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Coasts and Mineral Cycles

Total questions: 148

Worksheet time: 5hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Water ________ heavier sediment first
a)
particles
b)
waves
c)
depositis
2.
A glacier is a mass of ________ that covers a large area and moves slowly
a)
ice
b)
water
c)
waves
3.
Sand dunes normally shift position through the action of
a)
Wind
b)
Rivers
c)
Earthquakes
4.
A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?
a)
Warm air melted the rock.
b)
Sun rays evaporated the rock.
c)
Ocean waves washed away rock.
d)
Plant roots pushed away the rock.
5.
What type of erosion causes landslides
a)
wind
b)
waves
c)
water
d)
gravity
6.

The erosional landform above is a

a)

alluvial fan

b)

talus hill

c)

mesa

d)

cinder cone

7.

What type of changes does erosion cause?

a)

Physical changes

b)

Chemical changes

c)

Electrical changes

d)

Magnetic changes

8.

Erosion occurs when natural forces alter the landscape. What does it mean to alter a landscape?

a)

To blow dust around

b)

To change what land looks like

c)

To deposit silt at the mouth of a river

d)

To create a floodplain

9.

Which rock is known to dissolve in water?

a)

Sulfur

b)

Granite

c)

Limestone

10.

Run- off is when rain soaks into the ground

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Deposits at the end of a river form a ________________

a)

mouth

b)

source

c)

delta

12.

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake is called a...

a)

sea cave

b)

mountain

c)

delta

13.
Through this process sediments are dropped by erosion agents as they lose energy. 
a)
Deposition
b)
Deflation
c)
Eskers
d)
Dust Storms
14.
This occurs as gravity moves materials down a slope as one large mass. 
a)
Hurricanes
b)
Mudflows
c)
Abrasions
d)
Mass movement
15.
This the term for when material slips down a curved surface as one large mass. 
a)
Dump
b)
Plump
c)
Slump
d)
Frump
16.
Sediments slowly shift downhill in the process of ________.
a)
Scrabble
b)
Lurk
c)
Tiptoe
d)
Creep
17.
____________ and rock slides occur when rocks break off or slip suddenly downhill. 
a)
Rock bands
b)
Rockfalls
c)
Rock operas
d)
Rocky roads
18.
A ___________ is a thick mixture of water and sediments flowing downhill. 
a)
Creep
b)
Mudflow
c)
Moraine
d)
Root beer float
19.
Sometimes builders and residents make slopes more unstable by making them ___________.
a)
Taller
b)
Smaller
c)
Steeper
d)
Longer
20.
Another source of instability is the removal of _________.
a)
The sun
b)
Slump
c)
People
d)
Vegetation
21.
How do slump and creep differ?
a)
Slump occurs faster
b)
Creep occurs faster
c)
They're the same thing
d)
Creep is a person
22.
A ________ is a large mass of ice and snow slowly moving on land. 
a)
Fjord
b)
Glacier
c)
Loess
d)
Creep
23.
As glaciers move they pick up boulders, gravel and sand in a process called ________.
a)
Abrasion
b)
Moving
c)
Sliding
d)
Plucking
24.
Dragged rock fragments leave scars on bedrock called ________.
a)
Scars
b)
Stripes
c)
Grooves
d)
Tattoos 
25.
_______________ are shallower scars on bedrock. 
a)
Striations
b)
Stripes
c)
Chevrons
d)
Light scars
26.
As glaciers melts they leave behind _______, a mixture of different sized sediments.
a)
Grill
b)
Till
c)
Bill
d)
Spill
27.
A __________ is a ridge, or pile, of deposit left at the end of a glacier. 
a)
Noraine
b)
Boraine
c)
Moraine
d)
Loraine
28.
____________ is material deposited in layers by the meltwater of a glacier. 
a)
Backwash
b)
Inwash
c)
Outwash
d)
Mouthwash
29.
An ________ us a type of outwash deposit formed as meltwater rivers within the ice deposit sand and gravel. 
a)
Moraine
b)
Loess
c)
Till
d)
Esker
30.
Periods of widespread glaciation over the last 2-3 million years are known as _________. 
a)
Stone ages
b)
Ice ages
c)
Chilly ages
d)
Rock of ages
31.
________ are bowl shaped basins in the sides of mountains, created by valley glaciers. 
a)
Esker
b)
Arete
c)
Horns 
d)
Cirques
32.
________ form when two valley glaciers erode a mountain side-by-side. 
a)
Arete
b)
Cirque
c)
Horn
d)
Esker
33.
Glacially eroded valleys have this kind of shape.
a)
T
b)
Q
c)
V
d)
U
34.
___________ can scatter dust or volcanic ash over thousands of kilometers. 
a)
Dust storms
b)
Wind erosion
c)
Sandstorms
d)
Thunderstorms
35.
This removes small particles of loose sediment, leaving behind heavier materials. 
a)
Abrasion
b)
Loess
c)
Deflation
d)
Sandstorms
36.
Wind behaves like a sandblaster wearing down rocks and pitting them in a process called _____________.
a)
Scratching
b)
Eroding
c)
Plucking
d)
Abrasion
37.
___________ occur when winds blow dry topsoil from open fields, overgrazed areas, or places with little or no vegetation. 
a)
Top soil forms
b)
Sandstorms
c)
Loess storms
d)
Dust storms
38.
Deflation and abrasion happen most often in areas where there is little _____________ to hold sediments in place. 
a)
Vegetation
b)
Water
c)
People
d)
Loess
39.
When strong winds blow in the deserts, beaches or dry riverbeds, an airborne sand cloud or _______ occurs. 
a)
Dust storm
b)
Sandstorm
c)
Sandy dust storm
d)
Dusty sandstorm
40.
_____________ are rows of trees that can slow down wind, reducing erosion. 
a)
Windbreaks
b)
Tree farms
c)
Wind traps
d)
Christmas tree farms
41.
Fine grained sediments known as ________ helped form fertile soil fields in the Midwestern United States. 
a)
Sand 
b)
Dust farms
c)
Deposition
d)
Loess
42.
A mound of sediments drifted by the wind is called a ________.
a)
Pile
b)
Dune
c)
Arete
d)
Dust storm
43.
The more gently sloping side of a dune faces the ______. 
a)
West
b)
North 
c)
Wind
d)
Air
44.
This is the wearing away and moving of surfaces materials by gravity, water, wind or glaciers.
a)
Loess
b)
Erosion
c)
Glaciers
d)
The environment
45.

