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Midterm Exam. Chemical Biology 2

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which is the most common type of rotor used

a)

Swinging bucket

b)

vertical rotor

c)

Fixed angel

d)

None of the above

2.

Which of the following rotor has longest radius from axis of rotation

a)

Swinging bucket

b)

Microfuge

c)

vertical rotor

d)

Fixed angle

3.

WHich centrifuge separation is time independent

a)

Isotonic

b)

analytical

c)

Rate zonal

d)

Iso-density

4.

What is the reason given in the lesson for the use of cell fractionation?

a)

It allows cellular components, such as organelles, to be studied in isolation.

b)

It allows cellular components to be viewed with a light microscope.

c)

It allows for the study of interactions between all of the organelles.

d)

Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum cannot be studied together.

5.

Why do cells have to be broken apart in detergent before they can be separated into different parts?

a)

Detergents ensure the reaction is sterile.

b)

Detergents help dissolve the cell membrane so cellular components can be removed.

c)

Detergents help separate the cellular components based on size and density.

d)

Detergents remove oil and other contaminants.

6.

2. Which step of the cell fractionation procedure separates the cell into its fractions?

a)

Centrifugation

b)

Collection

c)

Lysing

d)

Purification

7.

An effective way of purifying liquids containing suspensions is

a)

crystallization

b)

decanting

c)

centrifuging

d)

separating funnel

8.

After centrifugation when sublimate settles, clear liquid

a)

can be allowed to rest

b)

can be allowed to form crystals

c)

can be decanted off

d)

can be evaporated

9.

Sucrose or caesium chloride → What rotor is best for zonal?

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Nucleic acids → Caesium chloride gradients are good for:

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Rate of movement down the tube/centrifugal force → Order of particles

a)

True

b)

False

12.
Cell fractionation is …
a)
The process of filtering the cell debris from the organelles
b)
The process of spinning the homogenate to separate the organelles
c)
Process where cells are broken up to separate out the organelles.
13.
Why is tissue homogenised before using a centrifuge to isolate organelles in cells.
a)
To release the organelles from the cell
b)
So that the enzymes do not break down the organelles
c)
So that osmosis is prevented so organelles do not burst or shrink
14.
Tissue to be centrifuged needs to be kept in a cold solution. Why?
a)
To prevent osmosis which would burst the organelles
b)
To slow down enzyme activity
c)
To ensure the pH does not fluctuate
15.
Tissue to be centrifuged needs to be kept in a buffer solution. Why?
a)
pH kept constant to prevent denaturation of proteins
b)
To prevent osmosis which would burst the organelles
c)
To prevent artefacts from forming
16.
Tissue to be centrifuged needs to be kept in an isotonic solution. Why?
a)
The solution prevents artefacts from forming
b)
The solution provides glucose for aerobic respiration to release energy
c)
Has same water potential as organelles so water will not move into or out of organelles by osmosis
17.
After spinning the filtrate in a centrifuge, what is the fluid above the pellet called?
a)
Homogenate
b)
Resultant fluid
c)
Supernatant
18.
Some plant tissue is spun in a centrifuge. The first pellet collected contains the nuclei. How would you collect the chloroplasts in the supernatant?
a)
Spin supernatant on a faster setting and for a longer period of time.
b)
Spin supernatant for much longer period of time.
c)
Filter the chloroplasts from the supernatant using a sieve
19.
How have cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation advanced biological knowledge?
a)
By helping to improve microscope magnification and resolution 
b)
Have allowed a detailed structure and function of organelles by isolating them.
c)
By discovering different cells exist
20.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
21.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
22.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
23.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
24.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die.

b)

The shapes of the enzyme are altered.

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

d)

The enzymes remain the same

25.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
26.
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
27.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
28.
What is the name for the mechanism of enzyme activity?
a)
Lock and key
b)
jigsaw puzzle
c)
hammer and nail
d)
two hands pattern
29.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
30.
What is another name for enzymes?
a)
chemical catalysts
b)
microorganisms
c)
biological catalysts
d)
inorganic catalysts
31.

Why are tissues placed into an ice cold isotonic buffer solution?

a)

To keep the tissues cold

b)

To keep the tissues fresh

c)

To stop enzyme activity

d)

To keep varied buffers

32.

The suspended cells are disrupted by the process of homogenation in cell fractionation.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

_ is a device for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed

a)

Centrifuge

b)

Form

c)

Sem

d)

Rotor

34.

Sediment forms at the bottom of centrifuge is called a _.

a)

centrifuge

b)

pellet

c)

salt

d)

supernatant

35.

