Causes of Rickets

Frontal bossing of skull occurs in:

Pigeon chest is common in:

Goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and correct the cause of the condition.

Childhood form of osteomalacia.

Widening and deformation of metaphyseal region of long bones.

Is diagnosed through blood tests, physical exams, and x-rays.

X-rays show looser zones (pseudofractures)

Is diagnosed through blood tests, bone biopsies, and x-rays.

With osteomalacia, fractures are common in weakened areas. Which areas are especially susceptible?

Age may contribute to intestinal malabsorption.

DEXA is a type of:

Acute or chronic infection of bone marrow.

Second most common bone pathology.

Most common bone pathology.

Softening of bones due to inadequate mineralization.

Loss of total bone mass, results in brittle bones.

Hematogenous osteomyelitis often affects children.

Pain with movement of affected extremity and loss of movement are typically seen in ________________ cases of osteomyelitis.

Black women tend to have a lower BMD than white or Asian women.

With osteoporosis, fractures are more commonly seen in:

Osteoporosis is most common after age _______.

Drugs like anticonvulsants increase the activation of vit. D in the liver.

Phosphate deficiency is most commonly caused by:

In Paget disease, which bone is typically affected first?

In Paget disease, which bone is typically affected second?

In Paget disease, which bone is typically affected third?

Presence of infected dead bone (sequestrem) occurs in __________ cases of _____________.

___________ is ideopathic, but evidence suggests ____________ and _______________ may be responsible

Can cause coxa vera.

Anterior bowing of the femur and tibia is commonly found in:

"Collage of matrix madness"

Usually there is no bone tenderness.

Osteitis Deformans

Bone has "mosaic-like" pattern, separated by areas of dense collagen called "cement lines".

By age 70, this is likely to affect 5% of women and 8% of men.

Most common in N. Europeans.

Treatment for Paget disease.

Neoplasms may be benign or malignant.

Osteosarcomas result from Paget disease in about _________ of cases.

Increased blood flow that may result in high-output cardiac failure.

Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant bone tumour. ____ of cases are found in people under ____ years of age.

Osteosarcomas are very aggressive.

Distal femur, proximal tibia and fibula are common sites for:

Tumours made of cartilage (chondromas) are commonly found in the hands and feet.

Osteomas are commonly found on long bones, flat bones, and the skull.

Children with African or Asian ancestry are typically more prone to Ewing sarcoma.

About __% of people with cancer will have bone metastasis at some point in their life.

Pain developing from sarcomas stretching the periosteum or trapping nerves is more severe at night.

Most common type of osteochondroses.

Osteonecrosis of the prox. femoral head with later reabsorption.

Pain in the groin, thigh, or knee may be indicative of:

In L-C-P, avascular necrosis takes place over 6-12 ________.

In L-C-P, absorption of dead bone takes place over _______ years.

In L-C-P, the epiphysis usually regains its normal shape.

Atlanta-Scottish-Rite Brace is used most often in:

Second most common type of osteochondroses.

Osgood-Schlatter disease usually occurs in boys aged _________ and girls aged ________.

In Osgood-Schlatter disease, we would aim to relieve tension in the quads.

In Osgood-Schlatter disease, it is contraindicated to rest, ice, and elevate limb after activity.

In Osgood-Schlatter disease, treatment should be able to provide relief of symptoms in approx. 1 year. And 1-2 years for complete resolution.

A high-riding patella can be a complication in Osgood-Schlatter disease.

LDLs are toxic to endothelium when oxidized.

Select the three sub-types of atherosclerotic lesions:

What is the first thing to happen in the formation of fibrous atheromatous plaque?

What is the second thing to happen in the formation of fibrous atheromatous plaque?

What is the third thing to happen in the formation of fibrous atheromatous plaque?

What is the fourth thing to happen in the formation of fibrous atheromatous plaque?