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WorksheetsOsmoregulation and Excretion
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 43mins
The cluster of capillaries within a nephron.
glomerulus
alveoli
aorta
vein
The organ that removes metabolic wastes including urea, excess water, and salts from the blood.
lung
liver
kidney
colon
The organ whose excretory functions include detoxification of the blood and formation of urea.
liver
kidney
heart
gall bladder
The functional unit of the kidneys which includes the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and the Loop of Henle.
arteriole
veinule
alveoli
nephron
A nitrogen waste resulting from the breakdown of the amino acids produced during protein digestion.
carbon dioxide
bile
urea
water
A) Urine passes through the ureters
B) Urea enters the kidneys
C) Urine enters the urethra
Which substance is NOT found in the liquid in the highlighted parts of a healthy person?
Glucose
Salt
Water
Urea
Organs of excretion that maintain homeostasis include the kidneys, lungs, skin, and
colon.
bladder
liver.
Term for both the bunch of capillaries and the cup-shaped structure which forms part of the nephron
Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
Malpighian body
Renal tubule
The area where all of the glucose is absorbed.
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
The area where the pH of the blood is controlled.
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
The area where a sodium pump is found.
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
The area influenced by hormones in order to regulate water balance in the body.
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
The "salty" region of the kidney.
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pelvis
Hilum
The area of the nephron impermeable to water is the....
Descending limb of the L of H
Ascending limb of the L of H
Proximal tubule
Distal tubule
The wider of the two arterioles is the...
Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole
"Filtrate" is the name given to the fluid in the ...
Capillaries
Nephron
Bladder
Choose the substances (more than 1) that will be found in larger quantities the renal vein.
glucose
urea
water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
Choose the substances (more than 1) that will be found in larger quantities the renal artery.
glucose
urea
water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ADH is created in the:
Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Brain
Kidney
ADH is released from the pituitary gland into the:
Circulatory system
Endocrine system
Nervous system
All of the above
When ADH is secreted, urine will:
Be more dilute
Be more concentrated
Have a larger volume
All of the above
When you drink a larger volume of water than is required by your body tissues:
ADH secretion will be increased
ADH secretion will be inhibited
ADH secretion will not be affected
None of the above
Changes in blood volume and concentration are detected in the brain cells in the:
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is released by which gland of the endocrine system
Thyroid
Pituitary
Ovaries
Adrenal
If you are dehydrated (low water potential in the blood), the body must conserve water. To do so, the brain triggers the pituitary gland to ...
release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable
release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable
release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable
release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable
If you are over-hydrated (high water potential in the blood), the body must excrete excess water. To do so, the brain triggers the pituitary gland to ...
release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable
release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable
release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable
release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable
ADH causes specific protein channels to move into the membranes of certain cells in the nephron so that more water can be absorbed by osmosis. What are these called?
aquaporins
active transport
tight junctions
desmosomes
Which organisms are osmoconformers?
vertebrates and terrestrial mammals
invertebrates only
vertebrates only
marine invertebrates and hagfish
What organisms are osmoregulators?
marine vertebrates and non-marine invertebrates
non-marine vertebrates and some marine invertebrates
marine invertebrates only
all vertebrates
How are nitrogenous wastes produced?
metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids
metabolism of nucleic acids only
metabolism of proteins only
metabolism of glucose and nucleic acids
What applies to ammonia, a nitrogenous waste?
prod. by mammals and birds
least toxic and inexpensive to make
prod. by fish, larval amphibians, aquatic invertebrates
most toxic and inexpensive to make
Which apply to urea?
moderately toxic and expensive to make
in terrestrial invertebrates, adult amphibians, and mammals
made of CO2 and ammonia through ATP usage
in terrestrial vertebrates, amphibians, and birds
carried through blood from kidneys and excreted in urine
Which apply to uric acid?
doesn't poison embryo in amniotic animals
makes precipitate
inexpensive to make and in fish and mammals
high solubility and in terrrestrial snails, insects, reptiles, and birds
low solubility and expensive to make
How does a frog switch from one nitrogenous waste to another?
baby amphibians: urea
adult = uric acid
baby = ammonia
adult = uric acid
baby = urea
adult = ammonia
baby = ammonia
adult - urea
Which apply to some arthropods?
malpighian tubule system (absorb hemolymph), exoskeleton = adaptive radiation
malpighian tubule (large tubes in cephalothorax, absorb blood)
malpighian tubule (no energy used to transport substances with epithelium)
Which apply to crayfish?
excretory glands
antennal glands
malpighian tubule system
isoosmotic
Which is correct about blood vessels to the kidney?
renal vein = to kidney
renal artery = away from kidney
renal artery = from
renal vein = to
renal artery: to
renal vein: from
renal artery = to
renal vein = to
What are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?
cortical = 15%,
juxta = 85%
cortical = 75%
juxta = 25%
cortical = 90%
juxta = 10%
cortical = 85%
juxta = 15%
What gets secreted into the proximal convoluted tubule?
