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SEMI-FINAL EXAM IN GENETICS

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following would NOT be a piece of information that led to the discovery of Chromosome Theory of Inheritance?

a)

chromosomes are present in pairs

b)

homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis

c)

fertilization restores the diploid count

d)

none of the choices

2.

True/False: Genes that are found on the same chromosome are less likely to segregate/independently assort from one another.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

When does recombination first occur in meiosis?

a)

prophase I

b)

prophase II

c)

metaphase I

d)

metaphase II

4.

Which of the following chromosome combinations will result in a female in humans?

a)

XY

b)

X

c)

XX

d)

YY

5.

How many X chromosomes are typically expressed in humans and cats?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

6.
What would we expect to happen in a test cross which involved genes that were closely linked?
a)
There would be a higher frequency of recombination.
b)
The offspring would show more individuals that represented the parents.
c)
The offspring would less individuals that represented the parents.
d)
The genes would assort themselves as if they were on separate chromosomes.
7.

What is the function of the X and Y chromosomes?

a)

Eye colour

b)

Hair colour

c)

Height

d)

Sex

8.
What role do pigments play in photosynthesis?
a)
Make plants green, which is calming
b)
Capture sunlight
c)
Absorb water in roots
d)
Take in CO2
9.

Where is all the genetic information in a cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Chloroplasts

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Cytoplasm

10.

What are small stretches of DNA that code for traits

a)

Nucleus

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Gene

d)

Centromeres

11.

One form of a gene is called_______________

a)

a DNA

b)

a phenotype

c)

a trait

d)

an allele

12.

A genotype is ______________.

a)

physical appearance

b)

the specific allele makeup of an individual

c)

alleles gained from one parent

d)

any expressed trait of an organism

13.

A phenotype is _________________.

a)

any expressed trait of an organism

b)

genetic makeup

c)

alleles acquired from a specific parent

d)

the recessive traits

14.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called?

a)

Monohybrid cross

b)

Heredity

c)

True breeding

d)

Genetics

15.
Which of the following would be coded in your DNA?
a)
proteins and hormones
b)
athletic ability
c)
reading and speaking
d)
dance routines
16.
How much of your DNA do you inherit from your mom?
a)
10%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
it varies
17.
Each parent contributes one of the genes for a particular trait. The genes of the pair are called:
a)
variables
b)
gametes
c)
hybrids
d)
alleles
18.
My main goal is to produce a lot of ATP energy. 
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
19.
Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Mitochondria
20.
Why can some people roll their tongues and others cannot? 
a)
Rolling your tongue is an instinct
b)
Rolling your tongue is an inherited trait
c)
Rolling your tongue is an acquired trait
d)
Rolling your tongue is a learned behavior
21.
Variations of a trait are __________________.
a)
genes
b)
chromosomes
c)
hybrids
d)
alleles
22.

Chromosomes are only inherited from one parent.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

The phenotype are the physical traits that are expressed in an organism.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

In what organelle of plant cells does photosynthesis occur?

a)

mitochondria

b)

centrioles

c)

chloroplast

d)

ribosomes

25.
What role do pigments play in photosynthesis?
a)
Make plants green, which is calming
b)
Capture sunlight
c)
Absorb water in roots
d)
Take in CO2
26.

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

27.

Sections of DNA that have instructions for a specific trait are called _______________

a)

Blueprints

b)

Genes

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Fragments

28.

Chromosomes are

a)

Found in the mitochondria

b)

Made of 20 pairs

c)

Long strands of DNA that contain many genes

d)

Bundles of DNA that contain only one gene each

29.

True or false: Mutations only harm chances of survival:

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Traits that are passed from parents to offspring are always

a)

Recessive

b)

Inherited

c)

Dominant

d)

Heterozygous

31.

The genetic difference between individuals in the same species is

a)

Interesting

b)

Harmful

c)

Variation

d)

Genetics

32.

Different versions of the same gene are called

a)

Jeans

b)

Editions

c)

Varieties

d)

Alleles

33.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
34.
Genes are unable to determine a person's
a)
eye color
b)
athletic ability
c)
shape of ears
d)
type of chin
35.
The pictures below show two dogs. The instructions determining the color of their fur are found in their cell...
a)
cytoplasm
b)
membrane
c)
mitochondria
d)
chromosomes
36.
True or False:  Recessive traits are ALWAYS present 
a)
True
b)
False
37.

