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Benchmark #2 Biology Review

Total questions: 105

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a trait?

a)

Your DNA

b)

The things that make an individual unique

c)

Common characteristics in a species

d)

Chromosomes

2.

Where are "Genes" found?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Centrosomes

d)

Chromosomes

3.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

23

b)

92

c)

46

d)

184

4.

How do we write DOMINANT alleles?

a)

Capital letters

b)

Lower case

5.

How do we write recessive alleles?

a)

Capital letters

b)

Lower case

6.

An individual has the phenotype Bb. Will they express the dominant or recessive trait?

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

7.

The passing of traits from parent to child is known as _______________.

a)

heredity

b)

gene

c)

DNA

d)

RNA

8.

Which of the following is homozygous recessive?

a)

RR

b)

Rr

c)

rR

d)

rr

9.

Which genotypes are heterozygous?

a)

EE

b)

tt

c)

Rr

d)

Both EE and tt

10.

Which genotypes are homozygous dominant?

a)

EE

b)

tt

c)

Rr

d)

Both EE and tt

11.

Which genotypes are homozygous?

a)

EE

b)

tt

c)

Rr

d)

Both EE and tt

12.

_____ is the genetic makeup of an organism and is represented by two letters, one for each allele.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

13.

A ____ is a region of DNA that controls a trait.

a)

gene

b)

phenotype

c)

chromatin

d)

genotype

14.

The ____ is the physical appearance of an organism.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

15.

Passing traits from parents to their offspring

a)

Genetics

b)

Heredity

c)

Punnett square

d)

Monohybrid cross

16.

The study of heredity is called

a)

Science

b)

DNA

c)

Dominant

d)

Genetics

17.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
18.
The man who studied genetics and came up with genetics is
a)
Watson
b)
Crick
c)
Mendel
d)
Darwin
19.
What law states that in Tt the person will only show the dominant allele
a)
law of segregation
b)
law of independent assortment
c)
law of dominance
d)
law of punnett squares
20.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
21.

Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Homozygous

d)

Sex-linked

22.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
23.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
24.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
25.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
26.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
27.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
28.

When one allele is not dominant over another, resulting in a blended phenotype for heterozygous offspring is considered....

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

29.

When one allele is not dominant over the other, resulting in both traits expressed in a heterozygous individual.....

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

30.

Some flowers are controlled by codominance. Red flowers (RR), blue flowers (BB) and Speckled flowers (RB).


Cross a red flower with a speckled flower. What is the phenotypic ratio?

a)

2 red, 2 speckled

b)

2 red, 2 blue

c)

2 blue, 2 speckled

31.

Some flowers are controlled by codominance. Red flowers (RR), blue flowers (BB) and Speckled flowers (RB).


Cross two speckled flowers.

a)

1 red, 2 speckled, 1 blue

b)

2 red, 2 blue

c)

2 blue, 2 speckled

d)

1 red, 1 speckled, 2 blue

32.

In mice coat color is incompletely dominant. Black and white are homozygous. Brown mice are heterozygous.


What is the genotype for a brown mouse?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

33.
This is an example of ___________?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
34.
This is an example of ___________.
a)
 Incomplete Dominance
b)
 Codominance
35.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
36.
In chickens, feather color is codominant.  If a black chicken BB is mated with one that is black and white (BW) what are the chances of having a chicken that is black and white?
a)
50%
b)
0%
c)
25%
d)
100%
37.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
38.

If one of your parents is blood type A and the other is type B, which of the following blood types could you be?

a)

O

b)

AB

c)

A or B

d)

Any of these

39.
Universal blood donors have type ______ blood.
a)
A
b)
AB
c)
B
d)
O
40.
What are the blood types of the possible children that a woman (type O) and man (type AB) can have?
a)
O and AB
b)
O and A
c)
O and B
d)
A and B
41.

This law describes how each member of a homologous pair is pulled randomly to one side or another in anaphase I

a)

Law of Segregation

b)

Law of Independent Assortment

c)

Law of Gravity

d)

Law of Mathematical Order

42.

The exchange of pieces of chromatin between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis is called

a)

independent assortment

b)

mutation

c)

crossing over

d)

random fertilization

43.

Which process is shown in the image?

a)

crossing over

b)

independent assortment

c)

segregation

d)

mutation

44.

What contributes to genetic variation?

a)

crossing over

b)

law of independent assortment

c)

law of segregation

d)

gene linkage

45.

This law describes how each homologous pair of chromosomes may align on either side of the cell's middle plate or "equator" and that one homologous pair alignment does not affect the alignment of other pairs during Metaphase I of Meiosis I.

a)

Law of Segregation

b)

Law of Independent Assortment

c)

Law of Gravity

d)

Law of Mathematical Order

46.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
47.
What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
100%
48.