H+ and potassium ions
water and glucose
H+ and NH3
NH3 and potassium
What is reabsorbed from the distal tubule?
water, potassium ions
water, salt, and H+ ions
salt, water, HCO3
potassium, water, adn HCO3
What happens in the collecting duct?
for dilute urine, transport salts out of collecting duct (not water in)
transport urea and water out of duct into interstitial liquid
more urea enters the tubule through passive transport
reabsorption of glucose molecules by interstitial fluid
What type of excretory system do Annelids have?
protonephridial
metanephridial
malpighian tubule
none- diffusion = excretion
How is osmoregulation different in freshwater and marine fishes?
fresh = urea, concentrated urine, small glomeruli and long tubules
marine = ammonia, large glomeruli, short tubules, lots of dilute urine
fresh = ammonia, salt from food + transport epithelium in gills, large glomeruli + short tubules, dilute urine
marine = ammonia, rid salts transport epithelium + kidneys, small glomeruli and long tubles, smol amt concentrated urine
Which apply to a shark?
urea decreases osmolarity, TMAO lowers salt concentration in shark
rectal gland secretes salts to cloaca
isoosmotic but osmoregulate , kidney conserve urea
no osmoregulation
Why do birds and reptiles have salt glands?
not enough access to freshwater
to create more salt
Which are correct?
ureter = kidneys -> bladder
ureter = liver -> kidneys
urethra = bladder -> out of body
bladder = transitional epithelium and sphincter muscles
blood = veins -> kidneys -> arteries
The filtrate in a kidney is...
isoosmotic to blood but hyperosmotic to interstitial fluid
hypoosmotic to interstitial fluid
isoosmotic to interstitial fluid but hyperosmotic to blood and tissues
Why is there a counter current system in the nephron?
counter current multiplier - energy expended to create concen. gradient.
less energy expended to get higher concentration
salt needs to diffuse out of the tubule
lower concentration and pump out salts.
What applies to the glomerulus?
filters by size
transport epithelium
select specific ions for inclusion in filtrate
all the above
Where is transport epithelium located
not the bowman's capsule or glomerulus
in the glomerulus
What do the proximal and distal convoluted tubules do?
big effect on osmolarity
adjust ion composition of filtrate
reabsorb water
all the above
Descending limb of loop of Henle...
increase osmolarity of filtrate
decrease osmolarity of filtrate
doesn't change osmolarity of filtrate
depend on ADH levels
Vasa recta
increase osmolarity of filtrate
decrease osmolarity of filtrate
doesn't change osmolarity of filtrate
depend on ADH levels
Collecting duct
increases osmolarity of filtrate
decrease osmolarity of filtrate
does not change osmolarity of filtrate
depends on ADH levels
Region with highest osmolarity is
distal convoluted tubule
descending limb of henle
inner medulla
outer medulla
cortex
Non shivering thermogenesis
occurs in white fat
releases heat
occurs in adult humans more than in babies
none of the above
Which of the following is true of hibernation?
body temp drops
metabolic rate drops
bears hibernate in the winter
only 1 and 2
What is reabsorbed in posterior convoluted tubule region?
water
glucose
HCO3
NH3
K+
What is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?
K+
HCO3
water
NaCl
H+
Which apply to K-rats? Making them create waste with 22x more concentration than body fluid?
dry feces
nocturnal
more protein
short loops of Henle
long respiratory passages
An increase in ADH causes
more dilute urine to be produced
concentrated urine to be produced
collecting duct more permeable to water
more aquaporins
What happens in the malpighian tubule?
glucose, nutrients, adn water are secreted into the tubule
salt, glucose, and wastes are secreted into the tubule
salt, water, and nitrogenous wastes are secreted into tubule
nitrogenous wastes, oxygen, and glucose are secreted into the tubule
How does fluid enter and exit a Planaria?
closed inner end of flame bulb -> tubules -> cilia -> nephridiopores
closed inner end of flame bulb -> cilia -> tubules -> nephridiopores
cilia -> closed inner end -> tubules -> nephridiopores
nephridiopores -> cilia -> tubules -< closed inner end
How does water enter and exit a clam?
nephridia -> pericardium (hemocoel) -> suprabranchial chamber
suprabranchial chamber -> nephridia -> pericardium
pericardium -> nephridia -> suprabranchial chamber
nephridia -> suprabranchial chamber -> pericardium
