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Heredity

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is when there is a change in the DNA sequence?

a)

Replication

b)

Mutation

c)

Transcription

d)

Translation

2.

Which of following matches with Cytosine?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

3.

Which of the following is NOT a base in RNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Uracil

d)

Cytosine

4.

What does the ribosome create right after getting the code from the mRNA?

a)

Proteins

b)

Cell Organelles

c)

DNA

d)

Amino Acids

5.
I am single stranded.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
6.
I am found ONLY in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
7.
I am a nucleic acid.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
8.
I am arranged as a double helix or "twisted ladder."
a)
Both DNA and RNA
b)
DNA
c)
RNA
9.
I have the sugar ribose.
a)
RNA
b)
DNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
10.
I have the sugar deoxyribose.
a)
RNA
b)
DNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
11.
I include the bases guanine, cytosine, and adenine.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
12.
In eukaryotic cells, I travel out of the nucleus to a ribosome.
a)
Both DNA and RNA
b)
DNA
c)
RNA
13.
I have the base uracil.
a)
RNA
b)
DNA
c)
Both DNA and RNA
14.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
15.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
16.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
17.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
18.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
19.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
20.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
21.
What does this picture represent?
a)
amino acid
b)
base pairing
c)
nucleotide
d)
the DNA molecule
22.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
23.
What is the correct complimentary strand for the following DNA?ATCGAG
a)
TACGAG
b)
ATCGAG
c)
TAGCTG
d)
TAGCTC
24.
RNA contains the sugar
a)
ribose
b)
deoxyribose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
25.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
DNA is single-stranded
b)
RNA is single-stranded
c)
DNA contains uracil
d)
RNA contains deoxyribose
26.

When one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization:

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

27.

What organism reproduces using regeneration?

a)

coral

b)

strawberries

c)

bacteria

d)

sea star

28.

What is an disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

a)

An organism can reproduce without a mate

b)

Some organisms can quickly produce a large number of offspring

c)

There is little genetic variation within a population

29.

Cells that have pairs of chromosomes:

a)

haploid cells

b)

diploid cells

30.

Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair:

a)

haploid cells

b)

diploid cells

31.

A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing offspring:

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

32.

Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order:

a)

haploid cells

b)

diploid cells

c)

homologous chromosomes

33.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

a)

18

b)

23

c)

26

d)

46

34.

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Genetic variation

b)

Organisms must grow and develop until they are mature enough to reproduce

c)

Selective breeding

35.

Some advantages of sexual reproduction include: (select all that apply)

a)

genetic variation

b)

improves chances of adapting to the environment

c)

helps species survive catastrophes

d)

it doesn't take as much energy as asexual reproduction

36.

What are some disadvantages to sexual reproduction? (select all that apply)

a)

it takes a lot of energy to find a mate

b)

you don't need another mate

c)

it requires a male and a female

d)

more genetic errors can occur

37.

What are some advantages of asexual reproduction are: (select all that apply)

a)

it only requires one organism

b)

it takes less energy than sexual reproduction

c)

offspring are already well-adapted for the environment

d)

there is a lot of genetic variety

38.

Male and female reproductive cells are collectively known as:

a)

spores

b)

pollen

c)

gametes

d)

offspring

39.

____________________ occurs when a male gamete (sperm) combines with a female gamete (egg).

a)

sporulation

b)

fertilization

c)

fission

d)

regeneration

40.

How many parents are required for sexual reproduction?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

41.

If a sex cell has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will there be after fertilization?

a)

5

b)

10

c)

15

d)

20

42.

Which of the following is not a benefit of asexual reproduction?

a)

Offspring will be successful in an unchanged environment.

b)

Good at adapting to changing environments.

c)

Only requires one parent to produce offspring.

d)

Can reproduce rapidly.

43.

An organism that has been reproduced by asexual means receives ______________ of its chromosomes from its one parent.

a)

3

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

44.

In asexual reproduction, all of the offspring are:

a)

Physically Identical

b)

Genetically Identical

c)

Physically and Genetically Identical

d)

Not Identical

45.

What is the big advantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Can quickly grow the population

b)

Offspring are guaranteed to be successful in an unchanged environment.

c)

Only one parent is required to reproduce.

d)

Can adapt to changing environments

46.

An organism that has been reproduced by sexual reproduction received ____________ of its chromosomes from the male parent.

a)

4

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

47.

These are long strands of DNA in the nucleus that controls the traits of an organism.

a)

Gene

b)

Allele

c)

Chromosomes

48.

