Macromolecules are _________, long molecules consisting of many similar building blocks. These building block molecules are called ________.

A ___________ reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule. This can be called "building bonds and losing water."

Polymers are disassembled into monomers by _________, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of dehydration. It can be called "breaking bonds with water."

Fill in the blank in the following dehydration reaction:

Monosaccharide + monosaccharide -> _________+ water

Fill in the blank in the following hydrolysis reaction:

Maltose + water ---> _______ + glucose

Fill in the blank in the following hydrolysis reaction:

Sucrose + water ---> _______ + glucose

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide of plants, consisting of many glucose monomers?

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide of animals, consisting of many glucose monomers?

Lipids are hydrophobic. Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar while water is considered polar. True or False?

Fats are constructed from two molecules:

Fats made from saturated fatty acids are called saturated fats and are solid at room temperature. Saturated fatty acids have:

Fats made from unsaturated fatty acids are called unsaturated fats or oils and are liquid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids have:

The major function of fats is ______ ________.

When phospholipids are added to water, they self-assemble into a ______ with the hydrophobic tails pointing towards the interior.

____________ and __________ are the two main (major) components of the cell membrane.

A phospholipid consists of a phosphate head that is __________(water-loving) and two fatty acid tails that are ___________ (water-fearing).

Examples of proteins important for cell transport include:

Two enzymes important for muscle contraction are called:

Digestive enzymes are not specific and can break down many different types of molecules. True or False?

How many essential amino acids do adult humans need to supplement with their diet because our bodies can not synthesize them?

Building proteins involves many ________ synthesis reactions by forming ______ bonds.

Which level of protein structure only involves the order of amino acids in a chain?

________ structure is when two or more tertiary folded peptide subunits bonded together to make a functional protein.

Enzymes act as _________ in chemical reactions.

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by weakening chemical bonds, which _______ activation energy (the energy required to complete a reaction).

When an enzyme is reacting with its substrate, during the reaction, together they are referred to as _______-______ _________.

Enzymes can be reused even after completing a reaction with a substrate but they are highly specific to what substrate they can react with.

The four factors that influence enzyme activity are:

Living things are made up of units called _______.

There are two broad categories of cells. _________, which have o nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and _________, which have a central nucleus and many organelles.

________ cells do have an organized nucleus and membrane bound organelles such as Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.

Living things reproduce. There are two basic methods of reproduction:

During ________ reproduction, only one parent is involved and all offspring are identical. Examples of this include binary fission of bacteria or amoebas.

The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called ___________.

Organisms that can obtain their energy directly from the sun through photosynthesis are called ________, and sometimes referred to as producers.

Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that obtain energy from the remains of organisms that have died are called _____________.

All living things must maintain a stable internal environment. A table internal environment is called ____________.

What are the levels of organization in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

_____ ________ used a microscope to observe thinly sliced cork (dead plant material) which seemed to be made of box-like chambers that he called cells.

Cells contain specialized cell parts that are called __________, "little organs."

This organelle role within the cell is to make and transport lipids.

This organelles role within the cell determines what can enter and leave the cell.

Which organelle is responsible for clean up and digesting materials within the cell?

Which four components make up the Fluid Mosaic model of the Cell Membrane?

Cell membranes have pores (holes) in them that are selectively permeable. What does this mean for the cell membrane?

Transport across the membrane that does not require energy is called ________ transport.

The three types of passive transport are:

The diffusion of water across the cell membrane through pores in the membrane called aquaporins is called _________.

Diffusion is the random movement from an area of _____ concentration to ______ concentration.

Passive transport will continue to occur until _________ has been reached.

Transport proteins are _________ - they “select” certain molecules to cross the membrane.

Active transport requires energy and moves particles from ______ to ______ concentration.

When material is brought into the cell through endocytosis, is energy required?

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, meaning the solution has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water than the cell, what will happen to the cell?

When a cell is in an environment with equal concentrations to the cell, what is the solution considered?

Which three organelles can be found in a prokaryotic cell?

Which organelle is labeled "C"?

What is the dense region inside the nucleus, labeled "F", called?

What is the function of the organelle labeled "H"?

Which organelle is labeled "E"?