Two chambers/compartments involved in a dual pump are:

Between the two-stroke and four-stroke buccal pump, which can keep oxygenated and deoxygenated air separate inside the oral (buccal) cavity?

In an avian lung, ______ exchange takes place when the oxygen molecules diffuse into the bloodstream from the air flowing through the parabronchi.

Choose the correct order of structures, through which a draft of air flows in a bird respiratory system.

Blood islands are the embryonic source for:

Capillaries consist of:

The tunica media of the veins lack:

The blood pressure is stronger in veins than in capillaries.

Which of the following forms an arch of aorta (systemic arch) in birds?

Which of the following forms a pulmonary trunk in mammals?

In the shark heart, the two middle chambers are:

Among vertebrates, accessory hearts that assist in venous return occur in:

During cardiac shunt, resistance in ______ increases to divert blood flow back to the body from the ventricle.

Identify the vertebrate group that cannot perform cardiac shunt.

Coronary vessels (= arteries and veins) service:

Which of the following valves is found between the right atrium and right ventricle in a human heart?

How do the four chambers of a human heart contract?

Chordae tendineae are associated with all four heart valves of a human heart.

One way valves are found:

Vertebrate kidneys develop from:

A uriniferous tubule consists of:

An embryonic kidney of an amniote is:

Find a false statement about veins.

Which embryonic vein becomes the hepatic portal vein?

There are more afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent ones at a given lymph node, because:

Which of the following groups possesses ureters?

Turtles exhibit:

What flows through the collecting duct of a kidney?

Find the correct match.

Which of the following groups lacks salt glands?

The sex of the gonad is already determined by the time a pair of genital ridges emerge.

Some vertebrates can reproduce asexually.

An indifferent gonad becomes an ovary when primordial germ cells (PGCs) settle in the medulla.

Some vertebrate females only possess a single ovary.

Which of the following is NOT part of an oviduct?

All mammal females give live birth (viviparous).

The spongy urethra is unique to male:

Which species possesses a baculum (os penis)?

PNS stands for peripheral nervous system, and consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

What neuroglial cells produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which fills and flows through the spinal cord and the brain?

Morphologically, sensory neurons are:

Motor neurons are known as _______ neurons, because they carry AP ________ the CNS.

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted by:

A collection of somas (cell bodies) in CNS is referred to as:

Whose axon is always unmyelinated?

Which is longer, your spine (the vertebral column) or your spinal cord?

Ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves may join to form a:

Sharks and humans share:

What does an optic nerve (CNII) do?

Evolution of the accessory nerve enabled tetrapods to:

How many meninges do fishes (& sharks) have?

Which ventricle is found in the hind brain?

Which ventricle is the choroid plexus found?

In the spinal reflex, the action potential propagating through the motor neuron always exits from the same level of the spinal cord as the sensory neuron that propagated the AP.

All of the somatic afferent neurons in the spinothalamic tract synapse in the thalamus.

Diencephalon can perform the following, EXCEPT:

Optic input in amniotes always reaches the tectum.

Cerebellum initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Pons is part of:

How many sets of cranial nerve have their nuclei in the medulla oblongata?

Find a statement inconsistent with specialized sensory organs.

Olfaction has nothing to do with tasting food.

Olfaction has nothing to do with tasting food.

Among vertebrates, the sense of taste is detected only within the oral cavity.

Vomeronasal/Jacobsen's organ is an accessory ______ system.

Parietal organ is part of:

Where are infrared receptors located in the pit viper such as a rattle snake?

Accomodation in sharks is achieved through the change of lens shape.

Which of the following groups can see into ultraviolet?

Sensitivity of hair cells to fluid movement in _________ allows us to perceive body movements in particular directions.

Fluid movement in any direction across a given hair cell triggers action potential.

How many semicircular canals do lampreys have?

An ear of a shark can detect all of the following sensations well, except: