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Ecology Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Competition, disease, predators/prey are examples of ______.

a)

Density independent factors

b)

Density dependent factors

c)

Density neutral factors

d)

Density aquatic factors

2.

Natural disasters, temperature, human disturbance are examples of ____.

a)

Density dependent factors

b)

Density neutral factors

c)

Density independent factors

d)

Density zero factors

3.

Praying Mantis lay up to 300 eggs in one sac. Only about 1/5 of them will survive to adulthood. There is no parental care of offspring. What type of reproductive strategy do praying mantis have?

a)

K-selected

b)

R-selected

c)

P-selected

d)

B-selected

4.

Which of the following will cause a population size to INCREASE?

a)

Births & immigration

b)

Births & emigration

c)

Deaths & immigration

d)

Deaths & emigration

5.

Which of the following will cause a population size to decrease?

a)

Births & immigration

b)

Births & emigration

c)

Deaths & immigration

d)

Deaths & emigration

6.

Which survivorship curve is characterized by high mortality (deaths) after reproductive years?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

7.

Which survivorship curve is characterized by very high early mortality (deaths) but those that survive remain reproductively active for entire lifespan?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

8.

Which survivorship curve is characterized by constant mortality (deaths) throughout lifespan?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

9.

Polar bears have 1-3 cubs. Females raise the cubs for 2-3 years. Males begin to reproduce 8-10 years of age & females at 4-6 years. Polar bears live on average 25 years in the wild. What type of reproductive strategy do polar bears have?

a)

K-selected

b)

R-selected

c)

P-selected

d)

B-selectedpo

10.

Which type pf population growth is seen in the picture?

a)

Logistic growth

b)

Exponential growth

c)

Circular growth

d)

Negative growth

11.

Which type of population growth is seen in the picture?

a)

Logistic growth

b)

Exponential growth

c)

Circular growth

d)

Negative growth

12.

The dung beetle consumes dung. They store dung balls in burrows they have dug out and females lay eggs within them. This allows hatched larvae immediate access to food. Digging burrows and tunnels turns over and aerates the soil. The buried dung releases nutrients into the soil that benefits other organisms. In addition, the beetle’s use of dung leaves less available for flies to breed on, thus controlling some of the fly population. This is an example of what ecological concept?

a)

A habitat

b)

A niche

c)

An ecosystem

d)

A community

13.

The idea that no two similar species can occupy the same niche is (a)   .

14.

In order to limit competition, some organisms divide resources thus creating microhabitats. This is called __.

a)

competitive exclusion

b)

predation

c)

resource partitioning

d)

mutualism

15.
Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
16.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
17.

Which of the following shows the symbiotic relationship between the Rodent and the Bird?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Competition

18.

Hermit Crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Competition

19.
Two male Giraffes are fighting over the last green leaf of a tree that is dying.  
a)
Competition
b)
Mutualsim
c)
Predation
d)
Commensalism
20.
1.  A bee and a flower work together to benefit each other. This is an example of _________________. The bee helps the flower by pollinating it and the flower helps the bee by providing it with nectar. 
a)
commensal relationship 
b)
parasitic relationship 
c)
mutual relationship 
21.
A tick is a parasite to a horse. Which statement best describes the relationship between the tick and the horse? 
a)
a.  The tick helps the horse get food. 
b)
a.  The tick harms the horse by feeding on its blood. 
c)
a.  The horse harms the tick by feeding on its blood. 
d)
The tick does not affect the horse. 
22.
A coyote captures, kills, and eats a rabbit. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
23.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
24.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
25.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
26.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
27.

Breaking News! A new island has formed off of Hawaii! What must occur for it to become an ecosystem?

a)

Secondary Succession

b)

Aquatic succession

c)

Primary Succession

d)

Ferns must grow

28.

