WorksheetsUnit 2: How do we respond to exercise/ activity?
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which of the following is not part of the nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
Muscles
Nerves
What does the nervous system do for your body?
Only controls movement
Senses how your body is doing and controls all functions
Only helps you breathe
Only controls your emotions
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Brain and nerves
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Spinal cord and brain stem
Sensory and motor nerves
What does the central nervous system (CNS) include?
Brain and spinal cord
Nerves and muscles
Heart and lungs
Brain and nerves
What does the CNS do every day?
Control reflexes only
Maintain homeostasis
Pump blood
Control digestion
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) include?
Just the spinal cord
All the nerves in your body
Only the brain
The heart and lungs
What is the job of sensory nerves?
Send information to the brain and spinal cord
Move your muscles
Control your heart rate
Help you breathe
What is the job of motor nerves?
Take in information from the environment
Respond to information and make the body act
Control smell and taste
Send messages only to the brain
What do somatic nerves control?
Involuntary muscles like the heart
Voluntary muscles like the biceps
Hormones and glands
Breathing and digestion
What do autonomic nerves control?
Voluntary muscles
Emotions
Involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing
Only digestion
Which two systems make up the autonomic nervous system?
Sensory and motor systems
Somatic and sympathetic systems
Parasympathetic and sympathetic systems
Central and peripheral systems
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
Fight or flight
Rest and digest
Reflexes
Vision and smell
Which of the following happens during a sympathetic response?
Heart rate slows down
You get sleepy
Pupils dilate and heart rate increases
Breathing slows
What do receptors in the body do?
Control movement
Detect changes inside and outside the body
Produce hormones
Store memories
Which receptor helps with balance and movement?
Chemoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Proprioceptor
Photoreceptor
Which receptor detects chemicals such as taste or smell?
Chemoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Which receptor detects pressure, such as high blood pressure?
Chemoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Proprioceptor
Reflex receptor
What part of the brain controls ideas, emotions, and personality?
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Cerebrum
Thalamus
The hypothalamus helps maintain:
Breathing only
Balance and movement
Homeostasis (body temperature, hunger, thirst)
Hearing and vision
What part of the brain controls balance and movement?
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Brain stem
What part of the brain connects the brain and spinal cord?
Cerebrum
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What is homeostasis?
The process of breaking down food into energy
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
The movement of oxygen through the bloodstream
The control of voluntary muscles
Which two body systems are mainly responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
Circulatory and digestive systems
Nervous and endocrine systems
Respiratory and skeletal systems
Muscular and integumentary systems
Which statement about the nervous and endocrine systems is correct?
Both send electrical messages through nerves
The nervous system works slower than the endocrine system
The endocrine system uses hormones while the nervous system uses electrical signals
Both systems work at the same speed
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
Labor contractions during childbirth
Blood clotting
Sweating to cool the body when overheated
A heart attack caused by high blood pressure
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
Shivering when cold
Childbirth contractions
Regulation of blood sugar
Sweating to cool the body
Which of the following lists the correct order of a feedback mechanism?
Effector → Receptor → Control center
Control center → Effector → Receptor
Receptor → Control center → Effector
Effector → Control center → Receptor
What is the main role of the hypothalamus?
Produces insulin
Regulates many body functions such as temperature, hunger, and thirst
Pumps blood through the heart
Controls muscle contractions
Which of the following is not controlled by the hypothalamus?
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Heart rate
Bone growth
What is the normal blood pH range?
6.5 – 6.8
7.0 – 7.2
7.35 – 7.45
8.0 – 8.5
How does increased CO2 affect blood pH?
Increases pH and makes blood more basic
Decreases pH and makes blood more acidic
Has no effect on pH
Neutralizes blood pH completely
What causes the body to breathe faster when blood becomes too acidic?
The increase in carbon dioxide
A drop in oxygen
The need to release more hydrogen ions
The activation of the parasympathetic system
What does the SA node do in the heart?
Pumps blood into the lungs
Generates an electrical signal to start the heartbeat
Slows the heartbeat
Contracts the ventricles
What does the AV node do?
Controls blood pressure
Sends a signal that contracts the ventricles
Measures oxygen levels
Controls breathing
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?
Speeds it up
Slows it down
Has no effect
Stops it completely
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to increase heart rate?
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Estrogen
When blood glucose levels increase, what happens?
The pancreas releases glucagon
The pancreas releases insulin
The liver releases glycogen
The body begins to shiver
When blood glucose levels decrease, what hormone is released?
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Cortisol
What does insulin do?
Causes cells to take in glucose from the blood
Increases blood sugar
Breaks down glycogen in the liver
Inhibits glucose absorption
What does insulin resistance mean?
The body does not produce any insulin
Cells do not respond well to insulin
Cells take in too much glucose
The pancreas is overactive
Which of the following increases insulin sensitivity?
Exercise
Poor diet
Lack of sleep
Stress
What systems work together for thermoregulation?
Muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, and integumentary
Respiratory, digestive, skeletal, and muscular
Circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive
Nervous, skeletal, digestive, and urinary
What is the body's average core temperature?
36 ± 1°C
37 ± 1°C
38 ± 1°C
39 ± 1°C
What is non-shivering thermogenesis?
The process of sweating to cool down
The increase in metabolism to produce heat without shivering
The dilation of blood vessels to release heat
The contraction of muscles to produce heat
How does shivering help regulate temperature?
Reduces muscle activity
Releases heat through muscle contractions
Stores energy for later use
Increases sweating
How does sweating cool the body?
By absorbing heat into the bloodstream
By evaporating off the skin and carrying heat away
By closing pores to prevent heat loss
By increasing body temperature
Which of the following can affect thermoregulation?
Training status
Body composition
Environment and sex differences
All of the above
In which phase of the menstrual cycle might body temperature be slightly higher?
Follicular phase
Luteal phase
Ovulation phase
Menstrual phase
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
To digest food and absorb nutrients
To transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste throughout the body
To control body temperature through sweating
To store energy in the muscles
The respiratory system allows the body to:
Produce red blood cells
Exchange gases for cellular respiration
Circulate hormones through the blood
Store oxygen in the muscles
Which of the following factors can affect heart rate and stroke volume?
Age
Sex
Fitness level
All of the above
Breathing occurs mainly by:
The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm
The contraction of the heart muscle
The movement of the stomach muscles
The expansion of blood vessels
During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm and lung volume?
Diaphragm relaxes, lungs decrease in volume
Diaphragm contracts, lungs increase in volume
Diaphragm contracts, lungs decrease in volume
Diaphragm relaxes, lungs increase in volume
During exercise, what muscles assist the diaphragm?
Biceps and triceps
Intercostal muscles
Deltoids
Quadriceps
The internal intercostal muscles help with:
Breathing in (inhalation)
Breathing out (exhalation)
Controlling blood flow
Regulating heart rate
The correct path of air from nose to alveoli is:
Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchus → Bronchioles → Alveoli
Nasal cavity → Trachea → Larynx → Pharynx → Alveoli
Mouth → Bronchioles → Trachea → Lungs
Pharynx → Bronchus → Trachea → Larynx
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Pharynx
Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood because:
The blood has a higher oxygen concentration
The alveoli have a higher oxygen concentration
It is pumped there by the heart
The diaphragm pushes oxygen into the blood
Which of the following defines tidal volume?
The amount of air left after maximum exhale
The normal amount of air moved in or out per breath
The total volume of the lungs
The volume of air exhaled per minute
The air left in the lungs after a full exhale is called:
Vital capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
What is minute ventilation?
Tidal volume ÷ breaths per minute
Tidal volume × breaths per minute
Total lung capacity ÷ residual volume
The amount of oxygen per heartbeat
During exercise, minute ventilation:
Decreases
Stays the same
Increases
Stops temporarily
Which of the following are components of blood?
Plasma, platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells
Oxygen, water, glucose
Hormones, electrolytes, gases
Only plasma and red blood cells
What percentage of blood is made up of plasma?
25%
45%
55%
65%
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Fight infections
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Form blood clots
Carry nutrients
Which protein in red blood cells binds oxygen?
Myoglobin
Actin
Hemoglobin
Collagen
Most carbon dioxide travels in the blood as:
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Gas bubbles
Bound to platelets
Stored in white blood cells
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Increases white blood cell production
Stimulates red blood cell production
Decreases blood pressure
Regulates blood sugar
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Venules
Which blood vessel carries blood toward the heart?
Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Capillaries
What is the function of capillaries?
Transport blood at high pressure
Store blood for emergencies
Exchange gases and nutrients between blood and tissues
Filter blood through the kidneys
What is systemic circulation?
Blood flow from lungs to heart
Blood flow from heart to body and back
Blood flow from heart to lungs
Blood flow only to muscles
What is pulmonary circulation?
Blood flow through the liver
Blood flow through the brain
Blood flow between the heart and lungs
Blood flow between the heart and body
Veins have valves to:
Prevent backward flow of blood
Increase blood pressure
Store oxygen
Slow blood circulation
How many chambers are in the heart?
2
3
4
5
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Right side
Left side
Both sides
Neither
Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle?
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
What is blood pressure?
