Process of creating or improving a product or service.

Research done without a specific product in mind.

Research that studies existing product problems or possible design improvements for current products.

Form of production in which raw and semifinished materials are processed, assembled, or converted into finished products.

Assembly process that produces a large number of identical products; usually involves an assembly line.

Manufacturing process in which raw materials constantly move through specially designed equipment that changes their form to make them more usable for consumption or further manufacturing.

Type of mass production where the same thing is done over and over to produce a product.

Manufacturing process that uses short production runs to make predetermined quantities of different products.

Process used to design and build a unique product to meet the specific needs of the purchaser.

The use of manufacturing techniques that use technology to produce customized products at a low per-unit cost.

Computer application that allows engineers to design and test products before they are even built.

An individual who is responsible for a time-limited, specific business initiative.

Process in which all manufacturing systems are designed and managed with computers.

Identifying the steps required in a manufacturing process, the time required to complete each step, and the sequence of the steps.

Determining the types of jobs that are required for each part of the production process, the number of people needed for each job, and the skills each person will need in order to do the job.

Planning the quantities of materials and supplies needed for production and the number of finished products required to fill customer orders.

When applied to services, having no physical form, visibility, or existence after consumer has used the service.

the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and promotional material.

the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately

the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service

the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence

the caring and individualized attention the business provides its customers