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AP Bio - Unit 5 Heredity

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 3hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
a)
genetic linkage
b)
genetics
c)
Punnett square
d)
gene locus
2.
crossing an individual with a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive organism
a)
mono-hybrid cross
b)
di-hybrid cross
c)
phenotype cross
d)
test cross
3.
Blood type AB is an example of:
a)
epistasis
b)
codominance
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
hybrid vigor
4.
When a red and white individual produce pink offspring it is called:
a)
codominance
b)
multiple alleles
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
epistasis
5.
What would we expect to happen in a test cross which involved genes that were closely linked?
a)
There would be a higher frequency of recombination.
b)
The offspring would show more individuals that represented the parents.
c)
The offspring would less individuals that represented the parents.
d)
The genes would assort themselves as if they were on separate chromosomes.
6.
The red and blue pair of chromosomes in the bottom row are
a)
genetically identical
b)
carrying the same  genes, but different alleles
c)
carrying completely different genes
d)
carrying the same genes and the same alleles
7.
Meiosis results in ______.
a)
4 genetically distinct haploid gametes
b)
2 genetically distinct cells
c)
2 genetically identical cells
d)
4 genetically identical cells
8.
What chromosomal abnormality causes Down's Syndrome?
a)
Trisomy 47
b)
Trisomy 46
c)
Trisomy 21
d)
Trisomy 23
9.
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
a)
heredity
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
allele
10.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
11.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
12.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
13.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
14.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
15.
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
a)
21
b)
23
c)
46
d)
None of the above
16.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
17.
Asexual reproduction will result in
a)
Identical offspring to the parent
b)
Twins
c)
Meiosis
d)
Non-identical offspring to the parent
18.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
19.
What are the variations of a gene called?
a)
dominant genes
b)
progeny
c)
alleles
d)
homologues
20.
One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another  is that 
a)
they produce unrelated traits
b)
they produce related traits
c)
they are on the same chromosome
d)
they are on different chromosomes.
21.
In mice, the homozygous mice are black and white. The heterozygous mice are gray. What pattern of inheritance is expressed in fur color in mice?
a)
complete dominance and recessiveness
b)
co-dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
pleiotropy
22.
If a female was a carrier for sex-linked color blindness, what percentage of her male children would also be color blind?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
23.
Chromosomes that do NOT play a role in determining the sex of an individual are called
a)
sex chromosoems
b)
X and Y
c)
autosomes
d)
A and B are correct
24.
In a sex-linked inheritance pedigree you would expect to see
a)
more affected females
b)
all carrier males
c)
more affected males
d)
an equal number of affected males and females
25.
A person with Turner syndrome has only one X chromosome. This means one of their gametes was missing a chromosome.
Which of the following is why gametes sometimes lack a complete chromosome?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Nondisjunction
c)
Inversion mutation
d)
Substitution mutation
26.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
27.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
28.
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a)
6.
b)
12.
c)
24.
d)
3.
29.
Linked genes tend to be inherited together, like freckles and red hair, because they - - - 
a)
compliment each other well
b)
are on chromosomes close together
c)
are on the same chromosome 
d)
tend to be adaptations best suited for the environments of the organism
30.
Which genes are most likely linked?
a)
genes 1 & 2
b)
genes 2 & 3
c)
genes 3 & 4
d)
genes 1 & 4
31.
Genetic recombination is the production of offspring - - - 
a)
with new combinations of genes
b)
with similar genes as their parent
c)
that are completely different from the parents
d)
that are super cute and irresistible
32.

Why did Morgan choose fruit flies as a model organism?

a)

short life cycle

b)

few offspring

c)

little genetic variation

d)

large chromosome count

33.

A karyotype __.

a)

compares one set of chromosomes to another

b)

is a visual display of chromosomes according to size

c)

is a photograph of cells undergoing meiosis during anaphase

d)

of a normal human cell shows 48 chromosomes

e)

cannot be used to identify individual chromosomes beyond the fact that two chromosomes are homologous

34.

A woman is diagnosed to have a gene for the genetic disorder known as Huntington disease. It is a rare defect caused by an autosomal dominant allele. The chance for any one of her children to inherit the gene is __.

a)

dependent on the sex of the child

b)

1/3

c)

1/2

d)

3/4

e)

1.00 (100%)

35.