The overlying solution is called _

a)

supernatant

b)

sediment

c)

salt

d)

pellet

36.

You have to filter homogenate to remove clumps.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

Density gradient centrifugation is mainly used to

a)

purify viruses, ribosomes, membranes

b)

purify blood

c)

purify urine

d)

purify water

38.

The particles of interest are placed on top of the gradient and centrifuge in ultracentrifuges.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

A sucrose density gradient is created by gently overlaying lower concentrations of sucrose on higher concentrations in centrifuge tubes.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Zonal centrifugation is also known as band or gradient centrifugation.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

In zonal centrifugation or gradient centrifugation, fractions are collected by creating a hole at the bottom of the tube.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Isopynic centrifugation is also called as density gradient centrifugation.

a)

True

b)

False

43.

The solution of biological sample and cesium salt is uniformly distributed in a centrifuge tube and rotated in ultra centrifuge.

a)

True

b)

False

44.

In cell fractionation, a _ is used to keep the pH constant so proteins are not denatured.

a)

buffer

b)

tissues

c)

ions

d)

salt

45.

Usually, homogenization is done by grinding.

a)

True

b)

False

46.

Grinding is done by mortar and pestle or potter homogenizer.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

A cell organelle is subjectedto a centrifugal force when it is rotated at a ________.

a)

a. high rate of speed

b)

b. medium rate of speed

c)

c. low rate of speed

d)

d. very low rate of speed

48.

Which of the following techniques is commonly used by biochemists in cell fractionation?

a)

a. dfferntial centrifugation

b)

b. density gradient centrifugation

c)

c.both a and b

d)

d. not stated

49.

A sucrose density gradient is created y gently overlaying _______ concentrations of sucrose

a)

a. lower

b)

b. higher

c)

c. medium

d)

d. heavy

50.

the ultracentrifuge is a centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very ______ speed.

a)

a. low

b)

b. medium

c)

c. high

d)

d.quick

51.

an ultra centrifuge is adevice for exceptionally ______ speed

a)

a. high

b)

b. low

c)

c. quick

d)

d. medium

52.

Rate- Zonal density gradient ultracentrifugation is a powerful and reliable technique for separating particles base ontheir hydrodynamic volume.

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

53.

Which is NOT a type of separation technique?

a)

a. isopycnic

b)

b. ultrafiltration

c)

c. density gradient

d)

d. infiltration

54.

Cell is the structural and ____ unit of life?

a)

a. functional

b)

b. minute

c)

c. macro

d)

d. big

55.

Cell contain organelles which performs a variety of specific functions

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

56.

Electron micrographs explains only the structure but not the functions of the cell organelles

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

57.

Individual organelle is identified using _______..

a)

a. specific markers

b)

b. specific name

c)

c. specific time

d)

d. specific way

58.

Who developed the technique of cell fractionation?

a)

a. Albert Claude

b)

b. Albert Martinez

c)

c. Albert einstein

d)

d. Albert Claudio

59.

A homogenizer is a material that uses disruptive forces

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

60.

Homogeization means to" break open".

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

61.

e Enzymes are commonly used to degrade the cell wall components which leads to the release of intracellular compounds .

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

62.

Who developed the first analytical ultracentrifuge?

a)

a. Theodore Swedberg

b)

b. Theodore Schwann

c)

c. Theodore Roosebelt

d)

d. Theodore Theodore

63.

Particles suspended in a solution are pulled downward by earths gravitational force.

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

64.

Which of the centrifugal methods is the separation of organelles by size?

a)

a. Density gradient centrifugation

b)

b. Differential centrifugation

c)

c. both a and b

d)

d. a, b, and c

65.

What are marker enzymes?

a)

a. an enzyme that is known to be localized exclusively in the particular organelle

b)

b. indicates the level of contamination by other organelles

c)

c. stops chemical reaction

d)

d. a, b, and c are correct

66.

There are maker enzyes for major cell organelles.

a)

a,True

b)

b. False

67.

Marker enzymes also provides information on the biochemical of the______.

a)

a. fractionated organelle

b)

b. fractionated tissues

c)

c. fractionated organs

d)

d. a,b and c are correct

68.

choose the type of density gradient centrifugation

a)

a. Rate- Zonal centrifugation

b)

b. pellet

c)

cc. homogenizer

d)

d. supernatant

69.

Separation by density is done on____.

a)

a. density gradient centrifugation

b)

b. differential centrifugation

c)

c. both a and b

d)

d. not mentioned

70.

In a solution, what happens to a particles whose mass of density is higher than that of the solvent ?

a)

a. sink

b)

b. float

c)

c. remain balance

d)

d. all of the aove

71.

