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Biology II Midterm Review

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The longest phase of the cell cycle 
a)
prophase
b)
interphase
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
2.
Identify the phase of mitosis
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
3.
The structures that hold together sister chromatids
a)
tissues
b)
chromosomes
c)
spindle
d)
centromeres
4.
The type(s) of cells that NEVER divide and stay in Go of interphase are
a)
a. blood
b)
b. skin
c)
c. nerve
d)
both a & c
5.
Which is Interphase?
a)
A
b)
C
c)
D
d)
F
6.
The cell cycle is essential to life because it
a)
contains 4 stages for gametes
b)
makes identical copies of somatic cells
c)
controls cell functions
d)
provides energy for the cells
7.
Name the structure that forms at the end of telophase in a plant cell
a)
Cell wall
b)
Cleavage Furrow
c)
Cell Plate
d)
Spindle fibers
8.
Which of the following terms means cytoplasmic division?
a)
interphase
b)
mitosis
c)
cytokinesis
d)
cell cycle
9.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephaseddddduuu
10.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
11.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
12.
Non-cancerous tumors are called _____. Cancerous tumors are called _____.
a)
metastatic ; malignant
b)
malignant ; benign
c)
benign ; malignant
d)
benign ; metastatic
13.
Cancer is best and fully described by ...
a)
Uncontrolled cell division 
b)
Cells which grow normally but no longer function correctly
c)
Cells which have lost the ability to reproduce
d)
Cells which create abnormal tissues
14.
Which of the following is not a part of interphase?
a)
G2
b)
M
c)
G1
d)
S
15.
During mitosis,
a)
the cell divides
b)
the nucleus divides
c)
the cytoplasm divides
16.
Cells spend the majority of their lifes in
a)
interphase
b)
M
c)
S
d)
G2
17.
The uncontrolled division of cells that results in malignant growth 
a)
tissues
b)
cancer
c)
mitosis
d)
anaphase
18.
The part of the cell cycle that divides the cytoplasm of the cell
a)
Synthesis Phase
b)
G1 Phase
c)
G2 Phase
d)
Cytokinesis
19.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.
a)
Growth
b)
Recovering from injuries
c)
Replacement of dead cells
d)
Reproducing
20.
DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
G0
21.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
22.
A tumor is a....
a)
mass of DNA
b)
mass of normal cells
c)
mass of damaged cells
d)
mass of blue cells
23.

Spindle fibers attach themselves to what part of the chromatids when pulling them apart?

a)

kinetochore

b)

Centriole

c)

Centrosome

d)

Centromere

24.
A single copy of a replicated chromosome, while attached to its duplicate, is called a ____________.
a)
Chromosome
b)
Chromatin
c)
Chromatid
d)
Sister chromatids
25.
What term is given to uncondensed DNA?
a)
Chromosome
b)
Chromatids
c)
Chromatin
d)
Sister chromatids
26.
During what phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
27.
During what phase of mitosis would you see sister chromatids lined up along the cell’s equatorial plane?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
28.
Which of the following are reasons the cells of your body might divide?
a)
growth
b)
repair of damaged cells
c)
replacement of dying cells.
d)
All of the above
29.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
30.
In the G1 stage of the cell cycle, the cell ... 
a)
Grows
b)
Makes organelles
c)
Carries on normal activities
d)
All of the above
31.
In the S stage of interphase _______________
a)
the cell grows
b)
the nucleus divides
c)
the cell membrane divides
d)
the DNA is replicated
32.
A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis.  How many chromosomes will the cells have after mitosis.
a)
12
b)
23
c)
46
d)
92
33.
In which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
34.
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes first condense (become visible)?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
35.
In mitosis we begin with ____ cell and end with 2 __________ cells.
a)
one, identical
b)
one, different
c)
two, identical
d)
two, different
36.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
a)
S phase
b)
G1 phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Interphase
37.
What is the difference between metaphase and anaphase?
a)
Metaphase is after anaphase
b)
Anaphase has chromosomes lining up and metaphase has them split apart
c)
Metaphase has chromosomes lining up and anaphase has them split apart
d)
Anaphase is after metaphase
38.

Circular arrangement of actin filaments that pinch a cell inward

a)

Metaphase Plate

b)

Microtubules

c)

Centrosome

d)

Centrioles

e)

Cleavage Furrow

39.
How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
a)
Cytokinesis only takes place in animal cells.
b)
Cytokinesis only takes place in plant cells.
c)
Plant cells form a cell plate, animal cells form a cleavage furrow.
d)
Animal cells form a cell plate, plant cells form a cleavage furrow.
40.

Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____

a)

obesity

b)

cancer

c)

diabetes

d)

hepatitis

41.

What is cancer?

a)

A group of diseases characterized by no cell growth

b)

A group of diseases caused by the failure of chromosomes to separate

c)

A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

d)

A group of diseases caused by excessive replication of chromosomes

42.