Meiosis produces sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Select all that are examples of sex cells.

a)

Sperm Cell

b)

Skin Cell

c)

Egg Cell

d)

Pollen

e)

Somatic Cell

49.

If a cow has 60 chromosomes in a somatic cell how many chromosomes would be in a cow's sex cell?

a)

60

b)

120

c)

30

d)

90

50.

The specific section of DNA that carries the code to control the specific characteristic or trait.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Chromosome

c)

Gene

d)

Allele

51.

The different variations of the same trait or characteristic.

a)

Gene

b)

Chromosome

c)

Allele

d)

DNA

52.

What is the type of reproduction that only requires one parent?

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

53.

Which type of reproduction results in diversity because the offspring are a combination of the parents and genetically different?

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

54.
the genetic code for the gene
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
homozygous
55.
trait shows only if both parents pass it on
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
codominan
56.
when you have two different genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
dominant
c)
homozygous
57.
when you have two of the same genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
recessive
c)
homozygous
58.
the physical look of a trait
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
recessive
59.
shows even if only one parent passes on the gene
a)
recessive
b)
regulatory gene
c)
dominant
60.
the following letters are an example of _______  dd
a)
recessive
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
homozygous dominant
d)
dominant
61.
Dd letters are an example of....
a)
heterozygous genes
b)
homozygous genes
c)
dominant genes
d)
recessive genes
62.
DD is an example of
a)
homozygous recessive
b)
dominant
c)
Homozygous dominant
d)
recessive
63.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
64.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
65.
What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
100%
66.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
67.
Each one of the boxes on the Punnett Square represents what probability of an offsprings' genotype?
a)
25%
b)
1%
c)
10%
d)
0%
68.
Which choice best represents the genotype of this cross?
a)
1 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
b)
2 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
c)
3 Yy: 1 yy: 0 YY
d)
1 Yy: 3 yy: 0 YY
69.
What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 
a)
50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 
b)
25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 
c)
75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 
d)
0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 
70.
In pea plants, the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. What key would demonstrate this?
a)
Tall = T
Short = S
b)
Tall = T
Short = t
c)
Tall = t
Short = T
d)
Tall = TT
Short = tt
71.
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
72.
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
73.
What is the probability of a purple-horned unicorn if a heterozygous pink-horned unicorn is crossed with a heterozygous pink-horned unicorn?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
74.
Leonardo bet his friend Olivet that two heterozygous green-eyed sea monsters could not have a recessive blue-eyed baby sea monster. Olivet said they can have a blue-eyed sea monster.
Who wins the bet?
a)
Leonardo
b)
Olivet
c)
Both
d)
Neither
75.

What is the scientific name for a sex cell?

a)

Gromets

b)

Embryo

c)

Gamete

d)

Stem cell

76.

What is the name of the male gamete in humans?

a)

Sperm

b)

Ovum

c)

Testis

d)

Pollen

77.

What is the name of the female gamete in humans?

a)

Sperm

b)

Zygote

c)

Ovary

d)

Ovum

78.

What is the role of gametes?

a)

To restore the half set of chromosomes when the gametes fuse in fertilisation

b)

To restore the quarter set of chromosomes when the gametes fuse in fertilisation

c)

To restore the full set of chromosomes when the gametes fuse in pollination

d)

To restore the full set of chromosomes when the gametes fuse in fertilisation

79.

What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Clones being produced

b)

The offspring being genetically identical to the parents

c)

Genetic variation allowing adaptation if there is an environment change

d)

Having two parents

80.

What is the main disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Clones being produced

b)

The offspring being genetically identical to the parents

c)

Genetic variation

d)

Having two parents because a mate must be found requires energy

81.

What is the main disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

a)

Clones being produced

b)

No genetic variation so no chance of withstanding an environment change due to adaptation

c)

Genetic variation

d)

Only one parent needed so no need to put energy into finding a mate

82.

Two __________ make up a gene.

a)

chromosomes

b)

alleles

c)

eggs

d)

sperm

83.

This type of reproduction involves two parents.

a)

Asexual reproduction

b)

Sexual reproduction

84.

Which answer choice is NOT a type of asexual reproduction?

a)

budding

b)

fragmentation

c)

fertilization

d)

binary fission

85.

Which type of reproduction produces an identical copy of the parent?

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

86.

What is the purpose of MITOSIS?

a)

to create sex cells

b)

to kill off body cells

c)

to repair or replace body cells

87.

Which statement does NOT describe asexual reproduction?

a)

takes a short amount of time

b)

provides genetic variation - all offspring are different

c)

no mate required in order to reproduce

d)

provides no genetic variation - all offspring are the same

88.