What is erosion?

a)

a process that wears away surface material

b)

wind currents in the upper atmosphere

c)

ocean currents near the surface

d)

a process of mountain building

46.

Which force causes erosion to occur?

a)

nuclear

b)

electrical

c)

gravity

d)

magnetic

47.

Sand on a streambed is an example of ___________.

a)

weathering

b)

slumping

c)

rock formation

d)

deposition

48.

Slumps, creeps, rockfalls, rock slides, and mudflows are examples of __________.

a)

erosion from wind

b)

deposition

c)

mass movement

d)

soil formation

49.

What is the main difference between a creep and a slump?

a)

the direction along a slope that the movement occurs

b)

the type of material that is moved

c)

the speed at which the movement occurs

d)

the distance over which the material is moved

50.

What effect does vegetation have on erosion?

a)

it speeds erosion up

b)

it increases the possibility of mass movement

c)

it resists erosion

d)

it has no effect whatsoever

51.

All glaciers __________.

a)

are found near the north pole

b)

move quickly

c)

melted at the end of the last ice age

d)

move under their own weight

52.

What is plucking?

a)

when rocks, gravel, and sand are moved by a glacier

b)

when wind erosion moves large objects

c)

when water in a stream causes rocks to move downhill

d)

when a glacier pulls a tree from its roots

53.

What is till?

a)

large pieces of glacier sediment

b)

a mixture of different-sized glacier sediment

c)

small pieces of glacier sediment

d)

grooves left in the land from a glacier

54.

In an outwash deposit, which types of sediment drops first?

a)

smallest

b)

medium-sized

c)

all are dropped at the same time

d)

largest

55.

Which is not a glacial deposit?

a)

esker

b)

delta

c)

moraine

d)

outwash

56.

What type of glacier is Antarctica covered with?

a)

valley

b)

flat

c)

smooth

d)

continental

57.

What type of valleys are made by valley glaciers?

a)

V-shaped

b)

flat

c)

streambed

d)

U-shaped

58.

How is wind different from other erosional forces?

a)

wind only moves sediment over small areas

b)

wind does not shape the land

c)

wind does not move heavy objects

d)

wind is not strong

59.

How does wind abrasion work?

a)

sediment is blown off a surface from wind

b)

wind-blown sediment strikes a surface

c)

wind blows large chunks of rock off a surface

d)

sediment falls off of a surface on its own

60.

Which type of windstorm requires the weakest wind?

a)

sandstorm

b)

gravel storm

c)

dust storm

d)

tornado

61.

Which type of land suffers the least from wind erosion?

a)

desert

b)

forest

c)

beach

d)

plowed fields

62.

How do roots stop erosion?

a)

they lock wind from the soil

b)

the loosen soil

c)

the lift up sediment

d)

the hold sediment into place

63.

Which sediment has the smallest grain?

a)

dust

b)

gravel

c)

sand

d)

loess

64.

Which causes dunes to form?

a)

glacial deposits

b)

mountain building

c)

wind

d)

deposits from streams

65.

