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Envronmental Science Final review

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 3hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
2.
What is a hypothesis?
a)
A hypothesis is the right answer to an experiment.
b)
A hypothesis is the wrong answer to an experiment.
c)
A hypothesis is an educated guess.
d)
I don't know.
3.

Dependent variable is ________________________.

a)

the scientist controls what to test

b)

educated guess

c)

ask a question

d)

what is being measured

4.
The variable that affects the dependent variable is called the _________ variable.
a)
dependent
b)
optional
c)
independent
d)
scientific
5.
If I study for my scientific method quiz, then I will have a better test score. What is the dependent variable?
a)
Scientific Method
b)
Studying
c)
Independent variable
d)
Test score
6.

A student is studying the effect of sunlight on plants. The student developed this hypothesis: If plants need light to make food and to grow properly, then they should receive at least 8 hours of light every day.


To conduct a controlled experiment, how should she design it?

a)

Choose two identical plants; put one in the dark and one near sunlight; use the same amount of water; water both regularly

b)

Choose a healthy plant; put it in a dark place; use clean water; water the plant regularly.

c)

Choose two identical plants; put each in the dark for 12 hours and then light for 12 hours; use the same amount of water; water both regularly.

d)

Choose three identical plants; put one in the dark, one near sunlight, and one in the shade, water only the plant in light.

7.

The process of gathering information using your five senses is _______.

a)

analyzing

b)

hypothesizing

c)

inferring

d)

observation

8.

Look at this flow chart of the scientific method.

What should you do if your experiment's results and data do NOT support your hypothesis?


Check all the choices that identify what you should do. (There is more than one correct answer.)

a)

Use your experimental data as background research for a new or future project.

b)

Change your data and communicate the results.

c)

Ask a new question, write a new hypothesis, and conduct a new experiment.

d)

"Troubleshoot" your procedures. Did you make any mistakes in how you performed the experiment?

9.

A possible explanation for why something happens is called ___.

a)

a variable

b)

an experiment

c)

a hypothesis

d)

an assumption

10.
The abbreviation for gram is...
a)
G
b)
gg
c)
g
11.
What type of graph is this?
a)
Line Graph
b)
Pictograph
c)
Bar Graph
d)
Histogram
12.
This part of the Earth System includes all living things, including plants and animals.
a)
Geosphere
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Hydrosphere
d)
Biosphere
13.
This picture best describes which connection?
a)
Atmosphere-Biosphere
b)
Atmosphere-Biosphere
c)
Hydrosphere-Geosphere
d)
Geosphere-Biosphere
14.
Where does the carbon come from that plants use?
a)
Animals
b)
Water
c)
Air
d)
Connecticut
15.
What are the four most important materials needed by living organisms?
a)
water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
b)
water, food, oxygen, carbon
c)
water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous
d)
water, carbon, food, phosphorous
16.
The conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas is called what?
a)
nitrification
b)
renitrification
c)
denitrification
d)
unnitrification
17.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
18.
Where do animals get nitrogen from?
a)
from the soil
b)
directly from the air
c)
from water they drink
d)
from plants they eat
19.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
20.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
21.
Which animal is the apex predator?
a)
hawk
b)
lizard
c)
snake
d)
grass
22.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
23.
All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
24.
An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
a)
Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Decomposer
d)
Detriov
25.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A species that helps to hold an ecosystem together

b)

A species that lives in or around rocks

c)

Keys and stones have nothing to do with ecology

d)

A keystone isn't a living thing, it's just a stone

26.
Use the diagram to answer the question.
The trout is a source of food for the human and the eagle. When there are more than one organism vying for the same source we call this____?
a)
Population
b)
Resources
c)
Community
d)
Competition
27.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
carbon dioxide + water --> oxygen + glucose
b)
carbon dioxide + glucose + water --> oxygen 
c)
oxygen + water --> carbon dioxide + glucose
d)
glucose+ oxygen ---> water + carbon dioxide 
28.

