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AP Bio - Unit 4 Cell Cycle and Cell Communication

Total questions: 148

Worksheet time: 4hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
2.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
3.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
6.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
7.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
8.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
9.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
10.
Out of t-cells and b-cells which is the helper cell?
a)
b-cells
b)
t-cells
c)
neither
d)
both
11.
What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?
a)
Anti inflammatory
b)
Antigens
c)
Antiseptic
d)
Antibodies
12.
Pathogens are recognized by their...
a)
antigens
b)
antibodies
c)
killer t-cells
d)
B-cells
13.
The cell carries out normal functions during..
a)
interphase
b)
cytokinesis
c)
mitosis
14.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
15.
Which of the following statements is true of cytokinesis
a)
takes place in plant cells only
b)
completes the cell cycle
c)
organizes DNA
d)
occurs in prophase
16.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.
a)
Growth
b)
Recovering from injuries
c)
Replacement of dead cells
d)
Sexual reproduction
17.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
18.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
19.
How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?
a)
animal cells form a cell plate
b)
plant cells form a cell plate
c)
plant cells go through the process in reverse
d)
plant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one
20.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
21.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
22.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
23.
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
24.
Insulin is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
25.
Glucagon is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
26.
Glucose levels in the blood are controlled by the:
a)
Pancreas
b)
Thyroid
c)
Parathyroids
d)
Adrenal Glands
27.
A person who is having an anaphylactic reaction is given an inject of epinephrine. The purpose of this is primarily to:
a)
Dilate pupils
b)
Open air passage ways
c)
Increase blood sugar
d)
Dilate blood vessels in muscles
28.
The hormone that lowers blood sugar is:
a)
Insulin
b)
Glucagon
c)
Cortisol
d)
GnRH
29.
Hormones that enter cells directly to cause changes are usually:
a)
Steroids
b)
Proteins
30.
The second messenger produced by the action of many protein hormones is:
a)
cAMP
b)
Adenylate Cyclase
c)
G-Protein
d)
Epinephrine
31.
Insufficient production during childhood results in dwarfism, while overproduction results in gigantism.
a)
Insulin
b)
Follicle stimulating hormone
c)
Oxytocin
d)
Human growth hormone
32.
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth of long bones?
a)
Prolactin
b)
Thyrotropin
c)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d)
Human growth hormone
33.
What do B cells produce?
a)
antigens
b)
macrophages
c)
T cells
d)
antibodies
34.
 Like all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis.  Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?  
a)
it protects other organs and tissues from infection and disease
b)
it breaks down food to provide cells with nutrients
c)
it gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systems
d)
 it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
35.
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
a)
lymph cell
b)
antigen
c)
antibody
d)
neutrop
36.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
a)
plasma cells
b)
phagocytic cells
c)
helper T cells
d)
antibodies
37.
Which is an example of passive immunity?
a)
You have been infected
b)
You have been vaccinated
c)
You made antibodies
d)
You got your mother's antibodies
38.
What do memory cells do?
a)
Kills the virus
b)
Eats the virus
c)
Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.
d)
Makes antibodies
39.
Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
a)
You get a vaccination
b)
You create antibodies
c)
You get infected
d)
All of these are correct
40.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response
 
II.  Amplification
 
 III.  Reception
 
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
41.
The gland that stimulates body metabolism
a)
Thyroid
b)
testes
c)
ovary
d)
adrenal
42.
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
43.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
44.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
45.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
a)
To create new daughter cells
b)
To prevent cancer from developing
c)
To help the body fight viruses and bacteria
46.

Feedback loops are important because they allow organisms and the environment to

a)

change based on new inputs

b)

fall apart

c)

change based on new outputs

d)

maintain balance

47.

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Parathyroid Hormone

48.

Which of the following is NOT acquired

a)

production of antibodies

b)

helper T cell making memory cells

c)

cytotoxic T cell killing infected body cell

d)

creation of histamine during a splinter infection

49.

Which cell is directly associated with cell mediated responses

a)

macrophage

b)

helper T cell

c)

cytotoxic T cell

d)

B cell

50.

Which of the following is NOT true of autoimmune diseases

a)

the immune system targets "self"

b)

the immune system has been deactivated

c)

the immune system has over active cytotoxic T cells

d)

mutliple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease

51.

Vaccines will trigger your body to make all of the following EXCEPT

a)

antibodies

b)

memory cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

red blood cells

52.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

53.

Hormone regulation operates under which type of feedback mechanism?

a)

positive feedback

b)

negative feedback

c)

zero feedback

d)

Hormones are not regulated

54.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

55.