What is a GMO?

a)

An organism that has had its DNA modified by humans

b)

An organism missing a chromosome

c)

Epigenetics

d)

A genetically identical organism

89.
Putting the gene for bioluminescence into a fish is an example of...
a)
Genetic Engineering
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Artificial Selection
d)
Gene Mutation
90.
The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
a)
selective breeding 
b)
genetic engineering
c)
inbreeding
d)
hybridization
91.

Selective breeding is...

a)

a process to create an organism with desired traits from parents with those desired traits

b)

natural method of producing offspring with desired traits

c)

creating a new species

d)

making organisms reproduce during times of stress

92.

An example of selective breeding is

a)

a dog breeder mating 2 dogs to make more dogs

b)

a farmer grows bees to pollinate the plants on his farm

c)

a person pollinates 2 white rose plants to only create white roses

93.

One problem with selective breeding is

a)

creating a new species

b)

gene variety is lost

c)

new food sources

94.
Evidence shows that the wolf is the ancestor to all of the breeds of dogs shown below. How did this variation arise in a relatively short period of time?
a)
A.  Genetic manipulation
b)
Natural selection
c)
Random chance
d)
Selective breeding
95.

Which is NOT a result of selective breeding?

a)

Large seedless watermelons that consumer demand

b)

Bright oranges that are all about the same size

c)

An insect that matches the color of the environment

d)

A dog that has been bred to have short hair

96.

The process of manipulating an organism's DNA for the benefit of humankind and society is called...

a)

chemical engineering

b)

civil engineering

c)

genetic engineering

d)

electrical engineering

97.

A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as...

a)

a mutant

b)

a hybrid

c)

replicated DNA

d)

recombinant DNA

98.

Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are called...

a)

polygenic

b)

transgenic

c)

mutagenic

d)

donors

99.

Rice modified to have more Vitamin A is an example of

a)

Genetic engineering

b)

Cloning

c)

Gene mutation

d)

Artificial selection

100.
Putting the gene for bioluminescence into a fish is an example of...
a)
Genetic Engineering
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Artificial Selection
d)
Gene Mutation
101.
A clone is 
a)
recombinant DNA
b)
a transgenic organsim
c)
plasmid
d)
genetically identical 
102.
The purpose of selective breeding is to 
a)
Get bigger animals
b)
get smaller animals
c)
create animals with desirable traits
d)
create animals with bad traits
103.
All of the following statements are reasons for selective breeding except:
a)
To produce offspring with desirable characteristics
b)
Farmers increase their profit by improving crops
c)
To improve the quality of food products
d)
To increase migration patterns
104.
A farmer has bred his pineapple plants from the sweetest pineapples from his last harvest to get even sweeter pineapple plants. What is this an example of?
a)
Selective breeding
b)
Natural selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Mutagenesis
105.

The DNA is tightly wrapped around the histone proteins and the gene is methylated.

a)

The gene is silenced.

b)

The gene is active.

c)

It is impossible to tell.

d)

The gene is on and off at various times.

106.

This term refers to the chemical tags that affect gene function and may be passed on through generations.

a)

genome

b)

methylation

c)

epigenome

d)

autosomes

107.

Why do identical twins begin to look different as they age?

a)

Their environment causes mutation of the MAOA gene.

b)

Mutations accumulate which deactivates histone proteins.

c)

Exposure to different environments causes the addition of epigenetic tags that result in changes in gene function.

d)

The DMNT gene is silenced.

108.

Which of the genes below would you want to have demethylated in your body? Select all that apply.

a)

Cancer causing genes

b)

Genes associated with anxiety.

c)

tumor suppressor genes

d)

genes related to immune system function

109.

What is true of an active gene?

a)

The DNA is so compact that it can leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosome.

b)

It is hyper-methylated.

c)

The DNA is tightly coiled around the histones and accessible by RNA.

d)

The DNA is more relaxed and can be transcribed by RNA.

110.

What role do cell signals play in cell specialization?

a)

Cell signals encourage DNA replication at the promoter.

b)

Cell signals silence genes unrelated to the cell's purpose.

c)

Cell signals are influenced by temperature changes.

d)

None of the above.

111.

These two mice are genetically identical. How do you explain the difference in their coat colors?

a)

The brown mouse has a different form of the agouti gene.

b)

The brown mouse has been fed a diet that donated methyl groups that inactivated the agouti gene.

c)

The mice come from two different families.

d)

The brown mouse was fed a diet that donated acetyl groups and inactivated the agouti gene.

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