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

a)

the same species in a general location

b)

the number of different species in a given area

c)

the number of animal species in a given area

d)

the number of plant species in a given area

29.

Succession that occurs in areas that previously didn't support life, such as on rocks or ice

a)

tangential succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

quaternary succession

30.

Why were wolves absent from Yellowstone from the 1920's to 1995?

a)

There was no prey available, so they starved.

b)

When all the elk died, the wolves moved to Canada.

c)

Humans hunted and killed all the wolves in Yellowstone and the surrounding area.

d)

The wolves migrated south to Texas for a warmer climate.

31.

Which does NOT represent a food chain in Yellowstone National Park?

a)

grasses --> elk --> wolves

b)

grasses --> elk --> eagles

c)

berry bushes --> elk --> bears

d)

berry bushes --> elk --> rabbits

32.

Ostriches and Gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different, they can each identify threats the other animal would not as readily see. What type of interaction is this?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

33.

2. Which organism is a tertiary consumer?

a)

owl

b)

snake

c)

bluebird

d)

grass

34.

7. What is the tropic level of the mushroom?

a)

Tertiary consumer

b)

producer

c)

apex predator

d)

decomposer

35.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
36.
What is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
volunteer species
c)
founder species
d)
conqueror species
37.
Succession type?
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
tertiary succession
d)
variable succession
38.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
39.
1. What makes a species invasive?
a)
Moving to a new ecosystem and taking resources from natives 
b)
Not having papers
c)
Species that can't adapt
d)
Plants that take up too much space
40.
A species that is not native to an area is called: 
a)
Native Species
b)
Natural Species
c)
Invasive Species
d)
Symbiotic Species
41.

What is species diversity?

a)

the different animals in an area

b)

the different habitats in an area

c)

the different plants in an area

d)

the different living things (plants and animals) in an area

42.

A chemical mixture of emulsifiers and solvents that helps break oil into small droplets to spread out throughout the entire water column of the ocean is called...

a)

contaminants

b)

dispersants

c)

cleaners

d)

petroleum

e)

polymers

43.

Define the term "deposition"

a)

The building up of land through deposits of sand and other materials

b)

The destruction of sand and other materials

c)

The dumping of sand and minerals on a coastline

d)

The destruction of coastlines

44.

A population of rabbits grows rapidly from one year to the next. Then one year, a disease strikes approximately one fourth of the adult rabbits. The disease remains with the population in the years that follow.

As explained by Darwin’s theory, which of these conditions allows the rabbit population to evolve by natural selection?

a)

The disease affects adult and juvenile rabbits equally.

b)

The disease reduces the ability of the rabbits to reproduce.

c)

Some rabbits are resistant to the disease, and they pass the resistance to their offspring.

d)

No rabbits are resistant to the disease, and all die when the disease strikes them.

45.

The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.

Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in the distribution?

a)

A new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.

b)

A new predator arrived that preferred light-tan crabs.

c)

A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.

d)

A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.

46.

Grass plants in a population range in height from 6 cm to 25 cm. The short plants receive little sunlight, and the tall plants are eaten by grazing animals. Which statement best describes the effect of natural selection on the grasses?

a)

Because average height grass plants are favored, stabilizing natural selection is occurring.

b)

Because average height grass plants are favored, disruptive natural selection is occurring.

c)

Because tall grass plants are favored by the animals that eat grass, directional selection is occurring.

d)

Because short and tall grass plants are favored, normal natural selection is occurring.

47.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
48.

Things in the environment that challenge a species existence. Ex: Over-Population, shortage of food, disease, predators, harsh environmental conditions…

a)

Adaptation

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Genetic Variation

d)

Limiting Factors

49.

Organisms that are best suited to an environment will survive and reproduce.

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Genetic Variation

d)

Limiting Factors

50.

Which statement about oil spills is CORRECT?

a)

Pollution always stays in one place because it can’t move to new areas.

b)

Plants don’t get sick from pollution.

c)

If water gets polluted, all of the animals that live there will find a new place to live.

d)

If water gets polluted, fish and plants will get sick.