____________ happens when wave energy is low.

a)

Erosion

b)

Transportation

c)

Deposition

66.

Deposition is...

a)

... the wearing away of the land.

b)

... the movement of sediment from one location to another.

c)

... the accumulation (build up) of sediment.

67.

The diagram shows the process of longshore drift. Why do the wave swashes approach the beach at an angle?

a)

Gravity

b)

Wind direction

c)

The moon

68.

The diagram shows the process of longshore drift. Why does backwash run down the beach at an 90°?

a)

Gravity

b)

Wind direction

c)

The moon

69.

This is an example of a (a)   .

70.

This example is (a)   Point in North East England.

71.

A good example of a bar is (a)   Bar near Porthleven in Cornwall.

72.

What type of habitat forms behind a spit?

a)

Pond

b)

Lagoon

c)

Salt Marsh

73.

The body of water trapped by a bar is called what?

a)

Pond

b)

Lagoon

c)

Salt Marsh

74.

Spits, bars and tombolos are formed when the coastline changes _____________, but longshore drift continues.

a)

direction

b)

height

c)

rock type

75.

A tombolo, such as at St Ninian's in the Shetland Isles, is a beach the joins the mainland to an (a)   .

76.

Mushroom rocks are found in.

(a)  

77.

Ox bow lakes are found in river

(a)  

78.

------- are “rivers” of ice.

(a)  

79.

The highest waterfall is----- Falls of Venezuela in--------- America.

(a)  

80.

Sudden movements in the earth interior are cause due to ----------

(a)  

81.

The molten magma inside the earth moves in a circular manner.

a)

true

b)

false

82.

Beach is an erosional feature of sea waves.

a)

true

b)

false

83.

Moraine is a depositional feature of a glacier.

a)

true

b)

false

84.

Volcano is caused by the sudden movements of the earth.

a)

true

b)

false

85.

The strength of the earthquake increases away from the centre.

a)

true

b)

false

86.

Moraine is the depositional feature of a glacier.

a)

true

b)

false

87.

What are the major agents of erosion?

a)

Water

b)

wind

c)

ice

88.

Define loess?

a)

When sand is deposited in large areas, it is called loess.

b)

When sand is deposited in small areas, it is called loess.

89.

What is vent?

a)

The arrow opening of a volcano is called vent.

b)

The narrow opening of a volcano is called vent.

90.

What is a seismograph?

a)

An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph.

b)

An volcano is measured with a machine called a seismograph.

91.

What is the name of the scale used to measure earthquakes?

a)

The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.

b)

The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the set squar

92.

Write some examples of coastal landforms?

a)

sea caves

b)

sea cliff.

c)

stacks

d)

sea arches

93.

Write names of a few rivers of the world that form a delta.

a)

Ganga-brahmaputra

b)

Zaire

c)

Murray-Darling

d)

Amazon

e)

Murray-Darling

94.

What are distributaries?

a)

coastal landforms are sea caves, sea arches, stacks and sea cliff.

b)

Plates move because of the movement of the molten magma inside the earth.

c)

The river begins to break up into a number of streams called distributaries.

95.

Why do the plates move?

a)

the movement of the molten magma inside the earth.

b)

The river begins to break up into a number of streams

96.

How are beaches formed?

a)

when the sea waves deposit sediments along the shores.

b)

when the ocean waves deposit sediments along the shores.

97.

What is erosion?

a)

Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.

b)

Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water ocean sea

98.

What are meanders?

a)

broken into a number of plates

b)

As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends known as meanders.

c)

when the sea waves deposit sediments along the shores.

99.

What are Lithospheric plates?

a)

The lithosphere is broken into a number of platues known as the Lithospheric plates.

b)

The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates.

100.

How much do lithospheric plates move in a year?

a)

move around very slowly – just a few millimetres each year.

b)

move around very fast – just a few metres each year.

101.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

102.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

103.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

104.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

105.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

106.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

107.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

108.

Is this a spit, bar or tombolo?

(There are two shown in this map)

a)

Spit

b)

Bar

c)

Tombolo

109.

When water is heated in the ocean by the sun and turns into water vapor

a)

Condensation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Transpiration

110.

When plants give off drops of water it is called

a)

Transpiration

b)

Evaporation

c)

Condensation

111.

Forms of precipitation are

a)

only sleet and snow

b)

rain, sleet, snow, and hail

c)

only dew, mists, and rain

112.

When water flows back into the ocean it is called

a)

run-off

b)

transpiration

c)

precipitation

113.

After condensation, the droplets of water in the clouds fall to Earth in different forms...

a)

precipitation

b)

condensation

c)

evaporation

114.

