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Unit 2: Genetics Test Review

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The cells coming together in fertilization are ___________and the final product after fertilization is ____________.

a)

diploid- (2 of each chromosome); diploid- (2 of each chromosome)

b)

diploid-(2 of each chromosome); haploid-(1 of each chromosome)

c)

haploid-(1 of each chromosome); diploid-(2 of each chromosome)

d)

haploid-(1 of each chromosome); haploid-(1 of each chromosome)

2.
Who determines the gender of a boy?
a)
Boys receive a Y chromosome from mom; X from dad
b)
Boys receive an X chromosome from mom and dad
c)
Boys receive a Y chromosome from mom and dad
d)
Boys receive an X chromosome from mom; Y from dad
3.
What is heredity?
a)
traits passed down from parents to offspring during meiosis
b)
traits passed down from parents to offspring during mitosis
c)
traits passed down through the blood of the mother during pregnancy
d)
traits passed during protein translation
4.
What DOESN'T cause genetic variation?
a)
crossing over in meiosis
b)
protein synthesis
c)
errors in DNA replication
d)
mutations
5.

What causes genetic variation in a population? Select all that apply!

a)
crossing over in meiosis
b)
protein synthesis
c)
errors in DNA replication
d)

random mutations

6.
What is a genotype?
a)
The physical expression of a trait
b)
Part of a gene
c)
double helix
d)
All of an organism's genes
7.
What is an allele?
a)
different forms of a gene
b)
all of an organism's genes
c)
physical expression of a trait
d)
double helix
8.
What happens during crossing over?
a)
the mixing of chromosomes, which has no effect on genetic variation
b)
the mixing of chromosomes, which reduces genetic variation
c)
whole chromosomes are exchanged which increases genetic variation
d)
alleles are exchanged which increases genetic variation
9.
What is a mutation?
a)
always beneficial
b)
always harmful
c)
scientists change DNA
d)
random change in DNA
10.

heterozygous

a)

Bb

b)

BB

c)

bb

11.

homozygous dominant trait

a)

Bb

b)

BB

c)

bb

12.

homozygous recessive trait

a)

BB

b)

bb

c)

Bb

13.

Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Cross heterozygous brown eyes with homozygous blue eyes.

a)

Ee x Ee

b)

EE x ee

c)

Ee x ee

d)

Ee x EE

14.

Codominance

Brown cows and white cows are both dominant. Cross a brown cow with a spotted cow.

a)

BB x WW

b)

BB x BW

c)

BW x BW

d)

BB x BB

15.

Incomplete Dominance

Red flower are dominant to white flowers. Cross a red flower with a pink flower.

a)

RR x Rr

b)

RR x rr

c)

Rr x Rr

d)

Rr x rr

16.

Brown eyes are dominant to green eyes. What is the percent chance a child will have green eyes if mom is heterozygous brown eyes and dad is also heterozygous for brown eyes.

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

17.

Which of the following will be in box 4?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

18.

Which of the following will be in box number 3?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

19.

What are the building blocks of DNA?

a)

nucleotides

b)

lipids

c)

amino acids

d)

polysaccharides

20.

In molecules of DNA, which nitrogenous base bonds with guanine?

a)

cytosine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

21.

What is the role of DNA?

a)

To transmit genetic information

b)

To transmit chemical energy

c)

To store food

d)

To store enzymes

22.

Pairs of genes that control the same trait are known as

a)

alleles

b)

hybrids

c)

gametes

d)

loci

23.

Within which organelle does transcription (DNA -->mRNA) occur?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

cytoplasm

d)

centriole

24.

Within which organelle does translation (mRNA-->protein) occur?

a)

ribosome

b)

nucleus

c)

lysosome

d)

golgi bodies

25.

If one strand of DNA molecule has the base sequence C-C-G-T-A-G, the complimentary strand of DNA would have the base sequence

a)

G-G-C-A-T-C

b)

C-C-G-T-A-G

c)

T-T-A-C-G-A

d)

G-G-C-A-U-C

26.

As part of its structure, a known gene contains the base sequence A-A-T-C-G-A. An alteration of this sequence to A-A-C-C-G-A is known as a

a)

deletion

b)

mutation

c)

disjunction

d)

segregation

27.

If a molecule of DNA with the base sequence A-G-C-T is used as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), the corresponding base sequence for the RNA would be

a)

T-C-G-A

b)

T-C-G-U

c)

U-C-G-A

d)

U-G-C-T

28.

In the picture, which set of chromosomes shows a HOMOLOGOUS PAIR of chromosomes?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

29.

a human skin cell is very different in structure and function from a heart muscle cell in the same person. This is best explained by the fact that

a)

different genes function in each type of cell

b)

heart muscle cells can reproduce but skin cells cannot

c)

skin cells contain fewer chromosomes than heart muscle cells

d)

different DNA is present in each type of cell

30.

Snowshoe hares grow white fur in the winter months and brown fur in the summer months. This change in fur color shows that

a)

the expression of certain genes is affected by temperature

b)

random alterations of DNA can occur on certain chromosomes

c)

mutations are caused by changes in temperature

d)

the genes of hares are made of unstable DNA

31.

Mutations can be passed from one generation to the next only if they are present in

a)

gametes

b)

body cells

c)

brain cells

d)

cells created by mitosis

32.

Using the pedigree chart, What is the relationship of individual 1 to individual 2?

a)

Individual 1 is the grandparent of individual 2

b)

Individual 1 is the great grandparent of individual 2

c)

Individual 1 is the great grandson of individual 2

d)

Individual 1 has no relationship to individual 2

33.

Using the pedigree chart shown, what is the genotype of individual 1's daughter?

a)

EE

b)

Ee

c)

ee

d)

Can't be determined

34.