51.

Which landform is produced at location E where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico?

a)

delta

b)

drumlin

c)

tributary

d)

floodplain

52.

In a dead zone, _________ levels are really low such that living organisms are not able survive.

a)

nitrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

fertilizer

d)

carbon dioxide

53.

An increase in the amount of nutrients in a lake is known as

a)

calcification

b)

cellular respiration

c)

eutrophication

d)

photosynthesis

54.

Which is the correct order of events in eutrophication?

a)

nutrient input, fish die-off, algae bloom

b)

nutrient input, algae bloom, fish die-off

c)

fish die-off, algae bloom, nutrient input

d)

algae bloom, fish die-off, nutrient input

55.

The resource that organisms compete for in a dead zone is

a)

phytoplankton

b)

algae

c)

decomposer

d)

oxygen

56.

What are the two major elements that cause the Dead Zones

a)

oxygen and water

b)

hydrogen and oxygen

c)

Nitrogen and phosphorus

d)

Chlorine and calcium

57.

Why are is Louisiana losing land in South La. Pick all that apply

a)

The land is sinking.

b)

The land is rising.

c)

The land is washing away.

d)

New silt is not coming from the rivers.

58.

The marshes and estuaries along the Louisiana coast are shrinking because of Pick all that apply

a)

sea level rising

b)

subsidence

c)

over fishing in the gulf.

d)

salt water intrusion

59.
What is the carrying capacity of the following graph?
a)
1000
b)
8000
c)
800
d)
600
60.
The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same resource
a)
Predator
b)
Prey
c)
Competition
d)
Adaptation
61.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
62.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
63.
__________ is an organism that eats BOTH plants and animals for energy.
a)
Omnivore
b)
Darnivore
c)
Carnivore
d)
Herbiovre
64.
An animal that eats other animals is a....
a)
carnivore
b)
omnivore
c)
herbivore
d)
decomposer
65.
Which is an example of an ABIOTIC factor?
a)
hummingbird
b)
water
c)
dead tree branch
d)
skunk
66.
All of the living AND non-living things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an __________.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
67.

b

a)

exponential growth

b)

growth slows

c)

growth stops

d)

growth begins

68.

The image shows a _________ distribution

a)

clumped

b)

uniform

c)

random

69.

How is climate change affecting biodiversity?

a)

increase in biodiversity

b)

decrease in biodiversity

c)

no change in biodiversity

d)

has no effect on biodiversity

70.
If a disease destroying barley plants in a field swept through an ecosystem, what would happen to the barley eating bird population in the the field ?
a)
The bird population would stay the same
b)
The bird population would infinitely increase
c)
The bird population would decrease
71.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
72.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
73.

Why are bees considered a keystone species?

a)

The honey they make supports the bear population

b)

They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem

c)

They sting when threatened

d)

They live in hives

74.

A ship was involved in an accident. You notice that it has spilled oil into the ocean. What is the FIRST thing you would do prevent further damage to the environment?

a)

Use a material to contain the oil so it doesn't spread.

b)

Use an absorbent material to soak up the oil.

c)

Use a tool to scoop up the oil.

d)

Spread out the oil so it isn't in one spot.

75.

Sediment is deposited in a river delta because the

a)

velocity of the river decreases

b)

force of gravity decreases

c)

volume of the river increases

d)

gradient of the river increases

76.

At which point does the greatest stream erosion occur?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

77.
What are areas where freshwater meets saltwater called?
a)
wetlands
b)
estuaries
c)
coastal byways
d)
intertidal zones
78.

Which of the following are producers in the food web?

a)

Phytoplankton and seaweed

b)

Phytoplankton and zooplankton

c)

Squid and Elephant Seal

d)

Seaweed and Crabs

79.
A wetland is like a sponge because it
a)
absorbs flood water
b)
cleans water
c)
provides habitat
d)
filters water

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