Which of the following is the carrier of genetic information?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

38.

What do you call the trait that is always present and causes the other traits to disappear?

a)

Aggressive Trait

b)

Active Trait

c)

Recessive Trait

d)

Dominant Trait

39.

Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide monomer in DNA?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Uracil

40.

In the DNA, adenine complements with _________.

a)

Guanine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Uracil

41.

What type of inheritance pattern does the ABO blood group represent?

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Multiple Alleles

d)

Polygenic Inheritance

42.

The DNA in the skin cells of your hand is significantly different in sequence from the DNA in your liver cells.

a)

True

b)

False

43.
How many PAIRS of chromosomes do humans have?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
1
d)
2
44.
I have 1 X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome. What am I?
a)
Male
b)
Female
45.

The ability of a gene to have multiple phenotypic effects is known as

a)

Pleiotropy

b)

Co-dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Complete dominance

46.
If more than one class implements an interface, its methods are ____.
a)
aggregated
b)
public
c)
dependent
d)
polymorphic
47.

The following Syntax is used for?


class Subclass-name extends Superclass-name

{

//methods and fields

}

a)

Polymorphism

b)

Encapsulation

c)

Inheritance

d)

None of the above

48.
What does polymorphism mean?
a)
Changing shapes
b)
Having many forms
c)
Being unchangeable
d)
Easy
49.
Which of these cannot be passed down through inheritance?
a)
Public variables
b)
Private variables
c)
Methods
d)
Data
50.

Segments of DNA are called _______________________

a)

Genes

b)

Alleles

c)

Traits

d)

Chromosomes

51.
Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
52.

Which of the following is the correct definition for a genotype?

a)

The physical expression of a gene. (Characteristics)

b)

A strand of DNA made up of multiple mutations.

c)

The expression of one of your parents traits.

d)

The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.

53.

A dominant allele is written as a(n)

a)

lower case letter

b)

upper case letter

c)

unicorn emoji

d)

question mark

54.

A recessive allele is written as a(n)

a)

lower case letter

b)

upper case letter

c)

hashtag

d)

smiley face

55.
If a trait is recessive, it needs to be inherited from ___ parents to be 'expressed'.
a)
one
b)
both
56.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
57.

Which organizes correctly from smallest to largest structure?

a)

allele- gene- chromosome -nucleus - cell

b)

cell - nucleus - chromosome - gene- allele

c)

chromosome - gene - allele - cell - nucleus

58.

Offspring resulting from sexual reproduction have traits that are

a)

same (clones) of parents

b)

different from parents- a combination of genes from both

59.

Sex-linked traits for genetic disorders like color-blindness result in

a)

more males than females expressing the phenotype

b)

more females than males expressing the phenotype

c)

about equal numbers of males and females expressing the phenotype

60.

A heterozgous genotype results in what type of expression of phenotype?

a)

Recessive Phenotype

b)

Dominant Phenotype

c)

Both traits being expressed

d)

Completely new traits

61.

Which part of the cell is considered to be "selectively permeable" because it allows certain things to enter or leave the cell?

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Cytoplasm

62.

The jelly like substance in the cell is called --

a)

cytoplasm

b)

lysosomes

c)

chromosomes

d)

cytokinesis

63.

What is the function of a chloroplast?

a)

Control center of the cell

b)

Makes food (sugar) from sunlight

c)

Protects the cell

d)

Makes ribosomes

64.

Thread-like genetic material that is found in the nucleus of cells (humans have 23 pairs) is called

a)

Proteins

b)

DNA

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Genes

65.

Makes up part of the structure of our bodies, can act as enzymes, helps build muscle, and can be used as energy

a)

DNA

b)

Chromosome

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

66.
This produces 2 identical cells.
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
67.

Reproduction by mitosis or binary fission, with no sperm or egg.

a)

Sexual Reproduction

b)

Asexual Reproduction

c)

Meiosis

d)

Sperm

68.

When there is more than 2 alleles for a gene it is called ______

a)

sex-linked traits

b)

multiple alleles

c)

codominance

d)

linked genes

69.

