AMP
Fructose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Starting with 1 molecule of glucose, how many ATP have
been used after step 3?
2
4
12
6
After the first 5 steps of glycolysis, glucose, which has ____carbons, is
phosphorylated with____ molecules of___ at
steps___ and____ , and then in steps 4 and 5
cleaved and isomerized into_____ molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
that has ____carbons per molecule.
6, 2, ATP, 1, 3, 2, 3
4, 2, ATP, 2, 3, 1, 2
3, 2, ATP, 3, 1, 2 , 6
What is the product of this reaction with the addition of ATP?
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
What is the product 07 of this reaction?
What are the products 08 of this reaction?
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
What is the product of this reaction?
2-phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
What are the two products 02 of this reaction?
phosphoenolpyruvate
water
pyruvate
What are the products of pyruvate, NADH and lactate
dehydrogenase?
ADP
AT
Lactate
NAD +
What are the products of ethanol, NAD+ and alcohol
dehydrogenase
acetaldehyde
NADH
acetate
isopropyl alcohol
activates
gluconeogenesis in
the liver
Glucagon during the
fasting state
Insulin during the fed
state
Glucokinase
activates glycolysis in
the liver
Insulin during the fed
state
Glucagon during the
fasting state
Glucose-6-
Phosphatase
activated by insulin
Glucokinase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Insulin during the fed
state
activated by glycagon
Glucose-6-
Phosphatase
Glucokinase
insulin during the fed state
Pyruvate is converted to which product by the enzyme
Pyruvate carboxylase?
Oxaloacetate
alanine
glucose
lactate
How many ATP's are used in the first half of glycolysis starting
with 1 molecule of glucose and ending with 2 molecules of
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
2
3
4
6
The conversion of Lactate to Pyruvate in the liver requires
which co-substrate?
ADP
AT
NAD+
NADH
The conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to 2 molecules of
lactate produces which products?
1 ATP
2 ATP
4 ATP
2 ATP AND 2 NADH
Arsenate will prevent ATP production by interfering with
which step of glycolysis? Name the enzyme for this step.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
PKF
PKF-1
HEXOKINASE
How many ATP are needed to go from lactate to glucose in a
liver cell?
1
2
6
5
Atkins diet promotes a very low carbohydrate intake. Since
the RBCs depend entirely on glucose and the brain heavily
depends on glucose, what is the largest source of carbons for
gluconeogenesis?
amino acids
fatty aci
glycerol
lactate
How does most glucose enter the liver cell during high blood
glucose?
Glut2 transporter
Glut4 transporter
Glut1 transporter
Glut5 transporter