While in the womb, the webbed fingers of the embryo undergo programmed cell death, also known as

a)

apoptosis

b)

cytokinesis

c)

carcinogen

d)

stem cells

43.
________________is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle
a)
Metastasis
b)
Checkpoint
c)
Malignant
d)
Benign
44.
Cancer that has the ability to spread 
a)
somatic
b)
benign
c)
malignant
d)
diploid
45.
Which of these is a risk factor for developing cancer? 
a)
growing older
b)
genetic inheritance
c)
exposure to carcinogens (toxins that can damage DNA)
d)
all of the above
46.
The normal function of a tumor suppressor gene is 
a)
to produce growth signals
b)
to code for proteins that inhibit, or slow, cell division
c)
to cause the cell to move faster through the cell cycle
d)
to attack cancer cells in the body
47.

Halts cell division if it detects damaged DNA; can either fix, force G0 , or apoptosis.

a)

RAS

b)

MPF

c)

PDGF

d)

p53

48.

Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.

a)

growth factor

b)

human growth hormone

c)

cancer

d)

tumor

49.

Which cancer mutation is similar to the brakes of a car

a)

Tumor Suppressor genes

b)

Proto-oncogenes

50.

Which Cancer mutation would be similar to the gas pedal of a car causing the cell cycle to constantly be running

a)

Proto-oncogenes

b)

Tumor Suppressor genes

51.

Normal cells become cancer when

a)

regulation of cell growth and division occurs

b)

cells do not respond to checkpoints of the cell cycle

c)

cells respond to control mechanisms

d)

cell pass through G1

52.
The spreading of cancer cells through the circulatory system (blood vessels) and lymph nodes) that allows tumors to grow in other organs
a)
Benign
b)
Malignant
c)
Metastasis
d)
checkpoint
53.

What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle?

a)

Mitosis checkpoint

b)

G1 checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

54.
p53 activates which of the following?
a)
Tumor suppressor genes
b)
cell cycle
c)
DNA repair proteins
d)
uncontrolled cell division
55.
This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure the correct number of chromosomes are present and attached to microtubules.
a)
G1 Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
M Checkpoint
d)
I Checkpoint
56.

Which of the following is characteristic of a malignant rather than a benign tumour?

a)

Develops a blood supply.

b)

Undergoes metastasis.

c)

Cells divide an unlimited number of times.

d)

Grows without needing a growth signal.

57.

Cyclins are expressed evenly throughout the cell cycle.

a)

True

b)

False

58.
A parent cell has 12 chromosomes. How many does each daughter cell have? 
a)
6
b)
12
c)
24
d)
none of these
59.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
60.
Which statement correctly describes meiosis?
a)
Cells divide only once.
b)
Meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells.
c)
The cells produced at the end of meiosis are genetically identical to the parent cell.
d)
The cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
61.
Which best describes the process shown?
a)
nondisjunction
b)
mitosis
c)
independent assortment
d)
crossing over
62.
If an intestinal cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain ____ chromosomes.
a)
3
b)
6
c)
12
d)
24
63.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
64.
The result of meiosis is ______.
a)
two diploid cells
b)
two haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
four haploid cells
65.
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? 
a)
It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism. 
b)
It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
c)
It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
d)
It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
66.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
67.
In meiosis, the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cell is:
a)
46
b)
92
c)
22
d)
23
68.
Chromosomes that have corresponding traits from the opposite sex parent are called:
a)
Heterogeneous chromosomes
b)
homologous chromosomes
c)
Mother and Father chromosomes
d)
Grandmother and grandfather chromosomes
69.
Why is sexual reproduction better than asexual reproduction?
a)
It gives an advantage to organisms to be different than the rest, if the environment changes.
b)
It is better for all organisms to be the same.
c)
It happens faster.
d)
It helps skin cells divide faster to heal wounds.
70.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many
71.
Why do we need meiosis?
a)
To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
b)
To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
c)
To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
d)
To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
72.

Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?

a)

A. two stages of cell division

b)

B. replication of cellular genetic material

c)

C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

d)

D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell

73.

Which of the following describes meiosis?

a)

Cell division--creates new body cells

b)

Cell division--creates gametes(sex cells)

74.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
75.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
76.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
77.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
Anaphase I
78.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Telophase II
79.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Metaphase II
b)
Telophase I
c)
Telophase II
d)
Metaphase I
80.
What phases is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Anaphase II
d)
Interphase I
81.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase I
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
 Metaphase I
82.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase II
b)
Anaphase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Interphase I
83.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Telophase II
d)
Anaphase I
84.
What phase is this?
a)
Interphase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
85.
Each body cell in an erthworm contains 36 chromosomes.  HOw many chromosomes are in each of its gametes?
a)
54
b)
36
c)
72
d)
18
86.
Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes?
a)
an egg cell with 46 chromosomes
b)
a liver cell with 23 chromosomes
c)
a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes
d)
a blood cell with 46 chromosomes
87.
Which of the following best describes neiosis?
a)
It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord
b)
It is the 1st stage of mitosis
c)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism
d)
it is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement
88.

Apoptosis is

a)

the process of programmed cell death

b)

the process of programmed cell growth

c)

the process of programmed cell birth

d)

the process of programmed cell regulation

89.

Cyclin is a family of proteins that regulates what?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Cell Cycle

d)

Interphase

90.

Which type of tumor causes more damage?

a)

malignant

b)

benign

c)

premalignant

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