What type of non-mendelian inheritance does the picture show?

a)

codominance

b)

multiple alleles

c)

sex-linked traits

d)

linked genes

70.

What type of non-mendelian inheritance shows an intermediate phenotype?

a)

codominance

b)

multiple alleles

c)

sex-linked traits

d)

incomplete dominance

71.
What is NOT a possible genotype for someone with type B blood?
a)
BB
b)
AB
c)
BO
72.
What are the blood types of the possible children that a woman (type O) and man (type AB) can have?
a)
O and AB
b)
O and A
c)
O and B
d)
A and B
73.
A woman has type B blood and her husband has type O blood.  What must be the woman's genotype, if they have a child with type O blood?
a)
BO
b)
BB
c)
OO
d)
type B
74.
What percentage of the female offspring will be a carrier for this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
100%
d)
25%
75.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
76.
What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes located at different loci on different chromosomes and there can be a range of traits?
a)
Codominance
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Polygenic traits
77.
How many alleles does someone have for a genotype?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
78.
Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?
a)
XBXb
b)
XbXb
c)
XbY
d)
XBY
79.

Sex-linked traits for genetic disorders like color-blindness result in

a)

more males than females expressing the phenotype

b)

more females than males expressing the phenotype

c)

about equal numbers of males and females expressing the phenotype

80.
Gene therapy is the attempt to
a)
fuse cells taken from different species.
b)
treat disease by changing a patient's DNA.
c)
determine a baby's sex before birth.
d)
provide genes to people who have none.
81.

A disease caused by mutation in the genetic material or DNA

a)

Cloning Disease

b)

Mutant disease

c)

Genetic disease

d)

All of the Above

82.
The Human Genome Project has made diagnosing genetic disorders easier.Once a genetic disorder is diagnosed, ____ can be used as a possible treatment.
a)
cell cultures
b)
gene therapy
c)
DNA fingerprinting
d)
PCR
83.
What molecules do both DNA and RNA contain?
a)
uracil
b)
nucleotides
c)
thymine
d)
deoxyribose
84.

Hair color, height, eye color and freckles are examples of human traits. What do we call the physical expression of the genetic material of an organism?

a)

genetics

b)

heredity

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

85.
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
a)
heredity
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
allele
86.
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics 
a)
gene
b)
genetics 
c)
meiosis 
d)
hybrid 
87.
Having the genes for baldness is an example of
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
88.
Being a carrier of a genetic disorder is an example of
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
89.
Having genes that make you more likely to be good at sprinting is an aspect of
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
90.
When two identical alleles for a trait are in an organism, the organism is said to be ____________?
a)
Heterozygous
b)
Homozygous
c)
allele
d)
resseive
91.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
92.

Human gametes contain how many chromosomes?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

12

d)

28

93.
has more than 2 variations
a)
regulatory genes
b)
multiple alleles
c)
mendelian inheritance
94.
regulates the expression of other genes
a)
dominant
b)
multiple alleles
c)
regulatory genes
95.
the genetic code for the gene
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
homozygous
96.
trait shows only if both parents pass it on
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
codominan
97.
when you have two different genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
dominant
c)
homozygous
98.
when you have two of the same genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
recessive
c)
homozygous
99.
rule where genes come in only dominant or recessive
a)
Regulatory Genes
b)
Mendelian Inheritance
c)
Incomplete Dominance
100.

Heredity is the passing on of traits, or characteristics, from parents to offspring. Genes are the tiny coded messengers responsible for passing on the traits. Each gene is composed of one of many possible combinations and sequences of DNA, which signals an organism to produce different types of proteins. These proteins control every detail of how an organism will grow and develop. The most complicated creatures as well as the simplest one celled bacteria are all directed by a coded set of instructions written in its DNA.

Every gene occupies a certain location on a chromosome strand, and every organism has a unique number and order of genes on its chromosomes. The more closely related two organisms are, the more alike their chromosomes. All organisms that use sexual reproduction have two strands of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. Humans, for example, have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46, in every cell.


Which of the following organisms likely have the most similar chromosomes?

a)

humans and frogs

b)

birds and lions

c)

humans and apes

d)

lions and alligators

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