What term denotes the physical expression of a gene?

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

appearance

d)

homologous

36.

Which term refers to the allele that shows up in the phenotype of a heterozygous genotpye?

a)

invasive

b)

recessive

c)

dominant

d)

passive

37.

Which of these genotypes would most likely be used to represent the dominant for pea plant height?

a)

TT

b)

tt

c)

PP

d)

pp

38.

What organism did Mendel study?

a)

pea plants

b)

onions

c)

mice

d)

cats

39.

Which of the following laws claims that alleles will separate during meiosis, one going to half the sex cells, the other allele going to the other half.

a)

Law of Domination

b)

Law of Segregation

c)

Law of Speciation

d)

Law of Genetics

40.

Which of the following laws claims that alleles will come together independently of each other in the offspring?

a)

Law of Independent Assortment

b)

Law of Probable Expression

c)

Law of Typical Collection

d)

Law of Assorted Assignment

41.

What word would be INCORRECT to describe "QQ"

a)

homozygous

b)

dominant

c)

genotype

d)

recessive

42.

Meiosis results in _____________ because there is/are _______________.

a)

2 identical haploid cells, 1 round of division

b)

4 identical diploid cells, 2 rounds of division

c)

4 unique haploid cells, 2 rounds of division

d)

2 unique diploid cells, 1 round of division

43.

This process involves homologous chromatids exchanging genetic material to increase genetic diversity.

a)

crossing over

b)

random fertilization

c)

independent assortment

d)

gene flow

44.

Snowshoe hares are brown in summer and white in winter, describe this event.

a)

Hares undergo phenotypic plasticity & environment influences gene express

b)

Hares are white in winter due to the snow binding to hair follicles

c)

Hares are brown from exposed dirt in summer

d)

Hares remain hidden in the winter months inhibiting fur darken from sun

45.

Describe the process of nondisjunction.

a)

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information

b)

The alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate

c)

Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase

d)

The process of sperm and egg fusing to create a zygote

46.

When does the process of independent assortment take place?

a)

prophase I

b)

metaphase I

c)

anaphase I

d)

telophase I

47.

When does the process of crossing over take place?

a)

prophase I

b)

metaphase I

c)

anaphase I

d)

telophase I

48.

What phase of meiosis describes the law of segregation?

a)

telophase I

b)

anaphase I

c)

telophase II

d)

anaphase II

49.

Biologists argue that when genes interact with the environment, they are "turned on" or "turned off." This process is known as

a)

The interactionist approach

b)

Gene mutation

c)

Reductionism

d)

Gene Expression

50.
A pattern of inheritance in which a trait is carried on one of the sex-determining chromosomes.
a)
Mendelian Inheritance
b)
Co-dominance
c)
Incomplete dominance
d)
Sex-linked inheritance
51.
A roan cow shows co-dominance in fur color (orange and white). What is the phenotype ratio expected if a roan cow and a roan steer mate together?
a)
4: Orange and White
b)
1: Orange : 1 White
c)
2 Orange: 2 Orange and White: 0 White
d)
1: Orange: 2 Orange and White: 1 White
52.
How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?
a)
There is no difference
b)
The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype
c)
There is no heterozygous genotype
d)
There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.
53.
The different forms of a gene are called
a)
traits
b)
pollinators
c)
alleles
d)
hybrids
54.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
55.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
56.
Hemophilia is a x-linked disorder.  A woman is a carrier for the disorder.  Which is the correct genotype?
a)
Hh
b)
XHXh
c)
hh
d)
XhXh
57.
Snap dragon color is a incomplete dominant trait.  A red flower (RR) is crossed with white flower (rr)? What color are flowers that are Rr?
a)
Red
b)
Red and White
c)
White
d)
Pink
58.
What do the shaded shapes represent?
a)
normal individuals
b)
individuals who have the trait
c)
carriers
d)
deceased
59.
AB blood type is an example of what type of inheritance?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
codominance
d)
polygenic inheritance
60.
There are many variations in skin color that can be inherited based on the combination of alleles that you inherit from your mom and dad.  This bell curve distribution is an example of
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
polygenic inheritance
61.
If this image were real, it would represent what type of inheritance?
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
polygenic inheritance
d)
compete dominance
62.
A child born with blood type O could have parents with all of the following blood types except...?
a)
iAiO and iBiO
b)
iBiO and iOiO
c)
iAiO and iAiO
d)
iAiB and iOiO
63.
What is the expected phenotypic ratio if you cross two heterozygotes for a single trait?
a)
1:1
b)
2:2
c)
3:1
d)
1:1:1:1
64.
In a pedigree  ______ are circles and organisms who express the trait under study are _______.
a)
females / not shaded in
b)
males / not shaded in
c)
females / shaded in
d)
males / shaded in
65.