Select all description/s of an ecological niche from the following options.

a)

A fox sleeps in a burrow

b)

A bear helps clear lichen off rocks with it's feet when fishing in a stream

c)

A monkey swings off branches to reach fruit

d)

Two different species of bird exist in the same air space without interacting

e)

Birds eat seeds, then disperse them further away

29.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

30.

A keystone species fills a unique ecological niche and therefore carries unique functions in an ecosystem

a)

True

b)

False

31.

Why are bees considered a keystone species?

a)

The honey they make supports the bear population

b)

They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem

c)

They sting when threatened

d)

They live in hives

32.

Why are some sharks considered a keystone species?

a)

Because they are a top predator

b)

They scare off smaller fish that may overgraze an area of sea grass

c)

They are tertiary consumers

d)

They are cartilaginous

33.
Which best describes what a food chain shows you?
a)
Energy flow through an ecosystem
b)
Food flowing through an ecosystem
c)
Consumers going into other consumers
d)
Who eats who
34.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
35.
What is the role of a producer?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Gain energy from eating other organisms
c)
Keep other species from overpopulating
d)
Breaking down dead stuff 
36.
What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Eat other organisms to gain energy
c)
Make the food for the whole food chain
d)
Break down dead organisms and add nutrients to the soil
37.
Which of these organisms would receive energy from the snake?
a)
Plant
b)
Rabbit
c)
Mouse
d)
Hawk
38.
Which type of consumer eats plants only?
a)
Herbivores
b)
Omnivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Scavengers
39.
Which type of consumer eats meat only?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Omnivores
40.
Which type of consumer eats meat and plants?
a)
Herbivores
b)
Carnivores
c)
Omnivores
d)
Plants
41.

Observe the food chain above. Which organism’s population would increase if finches were removed from the ecosystem?

a)

Grass

b)

Grasshopper

c)

Snake

d)

Hawk

42.

The roadrunner is a desert bird that eats fruits and seeds. It also eats insects, spiders, scorpions, and rattlesnakes.


What would likely happen if the roadrunner population disappeared from its ecosystem?

a)

There would be no more fruits or seeds.

b)

There would a decrease in spider populations.

c)

The rattlesnake population would stay the same.

d)

There would be an increase in scorpion populations.

43.

In this food chain, where does the lizard get its energy from?

a)

plant

b)

grasshopper

c)

mushrooms

d)

sun

44.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)
They point to the organism that is being eaten.
b)
It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
c)
They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
d)
They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.
45.

How much energy gets transferred between trophic levels?

a)

90%

b)

50%

c)

10%

d)

0%

46.

In the food chain shown, assume the tree takes in 10,000 kcal of energy. How much energy will the snake get by consuming the mouse?

a)

1000 kcal

b)

100 kcal

c)

10 kcal

d)

1 kcal

47.

What organisms are missing from this food chain and are necessary for the cycling of nutrients?

a)

decomposers

b)

detritivores

c)

sun

d)

quaternary consumers

48.
In an energy pyramid, energy_______ as you move up the pyramid.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Stays the same
d)
Changes up and down
49.

What would happen to the bird if the green fish died out?

a)

the bird population would grow

b)

the bird population would die out

c)

the smaller fish will die out

50.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
51.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
a)
coyote
b)
insect
c)
lizard
d)
shrub
52.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
53.
What does NOT produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
54.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
55.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
56.

The main human activity that releases carbon dioxide is

a)

breathing

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

57.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)

soil

58.
All of the carbon in existence is continually recycled in the carbon cycle
a)
True
b)
False
59.

The total amount of the carbon on Earth is constant.

a)

True

b)

False

60.
Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
61.
Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.
a)
True
b)
False
62.

What process occurs when dead plant and animal matter decomposes and nitrogen is released back into the atmosphere?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Fixation

c)

Ammonification

d)

Denitrification

63.

In the nitrogen cycle, what does label A in the diagram represent?

a)

Gas

b)

Clouds

c)

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

d)

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

64.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when bacteria convert ammonium to nitrite and then into nitrate?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

65.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification