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Minerals and Rocks in the Geosphere Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The definition of a "mantle" is ...

a)

A layer molten lava

b)

The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface.

c)

The layer of hot, solid material between the Earth's crust and core.

d)

The outermost layer of the Earth's crust.

2.

The inner core of the Earth is ...

a)

full of Oreos.

b)

a dense sphere of solid iron and nickle at the center of the Earth.

c)

a layer of molten lava

d)

the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

3.

Information or data that is used to support a conclusion is known as ...

a)

a conclusion.

b)

a detail.

c)

peanut butter in a cup.

d)

evidence.

4.

A substance that contains one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into a simpler form is known as ...

a)

an element.

b)

proof.

c)

a cell.

d)

crust.

5.

True or false. The Earth is made up of multiple layers.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

A layer of molten iron and nickle that surrounds the inner core of the Earth is known as ...

a)

the outer crust.

b)

the inner crust.

c)

the top crust.

d)

pizza crust.

7.

A layer of rock that covers the Earth's surface is known as ...

a)

the outer mantle.

b)

Jolly Ranchers.

c)

the inner crust.

d)

crust.

8.

The ____________ is at the center of Earth.

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

core

d)

volcano

9.

Which layer of the earth is made of LIQUID iron and nickel?

a)

Inner core

b)

Outer core

c)

Mantle

d)

Crust

10.

We live on the solid outer layer of Earth called the

a)

magma

b)

mantle

c)

landform

d)

lithosphere/crust

11.

What is the correct order of Earth's Layers, starting from the surface, going toward the center?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

12.

Brain teaser: There are 5 apples and you take 3. How many apples do you have?

a)

5

b)

3

c)

2

d)

0

13.

Brain teaser: Johnny's mother had three children. The first was named April. The second child was named May. What was the third child's name?

a)

June

b)

July

c)

March

d)

Johnny

14.

produced by earthquakes and studied by geologists on how they travel through the Earths. They give clues about the structure of the interior.

a)

pressure

b)

seismic waves

c)

direct evidence

d)

indirect evidence

15.

results from a force pressing on an area. Inside the Earth greater force is produced from the mass of rock pressing down from above.

a)

pressure

b)

seismic waves

c)

direct evidence

d)

indirect evidence

16.

the layer of rock that produces Earths outer skin. This layer of solid rock includes both dry land and the ocean floor

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

crust

d)

Earth's magnetic field

17.

a layer of hot solid rock below the Earths crust that is about 3000 kilometers thick.

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

crust

d)

Earth's magnetic field

18.

scientist think the Earths magnetic field is caused by the movements in the liquid outer core which makes the planet act like a giant bar magnet

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

crust

d)

Earth's magnetic field

19.

the Earths crust and uppermost part of the mantle that is grouped into a single layer by geologists

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

lithosphere

d)

asthenosphere

20.

very hot layer of the mantle that is below the lithosphere

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

lithosphere

d)

asthenosphere

21.

Which of the following increases as depth increases into the Earth? (choose all that apply)

a)

time

b)

Pressure

c)

temperature

d)

density

22.

The crust includes both

a)

ocean water and dry land

b)

oxygen and ocean floor

c)

dry land and ocean floor

d)

oxygen and water

23.

The continental crust is made up of mainly

a)

stones

b)

rocks such as granite

c)

trees and grass

d)

fruity pebbles

24.
How a mineral reflects light from its surface
a)
crystal
b)
luster
c)
streak
d)
refraction
25.
The property of splitting easily along flat surfaces
a)
fracture
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
26.
How a mineral splits apart when it does not break evenly:
a)
streak
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
fracture
27.
The color of a minerals powder
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
hardness
d)
texture
28.
A ranking of a minerals from softest to hardest
a)
streak test
b)
luster test
c)
Mohs hardness scale
d)
fracture
29.
Minerals are the building blocks of _____________.
a)
elements
b)
atoms
c)
fossils
d)
rocks
30.
The hardest mineral on the Mohs Hardness scale
a)
Talc
b)
Obsidian
c)
Diamond
d)
Quartz
31.
The softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness scale
a)
Gypsum
b)
Talc
c)
Diamond
d)
Feldspar
32.
Geologist have identified over _____________ minerals.
a)
40
b)
400
c)
1000
d)
2000
33.
Minerals are inorganic which means that
a)
they were once parts of living things.
b)
renewable
c)
they were never part of anything living.
d)
they are nonrenewable
34.
A substance composed of a single kind of atom
a)
element
b)
compound
35.
Gold is an example of a/an
a)
compound
b)
element
36.
When 2 or more elements combine a/an __________ is formed.
a)
atom
b)
compound
37.

If a mineral can SCRATCH another one, it is -

a)

harder than the mineral

b)

weaker than the mineral

c)

the same mineral

38.

Calcite can scratch -

a)

Apatite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

39.

What type of property test is a mineralogist conducting when she rubs a mineral over a mirror, tile, or hard surface?

a)

Streak Test

b)

Luster Test

c)

Appearance Test

d)

Cracking Test

40.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
41.

Rocks formed by heat and pressure beneath the Earth's surface are...

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

magma

42.

Two types of igneous rocks are:

a)

Interior and exterior

b)

Intrusive and extrusive

c)

Inside and outside

d)

Enter and exit

43.
A solid material that is made up of one or more minerals.
a)
mineral
b)
rock
c)
fossil
d)
soil
44.
Rock formed from materials that have settles into layers from weathering
a)
igneous rock
b)
sedimentary rock
c)
metamorphic rock
45.
What is the small broken down pieces of rock called?
a)
dirt
b)
grime
c)
sediment
d)
popcorn
46.
A shiny material is described as having a __________________ luster
a)
metallic
b)
nonmetallic
47.
What is the LEAST useful way to identify a mineral?
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
color
d)
density
48.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
49.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
50.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
51.

What causes igneous rocks to form

a)

pressure

b)

cooling magma and lava

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

52.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
53.

How can a Metamorphic rock become an Igneous rock?

a)

Weathering and Erosion

b)

Compaction and Cementation

c)

Heat and Pressurew

d)

Melting and cooling

54.

A rock made of magma that cools inside the Earth and contains large crystals?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Magma

55.
Sometimes sediments move from one place to another and can settle in layers.  This process is called
a)
Weathering 
b)
Erosion
c)
Expansion
d)
Sedimentary layering
56.
What will happen as layers of sediment undergo great pressure for millions of years?
a)
A sedimentary rock will form.
b)
A metamorphic rock will form.
c)
An igneous rock will form.
d)
It will remain as layers of sediment.
57.
Sediments under great heat and pressure over millions of years form this type of rock.
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Igneous
58.
Hawaii was formed from volcanoes which means most of its land and rock is igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
59.
Which of the following best describes examples of erosion?
a)
Physical and chemical weathering
b)
Constant changes on the surface of the Earth
c)
Lakes and ponds
d)
Wind and moving water
60.
The process of breaking down rock is 
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Plucking
d)
Abrasion
61.
Wind, rain, chemicals and pressure are 4 ways that rocks can be broken down into smaller pieces.  These smaller pieces are called
a)
Pebbles
b)
Sand
c)
Sediments
d)
Granules
62.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Hot lava cools.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
63.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great pressure and heat.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
64.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great heat from the center of the Earth causes melting.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
65.
Not all rocks are made from minerals.
a)
True
b)
False

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