The centrifuge works using sedimentation principle.

a)

a. True

b)

b. False

72.
The physical separation of mixtures into individual components is..
a)
chromatography
b)
opacity 
c)
latent
d)
trace evidence 
73.
Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined is a ___
a)
compound
b)
mixture
c)
keratin
d)
chromatography
74.
Two or more substances that are chemically combined is a ___
a)
compound
b)
mixture
c)
solvent
d)
solute
75.

Ink can be separated by a method of -----------------------------------------------

a)

distillation

b)

filtration

c)

chromatography

d)

sedimentation

76.
chromatography separates the mixture of dyes on the basis of their ----------------------------
a)
density
b)
solubility
c)
gravity
d)
boiling point
77.
A pure substance shows ------------------ spot on chromat gram
a)
0
b)
1
c)
2
d)
3
78.
Dyes in water soluble markers may be separated by means of..
a)
crystallization
b)
sublimation
c)
chromatography
d)
sedimentation
79.
A chromatography experiment uses water as a mobile phase. Which of the following would have the highest Rf value
a)
ethanol
b)
propanol
c)
butanol
d)
pentanol
80.
The substance in the mixture that has the greatest affinity for the stationary phase will travel
a)
fastest
b)
slowest
81.

A substance is soluble if it can be dissolved.


In paper chromatography, the most soluble solute _____________________ .

a)

does not move from the start point

b)

stays closest to the start point

c)

travels furthest away from the start point

d)

can be found in the middle of the chromatogram

82.

What is chromatography?

a)

A way to see pretty colors

b)

A laboratory technique used to separate a mixture.

c)

A form of distillation

83.

What molecules move up the paper to carry the different colors of ink?

a)

color

b)

fat

c)

water

84.

Which of the following mixture/s is/are separated by chromatography?

a)

Pigments from natural colours

b)

Colours in a dye

c)

Colours of flowers extracts

d)

All the above

85.

Which of the following is correct about chromatography?

a)

It separates those solutes that dissolve in the same solvent.

b)

It separates those solutes that dissolve in different solvents.

c)

It separates a solute that dissolves in a solid solvent.

d)

It separates gaseous solutes from liquid solvents.

86.
Why is Chromatography useful?
a)
It can be used as medicine.
b)
It can be used for finding clues at a crime scene
c)
It can be used to make bombs.
d)
It can reduce the lack of food and water.
87.
Why must the base line be drawn in pencil and not pen?
a)
a) Pencil is good at keeping substances in place.
b)
b) Pencil is soluble in water
c)
c) Pencil is insoluble in water
d)
d) Pencil is not coloured
88.

If a substance is not soluble in the solvent, what happens to the spot placed on the start line?

a)

a) Dot moves to the top of the paper

b)

b) Dot does not move at all

c)

c) Dot moves to the left or right

d)

d) Dot moves down to the bottom of the paper

89.

In paper chromatography, the LEAST soluble solute ____.

a)

does not move from the start point

b)

stays closest to the start point

c)

travels furthest away from the start point

d)

can be found in the middle of the chromatogram

90.
In chromatography, if a solute does not separate and remains on the start line ....
a)
the solute is insoluble in the solvent
b)
the solute is soluble in the solvent
c)
the solvent is insoluble in the solute
d)
the solvent is soluble in the solute
91.
Two or more substances that are chemically combined is a ___
a)
compound
b)
mixture
c)
solvent
d)
solute
92.
The mobile phase in paper chromatography is typically a
a)
plasma
b)
solid
c)
gas
d)
liquid
93.
The substance in the mixture that has the greatest affinity for the stationary phase will travel
a)
fastest
b)
slowest
94.
The substance in the mixture that has the greatest affinity for the mobile phase will travel
a)
fastest
b)
slowest
95.
The retention factor is used
a)
to zero the chromatography scale
b)
to identify unknown compounds in a sample
c)
to retain solvent
d)
as a starting tool for chromatography
96.

A substance is soluble if it can be dissolved.


In paper chromatography, the most soluble solute _____________________ .

a)

does not move from the start point

b)

stays closest to the start point

c)

travels furthest away from the start point

d)

can be found in the middle of the chromatogram

97.

Chromatography separates a mixture of dyes on the basis of their

a)

density or weight

b)

gravity

c)

boiling point

98.

Which ink is a mixture of different inks?

a)

red

b)

black

c)

blue

d)

yellow

99.

What molecules move up the paper to carry the different colors of ink?

a)

color

b)

fat

c)

water

100.

Which color dye had the greatest density or weight?

a)

red

b)

green

c)

blue

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