The force blood exerts on vessel walls
The number of red blood cells
The oxygen level in the blood
The thickness of the plasma
The contracting phase of the heart is called:
Diastole
Systole
Hypertrophy
Cardiac drift
Normal resting systolic pressure is approximately:
50–70 mmHg
80–90 mmHg
90–120 mmHg
130–150 mmHg
During exercise, blood flow to the muscles:
Increases
Decreases
Stops
Remains the same
During exercise, blood flow to the liver and kidneys:
Increases
Decreases
Stays constant
Doubles
What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood in the body
Blood pressure during rest
Amount of blood ejected by the heart per beat
Volume of plasma in the blood
What is cardiac output (Q)?
Stroke volume × heart rate
Blood pressure ÷ stroke volume
Oxygen uptake × heart rate
Blood volume × body mass
What happens to heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output during exercise?
All decrease
All increase
Only heart rate increases
Only stroke volume decreases
What is cardiovascular drift?
Decrease in stroke volume and increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise
Increase in blood pressure at rest
Decrease in heart rate and cardiac output
Blood pooling in the legs
What does VO2 max measure?
The total amount of blood in the body
The maximum rate of oxygen uptake and use during exercise
The number of breaths per minute
The pressure in the arteries
A higher VO2 max indicates:
Lower endurance
Higher aerobic fitness
Poor lung function
Weak heart muscles
What is one key function of water in the body?
Acts as a storage for vitamins
Serves as a solvent to transport substances
Increases body temperature
Thickens the blood
What percentage of body mass is typically water?
10–20%
30–40%
50–70%
80–90%
Lean tissue has ______ water content compared to fat tissue.
Less
Equal
More
None
Most of the body's water is found in:
Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
Blood plasma
Digestive system
The main ion found inside cells (intracellular fluid) is:
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Chloride (Cl−)
The main ion found outside cells (extracellular fluid) is:
Potassium (K+)
Sodium (Na+)
Magnesium (Mg2+)
Iron (Fe3+)
About how much water does the average adult lose per day?
1 liter
2.5 liters
5 liters
8 liters
Which of the following is not a normal way the body loses water?
Sweating
Breathing
Urination
Storing in the liver
What three organs regulate water and electrolyte balance?
Brain, lungs, stomach
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, kidneys
Liver, pancreas, kidneys
Skin, heart, lungs
What hormone is released by the pituitary gland to conserve water?
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Epinephrine
Estrogen
What effect does ADH have on the kidneys?
Increases urine output
Decreases water reabsorption
Increases water reabsorption
Stops blood flow to kidneys
The hypothalamus helps control water balance by:
Activating thirst
Releasing glucose
Storing extra water
Decreasing blood pressure
When water is low and solute is high, the condition is called:
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Neutral
When water is high and solute is low, the condition is:
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Saturated
The kidneys help maintain homeostasis by:
Producing bile
Filtering waste and regulating water balance
Making red blood cells
Absorbing nutrients
The functional unit of the kidney is called the:
Nephron
Alveolus
Capillary
Bronchiole
Hyponatremia occurs when:
Water intake is too low
Sodium levels rise due to dehydration
Water intake is too high, diluting sodium
Potassium levels drop
Why can drinking only water be dangerous during endurance sports?
It increases muscle fatigue
It causes high blood pressure
It replaces water but not electrolytes
It prevents sweat production
Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?
Fever and chills
Headache and nausea
Fast breathing
Low blood sugar
Cardiovascular drift happens when:
Blood volume increases during rest
Heart rate decreases and stroke volume increases
Heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases over time
The body cools too quickly
What causes cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise?
Increased water storage
Water loss and rising body temperature
Increased oxygen supply
Decreased muscle activity
How does dehydration affect cardiovascular drift?
Slows it down
Speeds it up
Prevents it
Has no effect
What is attention in sport and exercise psychology?
The act of ignoring irrelevant information
The concentration of mental activity on current tasks
The physical reaction to stress
The automatic control of muscle movement
What is concentration?
Dividing focus between multiple tasks
The intentional direction of mental effort to the current situation
The awareness of multiple game aspects
The ability to recall past performances
What is selective attention?
The ability to ignore distractions while focusing on important information
The awareness of multiple sensory inputs
The process of switching attention from one task to another
The ability to think about two things at once
What is divided attention?
Paying attention to one thing
Focusing on an opponent
The ability to multitask and perform more than one action at the same time
Ignoring all distractions
What does focus refer to?
The broad awareness of the environment
The central point of attention
The long-term memory of a skill
The energy used in physical movement
What is situational awareness?
Awareness of surroundings that influence decision-making
Knowledge of only the self during performance
The ability to focus on a single movement
The ability to predict an opponent’s score
What is attentional flexibility?