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

49.

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the Middle

a)

Metaphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Telophase

d)

Anaphase

50.

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct Order

a)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

b)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

c)

Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

d)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

51.

In which phase of Mitosis do the Chromosomes pull Apart

a)

Metaphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

52.

In the Cell Cycle, DNA is replicated during ____________.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Interphase

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Telephase

53.
Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Interphase
54.
What do the cells look like at the end of mitosis?
a)
different from original cell
b)
similar to the original cell
c)
identical to the original cell
d)
none of these
55.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
56.

What is the correct order of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase, Cytokinesis, Mitosis

b)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

c)

Cytokinesis, Mitosis, Interphase

d)

Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

57.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
58.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
59.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
60.
Which letter(s) in the diagram correspond to cells that are haploid? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A and B
61.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many
62.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
63.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
64.
Crossing over helps promote 
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
65.
Chromosomes exchange genetic material during 
a)
crossing over
b)
replication
c)
synthesis
d)
translation
66.
A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
69
d)
92
67.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
68.

Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?

a)

Anaphase

b)

S Phase

c)

G1 Phase

d)

Interphase

69.

One difference between cell division in plant and animal cells is during cytokinesis plant cells have —

a)

cleavage

b)

a cell plate

c)

chromosomes

d)

centrioles

70.
a)

INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION

b)

TAKES PLACE IN PROPHASE I

c)

CROSSING OVER

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

71.

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

a)

LIFE SPAN

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

72.

MITOSIS

a)

INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION

b)

ALLOWS TRAITS TO BE PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING

c)

PRODUCES 2 IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

73.

MEIOSIS PRODUCES 4 CELLS-THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER IS ...

a)

DIPLOID

b)

HAPLOID

74.

MEIOSIS PRODUCES 4 CELLS, THEY ARE

a)

N

b)

2N

c)

3N

75.

1N AND N MEAN THE SAME THING (LIKE MATH)

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

76.

A protein is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

77.

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

78.

A lipid is a macromolecule that is used to...

a)

give cells/systems energy.

b)

build cell parts.

c)

give cells/systems long term energy storage.

d)

help cells with chemical processes.

79.

This macromolecule looks like a beaded chain.

a)

nucleic acid

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

carbohydrate

80.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
81.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
82.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
83.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
84.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
85.

Which macromolecule is shown?

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

86.
Where does photosynthesis take place in the plant cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)

Chloroplast

d)
Mitochondria
87.
What is one of the "ingredients" for photosynthesis?
a)
Sugar (Glucose)
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Yeast
88.
What are the two products of photosynthesis?
a)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
b)

Oxygen and Sugar

c)
Sunlight and Sugar
89.
What is the opposite reaction of photosynthesis called?
a)
Cellular Respiration
b)
Fermentation
c)
Photosynthetic Process
d)
Non-photosynthesis
90.
Pigment in green plants that captures the energy in sunlight is called _______.
a)
Pigment
b)
Chlorophyll
c)
Stomata
d)
Green Thing
91.
Where does CO2 enter the leaves through?
a)
Roots
b)
Stem
c)
Chloroplasts
d)
Stomata
92.
Plants take in Oxygen to give us Carbon Dioxide to breathe.
a)
True
b)
False
93.
The three things plants need are sunlight, water, and CO2 for photosynthesis.
a)
True
b)
False
94.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
95.
Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
mitochondria
d)
vacuoles
96.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
97.
The main source of energy for all life comes from ____.
a)
the Earth
b)
the moon
c)
the sun
d)
the food we eat/make
98.

This is the chemical formula for a molecule of...

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

99.

The term aerobic means

a)

wine-making

b)

with carbon dioxide

c)

without carbon dioxide

d)

with oxygen

e)

without oxygen

100.
What is the energy molecule?
a)
DNA
b)
ATP
c)
RNA
d)
AAA
101.
To get the most ATP molecules for energy in cellular respiration, you have to have lots of ?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
102.

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?

a)

Both processes destroy energy.

b)

Both create energy.

c)

Photosynthesis breaks down sugar while cellular respiration produces sugar.

d)

Both processes transfer energy from one form to another.

103.

One molecule needed for cellular respiration is

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

glucose

c)

water

d)

chlorophyll

104.
The following diagram shows the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.  What products of photosynthesis are starting material for cellular respiration?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
heat energy and ATP
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
light energy and chlorophyll
105.
How are plant cells different from animal cells?
a)
Only plant cells can grow
b)
Only animal cells can reproduce
c)
Only animal cells can store energy
d)
Only plant cells can perform photosynthesis

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