If there are 2 alleles for a trait, and one has the ability to totally "cover up" the other, the one that can be "covered up" is called ________.

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Primary

d)

Genetic

66.
If you crossed two tall pea plants and 25% of the offspring are dwarf pea plants, what can you deduce about the parents genotypes?
a)
You can't tell anything for sure
b)
One of them is homozygous recessive
c)
They are both heterozygotes
d)
They express codominance
67.
Disorders on the X chromosome affect _____ at a higher frequency.
a)
males
b)
females
c)
They affect both males and females evenly
d)
none of the above
68.
Incomplete dominance results in _______
a)
Full expression of both alleles
b)
A blend of the two alleles.
c)
Expression of the more dominant trait
d)
Expression of the more recessive trait
69.
Besides genetics, what else influences an organism's phenotype?
a)
environment
b)
diet
c)
stage of the organism's life cycle
d)
all of these are true
70.
If the dominant allele is G and the recessive allele is g, an organism that is GG is called ________ while an organism that is gg is called _______.
a)
Homozygous / heterozygous
b)
Heterozygous / homozygous
c)
Homozygous / homozygous
d)
Heterozygous / heterozygous
71.
An organism with the genotype Gg will have the same phenotype as an organism with which genotype?
a)
GG
b)
gg
c)
Tt
d)
none of these are correct
72.
Codominance results in _______
a)
Full expression of both alleles
b)
A blend of the two alleles.
c)
Expression of the more dominant trait
d)
Expression of the more recessive trait
73.
If you were to cross to heterozygotes for a given trait, what is the probability of producing another heterozygote?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
74.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
BB
75.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
76.
This image shows a ________
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Genetic Tree
c)
Phylogenic Tree
d)
Pedigree
77.
How many girls in this family express this recessive disorder?
a)
4
b)
5
c)
6
d)
7
78.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Recessive inheritance
79.
If you cross a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon, only pink snapdragons will be produced.  What type of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
80.
This is an example of ___________?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
81.
Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
a)
T
b)
TT
c)
Tt
d)
tt
82.
Color-blindness in humans is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome. XC represents the gene for color-blindness. It is recessive. If a homozygous normal female and a color-blind male get married, what percentage of their sons will be color-blind, on average?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
83.
What type of phenotype is controlled by many genes?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Complete Dominance
c)
Epistasis (Polygenic Inheritance)
d)
Pleiotropy
84.
Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of
a)
genotypes
b)
phenotypes
85.
This shows...
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Codominance
c)
Sex linked traits
d)
Dominant inheritance
86.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
87.

An organism's genetic makeup or alleles.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

gene

d)

allele

88.

A trait associated with a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.

a)

sex linked

b)

polygenic

c)

multiple alleles

d)

codomiance

89.

Neither allele is dominant. Heterozygote has a blended phenotype.

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

codominance

c)

multiple alleles

d)

sex linked

90.

Different types of _______ inheritance patterns include incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic, and sex-linked.

a)

Non-Mendelian

b)

Mendelian

91.

Blood type in humans has three alelles: A, B, and O. A and B are both dominant to O. Therefore, there are two ways to have Type A blood:

a)

AA and AO

b)

BB and BO

c)

AB and AA

d)

AB and BB

92.

Which of the following is an example of an allele?

a)

BB

b)

A

c)

Blonde Hair

d)

XCXc

e)

BbGGaaCc

93.