The ability to remember multiple plays
The ability to switch focus depending on the situation
The ability to avoid all distractions
The ability to focus on internal thoughts only
Internal distractors come from:
The crowd or environmental noises
The athlete’s own thoughts or emotions
The opponent’s actions
The coach’s directions
External distractors are:
Negative self-talk
Feelings of anxiety
Visual or auditory distractions from the environment
Thoughts about technique
Which of the following is not a building block of concentration?
Decide to concentrate
Focus on one thought
Worry about uncontrollable factors
Do what you are thinking
What is controlled distraction?
Allowing all thoughts to enter freely
The ability to identify and manage distractions during performance
Ignoring all outside factors
Focusing on emotions rather than the task
Which of the following is a controlled distraction technique?
Mental practice
Ignoring instructions
Changing the rules of the sport
Avoiding focus
What is the purpose of trigger words?
To motivate teammates
To direct focus to a specific task
To increase arousal
To signal the end of a play
Which of the following is an example of a routine used to control focus?
Performing the same warm-up before every serve
Listening to random music
Avoiding concentration before games
Changing habits frequently
What is an internal attentional focus?
Concentration on outside cues like the ball
Focus on thoughts, emotions, or body movements
Awareness of multiple environmental factors
Awareness of team strategy
What is arousal in sports psychology?
A physiological and psychological state of activation
The feeling of tiredness and relaxation
A state of mental confusion
A reduction in heart rate and focus
What happens when arousal is too high?
Concentration improves automatically
Attentional narrowing occurs
Breathing rate slows
Athletes become more relaxed
What is attentional narrowing?
Expanding awareness to all aspects of the environment
Focusing on only relevant cues when arousal is high
Losing awareness of surroundings
Decreasing arousal levels
How can attentional narrowing help performance?
By filtering out irrelevant information
By reducing focus on the task
By increasing distractions
By encouraging negative thoughts
How can attentional narrowing hurt performance?
Too many distractions are noticed
Important cues are ignored
The athlete becomes more flexible
Awareness increases too much
Which sports typically require high arousal for best performance?
Chess and yoga
Powerlifting and sprinting
Archery and golf
Ballet and shooting
Which sports typically require low arousal?
Marathon running
Gymnastics and shooting
Soccer and basketball
Boxing and wrestling
What is an external focus of attention?
Focusing on what should happen, not body movement
Concentrating on one’s own breathing
Paying attention to muscle tension
Blocking out all external stimuli
Which type of focus—internal or external—usually leads to better motor performance?
Internal focus
External focus
Both are equal
Neither affects performance
What does associative focus mean?
Focusing on something unrelated to the task
Focusing on bodily sensations or technique
Mentally blocking out the performance
Thinking about something else while performing
What does dissociative focus mean?
Concentrating on external factors
Distracting oneself from sensations or fatigue
Thinking about how muscles move
Focusing on errors
Skilled performance is characterized by:
Effectiveness and efficiency
Speed only
Effort without control
Accuracy but not consistency
How can coaches help athletes improve attentional focus?
Using feedback and questioning
Avoiding distractions altogether
Reducing arousal completely
Teaching only internal focus
What is non-linear pedagogy?
A coaching method that emphasizes rigid, step-by-step control
A coaching method that allows athletes to adapt independently
A teaching style focused only on memorization
A drill-based learning system
How does self-talk help attentional control?
It increases distraction
It reduces cognitive focus
It helps direct and maintain attention on the task
It raises anxiety levels
What is the role of goal setting in attentional control?
Increases pressure on performance
Creates irrelevant focus
Directs attention toward the current task or objective
Decreases motivation
What does arousal refer to?
The body’s response to fatigue
The level of physical and psychological activation
A decrease in mental focus
The inability to control stress
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
Relaxation and recovery
Fight-or-flight responses
Memory and learning
Muscle growth and repair
Which of the following is a physical response to stress?
Lower heart rate
Reduced alertness
Increased adrenaline release
Muscle relaxation
According to Drive Theory, how does performance change as arousal increases?
Performance decreases linearly
Performance stays constant
Performance increases linearly
Performance fluctuates randomly
Why has Drive Theory fallen out of favor?
It doesn’t account for over-arousal
It’s too complex
It only applies to beginners
It ignores motivation
What does the Inverted-U Theory suggest?
The higher the arousal, the better the performance
There is an optimal level of arousal for best performance
Low arousal always produces the best results
High arousal never helps performance
When arousal is too high, performance:
Increases
Remains constant
Declines
Improves slightly
What is the Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)?
The same arousal range for all athletes
The personal arousal level at which each athlete performs best
A theory that replaces the Inverted-U model
A measure of physical endurance