What two components make an active MPF

a)

a growth factor and a mitotic factor

b)

ATP synthetase and a protease

c)

cyclin and tubulin

d)

cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

56.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

57.

Endocrine glands secrete _

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

A wide range of chemical substances

58.

Vaccinations will

a)

give you a deadly disease

b)

give you autism

c)

give you memory cells

d)

give you autoimmune diseases

59.

Which of the following is NOT specific?

a)

Helper T cell

b)

Cytoxic T cell

c)

B cell

d)

Macrophage

60.

Which is the most important thing used in the first line of defense?

a)

macrophage

b)

fever

c)

skin

d)

antigens

61.

Each antibody is specifically made to attach to only one type of antigen

a)

True

b)

False

62.

What type of response is this

a)

nonspecific and humoral

b)

nonspecific and cell mediated

c)

specific and humoral

d)

specific and cell mediated

63.

Once you have Influenza A, you will never be sick from that specific pathogen again.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

65.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

66.

Which letter represents the secondary proteins?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

67.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

68.

Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

69.

How do bacteria sense local population density?

a)

quorum sensing

b)

bacteria sensing

c)

signal sensing

d)

population sensing

70.

The nasty on your teeth in the morning is an example of what?

a)

biofilm

b)

saliva

c)

dry toothpaste residue

d)

bacterial hormomes

71.

The final activated molecule in a signaling pathway may function as a what?

a)

transcription factor

b)

second messenger

c)

kinase

d)

phosphatase

72.

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

a)

true

b)

false

73.

What word means programmed cell death?

a)

apoptosis

b)

mitosis

c)

Ced-9

d)

bleb

74.

Cell death is a bad thing.

a)

true

b)

false

75.

Name the two main second messengers.

a)

cAMP

b)

GTP

c)

Calcium ions

d)

ligands

76.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
77.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
78.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
79.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
80.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
81.
As you get dehydrated, your blood becomes thicker and harder to pump. Your kidneys will respond by stopping urine production, sending the water from urine into your bloodstream to thin your blood back to normal level.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
82.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
83.
What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?
a)
Hormones
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Synapse
d)
Carbohydrates
84.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
85.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
86.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
87.
Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.
a)
phosphate
b)
ATP molecule
c)
cAMP
d)
GTP
88.
This is an example of
a)
paracrine signaling
b)
synaptic signaling
c)
long-distance signaling
d)
all of the above
89.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response
 
II.  Amplification
 
 III.  Reception
 
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
90.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

91.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

a)

all work via protein kinases

b)

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

c)

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

d)

all work by opening ion channels

e)

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

92.

An example of LOCAL cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

93.

Name the structure labeled 'B' (see image)

a)

Post synaptic terminal

b)

Receptor

c)

Ligand

d)

Neurotransmitter

94.

The structure labeled 'E' is called _____ and is filled with ______

a)

Vacuole; lipids

b)

Synapse; neurotransmitters

c)

Membrane; lipids

d)

Vesicle; neurotransmitters

95.

An example of DISTANCE cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

96.

An example of DIRECT cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

97.

Which type of membrane protein would help intake a message from outside of the cell to inside of the cell?

a)

Receptor Protein

b)

Enzymatic Protein

c)

Channel Protein

d)

Junction Protein

e)

ATP Synthase

98.

Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands?

a)

All ligands are proteins.

b)

Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor

c)

Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell

d)

Ligands bond to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intracellular proteins.

99.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

100.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

101.

Which letter represents the secondary proteins?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

102.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

103.

Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

104.

After a ligand binds, the intracellular domain of a receptor protein changes _____, initiating transduction of the signal.

a)

color

b)

size

c)

shape

105.

Gymnema tea binds to taste receptors and blocks sugars from binding to receptors. The tea could be known as a(n) ____.

a)

activator

b)

inhibitor

c)

buffer

d)

cell

106.

Phosphorylation __________.

a)

always inactivates a protein

b)

always activates a protein

c)

can either activate or inactivate a protein

107.

What enzyme removes a phosphate group from a molecule?

a)

Kinase

b)

Catalase

c)

Phosphatase

d)

Ligase

e)

PG Polymerase

108.