Most evaporation in the water cycle happens in oceans because

a)

they are the largest bodies of water

b)

they contain salt

c)

they have ice in them

115.

The sun's energy

a)

changes daily

b)

heats the ocean before evaporation

c)

directly causes evaporation

116.

The ________________ is the driving force of the Earth's weather

a)

moon

b)

stars

c)

sun

117.

When drops of water fall down from the sky...

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipitation

118.

Precipitation occurs because

a)

the droplets evaporate in the air

b)

the droplets are too light for the air to hold

c)

the droplets are too heavy for the air to hold

119.

When water vapor is cooled and forms droplets...

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

transpiration

120.

The water cycle has not start or end

a)

true

b)

false

121.

Clouds contain water vapor

a)

true

b)

false

122.

When tiny droplets of water form in the air it is called

a)

precipitation

b)

evaporation

c)

condensation

123.

The sun drives the water cycle by

a)

heating the ocean

b)

rotating on its axis

c)

giving light to plants

124.

When water turns into a gas...

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

precipitation

125.

This part of the carbon cycle occurs in the photic zone:

a)

Respiration only

b)

Photosynthesis, respiration, & decomposition

c)

Photosynthesis & respiration

d)

Decomposition

126.

This part of the carbon cycle occurs in the aphotic zone:

a)

Respiration only

b)

Photosynthesis, respiration, & decomposition

c)

Photosynthesis & respiration

d)

Decomposition & respiration

127.

Carbon in the ocean ultimately comes from:

a)

Carbon in the sediments diffusing into the water

b)

CO2 in the atmosphere diffusing into the ocean

c)

CO2 in the water

d)

Respiration

128.

Inorganic molecules are molecules living things:

a)

can use

b)

cannot use

129.

Organic molecules are molecules living things:

a)

can use

b)

cannot use

130.

This process changes carbon from an inorganic form into an organic form life can use:

a)

respiration

b)

fixation

c)

photosynthesis

131.

consumers and decomposers share this in common:

a)

both are multi-cellular

b)

respiration

c)

both are at the top of the food chain

132.

The correct order of ocean zones in the aphotic zone:

a)

bathyal, hadal, abyssal

b)

hadal abyssal bathyal

c)

bathyal, abyssal, hadal

d)

photic, aphotic

133.

The first zone of the aphotic zone is:

a)

mesopelagic zone

b)

abyssal

c)

bathyal

d)

hadal

134.

The seond zone of the aphotic zone is:

a)

mesopelagic zone

b)

abyssal

c)

bathyal

d)

hadal

135.

The third zone of the aphotic zone is:

a)

mesopelagic zone

b)

abyssal

c)

bathyal

d)

hadal

136.

This ocean zone will only be the depths of the deepest ocean trenches

a)

hadal

b)

abyssal

c)

bathyal

d)

epipelagic

137.

The next logical step of the carbon cycle in the ocean after photosynthesis is:

a)

Decomposition

b)

Respiration of consumers

c)

Photosynthesis

138.

Another word for phytoplankton

a)

eutrophic

b)

autotrophic

c)

endotrophic

d)

heterotrophic

139.

Another word for zooplankton

a)

eutrophic

b)

autotrophic

c)

endotrophic

d)

heterotrophic

140.

The aphotic zone will not have:

a)

Heterotrophs and marine snow

b)

Autotrophs and energy

c)

Heterotrophs and energy

d)

Autotrophs and light

141.

Detritivores are part of the carbon cycle since they:

a)

transform carbon-based wastes in detritus to energy

b)

create detritus, which is carbon-based

c)

sift carbon-containing sediments enabling their dissolution in water.

142.

Marine snow comes from

a)

Dead creatures only in the photic zone

b)

Once living, or currently living, creatures in the photic zone

c)

Only from living creatures in the upper ocean waters

d)

Fecal pellets, tests, and molts of organisms.

143.

Marine snow links:

a)

The pelagic zone and the abyssal zone

b)

The bathyal zone and hadal zone

c)

The euphotic zone and the trophic zone

d)

The photic zone and aphotic zone

144.

Excess CO2 in the ocean water creates:

a)

slightly acidic water

b)

slightly basic water

c)

more productive water with less upwelling

d)

less productive water with more upwelling

145.
What does toxic mean?
a)
poisonous
b)
murky
c)
dirty
d)
salubrious
146.
When fish excrete their waste, what toxic byproduct is produced?
a)
nitrogen
b)
nitrites
c)
ammonia
d)
nitrates
147.
What is one way to lower the amount of nitrates in your tank?
a)
do a partial water change
b)
add more fish 
c)
remove fish
d)
lower the water temperature
148.
What is another way to lower the nitrate level in your tank?
a)
add fish
b)
add snails
c)
add plants
d)
remove plants

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