A karyotype is shown in the picture. The karyotype indicates that the individual is a

a)

Normal male

b)

Normal female

c)

Male with Down's syndrome

d)

Female with Down's syndrome

35.

One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by

a)

Recombinant DNA technology

b)

Cloning

c)

Meiosis/ Fertilization

d)

Gel electrophoresis

36.

The picture shows the process used to clone the first mammal, Dolly the sheep. Which statement concerning Dolly is correct?

a)

The chromosome makeup of Dolly is identical to the sheep she was cloned from.

b)

The chromosome makeup of Dolly is a mix of the sheep she was cloned from and the sheep that donated the egg cell.

c)

Dolly's chromosome makeup is unique to her only.

d)

Dolly is really a wolf in sheep's clothing.

37.

Which of the following represents a sperm that can unite with a normal egg to produce a zygote that will develop into a normal human male embryo?

a)

sperm with 22 chromosomes + XY

b)

sperm with 22 chromosomes + Y

c)

sperm with 22 chromosomes + X

d)

sperm with 46 chromosomes + XY

38.
Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait (c) carried on the X chromosome. Using the pedigree with the key provided, what is the genotype of person II-4?
a)
XCXc
b)
XCXC or XCXc
c)
XcXc
d)
Not enough information to determine
39.
A family has four children and they are all boys. What chance would there be that the next child would also be a boy?
a)
75%
b)
50%
c)
25%
d)
20%
40.
A purebred white cow and a purebred red cow mate and the offspring are all roan, which is where the red and white genes are expressed equally. What type of inheritance is this?
a)
Codominant
b)
Incomplete dominant
c)
Basic dominant/recessive
d)
Multiple alleles
41.
Some traits involve more than two genes, blood type in humans is an example. What type of inheritance is this?
a)
Codominant
b)
Incomplete dominant
c)
Basic dominant/recessive
d)
Multiple Alleles
42.
The genotype Aa, where there is one dominant and one recessive gene, is called?
a)
Homozygous recessive
b)
Homozygous dominant
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Codominant
43.
More than one gene determines the phenotype for one trait. Hair and skin color is an example. What is this called?
a)
Codominant
b)
Polygenic traits
c)
Incomplete dominance
d)
Multiple Alleles
44.
Color blindness is a recessive trait that is sex-linked. A female child is born color blind. Assuming there were no mutations, what are the likely genotypes of her father and mother?
a)
XcY, XCXc
b)
XCY, XCXc
c)
XCY, XcXc
d)
XcY, XCXC
45.

The allele that is hidden unless paired with another allele of the same type

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

46.
Study of Heredity
a)
Biology
b)
Geology
c)
Genetics
d)
Cellology
47.

Passing of traits from parent to offspring

a)

genetics

b)

Punnett squares

c)

heredity

d)

mitosis

48.

different forms of a gene

a)

big or little

b)

simple or complex

c)

alleles

d)

codominant

49.

describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

50.

an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent

a)

hybrid

b)

purebred

51.

The graphic represents two parents that are_________ for a trait.

a)

Homozygous recessive

b)

Homozygous dominant

c)

Heterozygous

52.

Two different alleles combine to form a pair of alleles that are -

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

53.

The allele that is hidden unless paired with another allele of the same type

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

54.

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait.

a)

Chromosome

b)

Allele

c)

Gene

55.

The genetic makeup of a trait. For example: Tt or TT (T = tall height)

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

56.

The physical characteristic of a trait. For example: A tall pea plant

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

57.

On the Punnett Square above, which of the following shows the correct genotypes of the parents?

a)

bb x bb

b)

BB x BB

c)

BB x bb

d)

BB x Bb

58.

A red flower is crossed with a white flower and results in pink flowers. What is this called?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominant

59.
What structure carries genes from parents to offspring?
a)
Traits 
b)
Chromosomes
c)
Hybrid
d)
Purebred
60.
If an organism is called a hybrid, what alleles does it have?
a)
Two dominant alleles
b)
Two recessive alleles
c)
One dominant and one recessive allele
d)
A dominant trait
61.
 which is heterozygous ?  
a)
Tt
b)
TT
62.

Which is homozygous ?

a)

Bb

b)

AA

63.

This Punnett square shows a cross between ---

a)

A hybrid parent and a homozygous parent

b)

A heterozygous parent and a heterozygous parent

c)

Two homozygous parents

d)

Two hybrid parents

64.

What percent of the offspring are hybrids?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

65.

What percent of offspring will have be homozygous dominant?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

66.

This is an example of ---

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

67.

This is an example of

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

68.

Complete this Punnett square. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

69.

What is the dominant trait?

a)

yellow pea seeds

b)

green pea seeds

70.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
71.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
72.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
73.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
74.
DNA codes for...
a)
cholesterol
b)
proteins
c)
fatty acids
d)
a sandwich
75.

Some plants and animals reproduce asexually (budding, runners, etc. ), which is technically ---

a)

Cloning

b)

Selective breeding

c)

Genetic engineering

76.

Making changes in the DNA of one organism is ---

a)

selective breeding

b)

cloning

c)

genetic engineering

77.

A breeder of a champion German Shepard wants to make an exact copy of his champion dog. Which type of genetic technology can solve this problem?

a)

Cloning

b)

Genetic engineering

c)

Selective breeding

d)

Biomedical research

78.
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
79.

Which female in the second generation is a carrier?

a)

II-1

b)

II-3

c)

II-5

80.

How are individuals III-2 and II-4 related?

a)

Brother and sister

b)

Dad and daughter

c)

Uncle and niece

d)

Grandfather and granddaughter

81.

Which male has the trait because he received a trait from both of his parents?

a)

II-2

b)

II-4

c)

III-1

82.

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait.

a)

Chromosome

b)

Allele

c)

Gene

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