What does the process of phosphorylation do?

a)

Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.

b)

Removal of a phosphate group to a molecule.

c)

Addition of Non-polar elements to a phosphate group.

d)

Removal of Hydrogen Ions from a protein.

e)

Change in pH

109.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
110.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
111.
What phases is this?
a)
Prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
112.
sequence
a)
C,D, B, A, F, E
b)
D,A,F,C,E,B
c)
B,E,C,F,A,D
d)
C,B,D,A E,F
113.
Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____
a)
obesity
b)
cancer
c)
diabetes
d)
hepatitis
114.
When a cell is not actively dividing, it is in what phase?
a)
interphase
b)
anaphase
c)
prophase
d)
telophase
115.
When a cell divides, what do we call the 2 new cells?
a)
mother cells
b)
father cells
c)
daughter cells
d)
son cells
116.
What type of cells may never undergo mitosis and make new cells?
a)
blood cells
b)
skin cells
c)
nerve cells
d)
stomach cells
117.
When you start with 1 cell, at the end of mitosis, how many identical cells will you have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
118.
Growth of new blood vessels that is a sign of a malignant tumor is called...
a)
Angiogenesis
b)
Metastasis
c)
Germline mutation
d)
Cardiovascular disease
119.
When cancer spreads to other tissues of the body, it is called...
a)
Metastasis
b)
Invasiveness
c)
Angiogenesis
d)
Chemotherapy
120.
A cancer causing agent is called a(n)...
a)
Somatic mutation
b)
Carcinogen
c)
Oncogene
d)
Germline mutation
121.
Apoptosis functions to
a)
allow proper form of developing embryos
b)
remove cells that are damaged or diseased
c)
reduce cell number
d)
all of these
122.
Chromatin material in the nucleus of a cell in interphase is _____________ chromosomes
a)
replicated
b)
divided
c)
coiled
d)
uncoiled
123.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a)
DNA replicates during cytokinesis
b)
Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases
c)
Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases
d)
The M phase is usually the longest phase
124.
The centromere is a region in which
a)
metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate.
b)
chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
c)
chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.
d)
the nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
125.
Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?
a)
G1
b)
G2
c)
S
d)
G0
126.
DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle:
a)
S
b)
G1
c)
M
d)
G2
127.
How many divisions are in mitosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
128.
Mitosis makes what type of cell?
a)
Somatic Cell
b)
Gametes
129.
The correct order of the stages of interphase is
a)
G1, G2, S, and cytokinesis
b)
G1, M, G2
c)
G1, S, G2
d)
none of these
130.
90% or more of the cell cycle is spent here.
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Anaphase
131.
The following describes _________ during mitosis. The spindle fiber splits the centromere and the chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
132.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
133.
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
a)
It divides the cell in half.
b)
It duplicates the DNA.
c)
It breaks down the nuclear membrane.
d)
It helps separate the chromosomes.
134.
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
a)
4 chromosomes
b)
2 chromosomes
c)
16 chromosomes
d)
8 chromosomes
135.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
a)
telophase
b)
prophase
c)
anaphase
d)
metaphase
136.
Homologous chromosomes are different from sister chromatids because
a)
sister chromatids contain duplicate information and are identical to each other
b)
homologous chromosomes contain information from one parent
c)
chromatids are made by editing the DNA before division
d)
all of these
137.
The nuclear membrane is not visible in which of the following phases?
a)
interphase
b)
prophase
c)
cytokinesis
d)
metaphase
138.
Which best describes the role of p53 protein in the cell cycle
a)
it makes sure organelles are properly replicated
b)
it makes sure that the cytoplasm is equally divided
c)
it make sure DNA is free of errors
d)
It makes sure the DNA is copied
139.
If the message never gets through for a cell to stop dividing and it just keeps dividing over and over again, what can form?
a)
tumor
b)
freckle
c)
goosebump
d)
scab
140.
After meiosis is complete how many cells will there be?
a)
A: chromatid
B: centromere
C: chromosome
b)
A: chromosome
B: chromatid
C: centromere
c)
A: chromosome
B: centromere
C: chromatid
d)
A: centromere
B: chromosome
C: chromatid
141.
What is the name of this phase?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
cytokinesis
d)
telphase
142.
What are these proteins structures that DNA wraps itself around? 
a)
Chromatid
b)
Centromere
c)
RNA
d)
Histones
143.
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
a)
sister chromotids
b)
centromeres
c)
homologous chromosomes
d)
autosomes
144.

Which part of the cell cycle does NOT include a checkpoint

a)

Synthesis

b)

Growth one

c)

Growth two

d)

Mitosis

145.

If a sample of human cheek cells was examined, the cells typically would have a chromosome number that is

a)

haploid; 23

b)

diploid; 23

c)

haploid; 46

d)

diploid; 46

146.

Which of the following is a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?

a)

Cdk

b)

cyclin

c)

protein kinase

d)

MPF

147.

What is the stage in the cell cycle where cells spend less than 10% of their time?

a)

interphase

b)

mitoisis

c)

meiosis

d)

prophase

148.

The causes of cancer may include which of the following?

a)

environmental influences

b)

UV radiation

c)

smoking

d)

all of these