Traits like Multiple Allele Traits, Codominance, Sex-linked Genetics, polygenic traits, incomplete penetrance, pleiotropy, etc are known as ______________.

a)

Non-Mendelian Genetics

b)

Mendelian Genetics

94.
Haploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
1/2 n
d)
4n
95.
During meiosis I, what happens? 
a)
Sister chromatids are split
b)
Homologous chromosomes are split
c)
Four cells are created
d)
None of the other choices are correct
96.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
97.
You inherited...
a)
most of your chromosomes from your mother
b)
most of your chromosomes from your father
c)
a random number of chromosomes from each parent
d)
half your chromosomes from your mother and half from your father.
98.
When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.
a)
tetrad
b)
triad
c)
diploid
d)
gamete
99.
Another name for a sex cell is a:
a)
gamete
b)
embryo
c)
bone cell
d)
muscle cell
100.
After meiosis is complete, the new cells:
a)
are all identical
b)
are all different
c)
are half identical and half different
d)
are all stretched out
101.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
102.
What is shown here? why is it important?
a)
crossing over - increases diversity
b)
nondisjunction - increases diversity
c)
crossing over - decreases diversity
d)
nondisjunction - decreases diversity
103.
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a)
6.
b)
12.
c)
24.
d)
3.
104.
Gametes are produced by the process of
a)
meiosis.
b)
mitosis.
c)
replication.
d)
crossing-over.
105.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a)
2N daughter cells.
b)
haploid cells.
c)
body cells.
d)
diploid cells.
106.
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
a)
a somatic cell of a female.
b)
a somatic cell of a male.
c)
an egg.
d)
a sperm.
107.
Mitosis makes what type of cell?
a)
Somatic Cell
b)
Gametes
108.
What's the term call when chromosomes don't seperate correctly during meiosis? 
a)
Cancer
b)
Nondisjunction
c)
Euploidy
d)
Monosomy 
109.
What is the term that reffers to an individual who has an extra chromosome for an homologous pair?
a)
Monosomy
b)
Trisomy
c)
Nondisjunction
d)
Cancer
110.

Meiosis results in _____.

a)

4 haploid daughter cells

b)

2 diploid daughter cells

c)

2 haploid daughter cells

d)

4 diploid daughter cells

111.

When does crossing over occur?

a)

Telophase 1

b)

Prophase 1

c)

Prophase 2

d)

Metaphase 2

e)

Anaphase 2

112.

This karyotype is taken from a ___________.

a)

average female

b)

average male

c)

male with Klinefelter's syndrome

d)

female with Turner's syndrome

113.

This karyotype is taken from a ________.

a)

female with Turner's syndrome

b)

male with Down's syndrome

c)

female with Down's syndrome

d)

average female

114.

A pair of sex chromosomes that consists of XX is a __________________.

a)

Male

b)

Female

115.

Chromosomes 1-22 are ________ because they have genes for the same traits in both males and females

a)

homozygous chromosomes

b)

homologous chromosomes

c)

sex chromosomes

d)

autosomes

116.

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a X chromosome is

a)

a somatic cell.

b)

an egg or sperm cell.

c)

an egg.

d)

a sperm.

117.

A human zygote typically has _____ chromosomes inside.

a)

46

b)

23

c)

92

d)

64

118.

If there are 50 chromatids in a cell in G1 phase, how many centromeres are there?

a)

100

b)

10

c)

50

d)

25

e)

Need more information

119.

In the Figure above, the cell is in prophase I or meiosis. In this stage, homologous chromosomes form ___ and exchange genetic material by ___.

a)

tetrads; crossing over

b)

triads; crossing over

c)

tetrads; independent assortment

d)

triads; independent assortment

120.

Homologous Chromosomes align during Metaphase I of Meiosis. The position of the chromosomes from your father and mother are random though. (Blue for father, red for mother). This random orientation of the chromosomes is called what?

a)

Crossing Over

b)

Independent Assortment

c)

Mitosis

d)

Haploid

e)

Diploid

121.

During anaphase II _______.

a)

chromatids are pulled apart

b)

homologs separate

c)

new nuclei form around chromosomes

d)

the nucleus breaks down

122.

If there are 50 chromatids in a cell in G2 phase, how many centromeres are there? (Remember, there is only one interphase during meiosis)

a)

100

b)

10

c)

50

d)

25

e)

Need more information

123.

What are alleles?

a)

different forms of the same gene

b)

an alternate step of the cell cycle

c)

body cells

d)

another name for gametes

124.

The two ways to increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and ________.

a)

Synapsis

b)

Tetrad

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Gameiosis

125.

Diploid Cells are represented by

a)

2n

b)

n

c)

0n

d)

0.5n

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