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STAAR Biology Review

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

a)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

b)

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base

c)

phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate

d)

adenine, thymine, and uracil

2.

In DNA, adenine pairs with _______, while guanine pairs with _______.

a)

uracil / cytosine

b)

thymine / uracil

c)

thymine / cytosine

d)

adenine / guanine

3.

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

ribose

c)

glucose

d)

galactose

4.

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

ribose

c)

glucose

d)

maltose

5.

Which nitrogen base does RNA have instead of thymine?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

uracil

6.

The process in which a section of DNA is used to produce a copy of mRNA is called:

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

mutation

d)

inheritance

7.

What is the funtion of tRNA?

a)

contains codons and carries an amino acid to the ribosome

b)

carries a sugar to the ribosome

c)

contains anticodons and carries an amino acid to the ribosome

d)

carries an amino acid to the nucleus

8.

Use the chart to find to amino acid that corresponds to the codon GGA:

a)

Alanine

b)

Glutamic Acid

c)

Lysine

d)

Glycine

9.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

no change

10.

What is the process shown in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

mutation

d)

transformation

11.

The 2 sex chromosomes found in a human female are:

a)

XX

b)

XY

12.

Trisomy 21 is also known as:

a)

Edward Syndrome

b)

Patau Syndrome

c)

Down Syndrome

d)

Turner Syndrome

13.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
14.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
15.
Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
16.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

a)

Metabolism

b)

Mitosis

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Homeostasis

17.
What is the capsid of a virus?
a)
the disease it causes
b)
the receptors to which it binds
c)
the genetic material
d)
its protein coat
18.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.
b)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
c)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
d)
A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.
19.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
20.

Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

passive transport

21.
Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by living cells and viruses?
a)
the presence of carbohydrates
b)
the ability to reproduce
c)
the presence of the nucleic acid
d)
a cell membrane
22.
This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
23.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
24.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. In which of the following human organs would meiosis occur?
a)
Liver
b)
Stomach
c)
Testis
d)
Lungs
25.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
26.
a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

27.
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Cell wall
c)
Diffusion
d)
Respiration
28.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
29.
The diagram above shows a model of species divergence among some primates. If this model is correct, the greatest genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species?
a)
Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons
b)
Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta
c)
Hylobates lar and Pongo pygmaeus
d)
Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta
30.
Zoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of specific groups of animals. These regions are determined by the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The map shows the zoogeographic regions proposed by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876.
The similarities of organisms in which two areas numbered above provide the best evidence for common ancestry between the organisms in both locations?
a)
1 and 2
b)
3 and 4
c)
5 and 6
d)
7 and 8
31.
The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry.

These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they —
a)
have the same basic structure
b)
perform the same function
c)
are the same size
d)
are parts of mammals
32.
The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —
a)
belong to the same species
b)
must range great distances to eat
c)
have very similar skeletal structures
d)
are descended from a common ancestor
33.
Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?
a)
The color patterns of the offspring of each species
b)
How much the size ranges of the two species differ
c)
The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses
d)
How closely related the two species are to each other
34.
An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor.

Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram?
a)
Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.
b)
Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears.
c)
Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.
d)
The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.
35.
Three species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa. The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map below.

Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?
a)
The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro
b)
The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times
c)
The common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa
d)
The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time
36.

What type of ecological succession begins with no soil, no life, only bare rock.

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succesion

37.

What type of treatment is used against bacteria?

a)

vaccine

b)

antibiotic

c)

vitamins

d)

cells

38.

Which of the following is a multicellular heterotroph that is non-motile (cannot move)?

a)

fungi

b)

plant

c)

animal

d)

bacteria

39.

The process that decodes mRNA into amino acids to build a protein

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

mitosis

d)

replication

40.

The process of building mRNA using DNA as a template (pattern)

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

mitosis

d)

replication

41.

Which of the following lists the phases of mitosis in order?

a)

PMAT

b)

MPAT

c)

TMAP

d)

AMPT

42.

Which of the following do viruses and bacteria have in common?

a)

Both living

b)

Both have genetic material (DNA)

c)

Both require a host to replicate

d)

Both are always harmful to humans

43.

A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

44.

Which molecule is a major source of energy for plants and animals?

a)

nucleic acid

b)

glucose (a carbohydrate)

c)

protein

d)

wax

45.

What trophic level has the most energy?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

decomposers

d)

tertiary consumers

46.

Which system sends hormones as feedback signals in the body?

a)

endocrine

b)

excretory

c)

immune

d)

nervous

47.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism is neither helped nor harmed; it is neutral.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

48.

If two species have a similar DNA sequence, we can conclude...

a)

that they share a recent common ancester

b)

that they are not related

c)

that they both carry out the same functions

d)

that they were/are alive at the same time

49.

One side of a DNA sequence is read as GGATA. What is the complementary DNA sequence? How would you transcribe to mRNA?

a)

CCTAT; CCUAU

b)

GGATA, CCUTU

c)

ATAGGA; CCTAG

d)

CCTAT; CCTAT

50.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
51.
The legs of crocodiles and mice have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way.  What type of structures are the leg bones?
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
fossilized structures
d)
vestigial structures
52.
Three-spined sticklebacks that harbor a tapeworm are less likely to perform courtship behavior correctly and are less successful reproducing. Which one of the following terms classifies the tapeworm's relationship to sticklebacks?
a)
Competition
b)
Mutualism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Parasitism
53.
Below is a food web diagram. Based on the diagram, it is reasonable to conclude that energy could follow which of the following paths as it cycles through this ecosystem?
a)
Sun ---> plant seeds ---> deer
b)
Plant seeds ---> field mouse ---> robin
c)
Eagle ---> deer ---> plant seeds
d)
Grass ---> deer ---> mountain lion
54.
How would the deaths of many individual organisms due to a random event such as a flood or fire most likely affect a population of plants?
a)
Adaptations would appear more quickly
b)
Biodiversity in the population would increase.
c)
Population size would decrease.
d)
New methods of reproduction would evolve.
55.
Animals respond to threats in their environment by attacking or escaping. Either response is the result, mostly, of interactions between_____ 
a)
the circulatory system and the reproductive system.
b)
the digestive system and the integumentary system
c)
the endocrine system and the muscular system.
d)
respiratory rates and defense against pathogens.
56.
Hollow, tube-like cells in plants, called xylem and phloem, work together with the leaves and roots to perform what function?
a)
support
b)
germination
c)
transport
d)
fertilization
57.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
58.
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
offspring are identical to parents
b)
offspring are resistant to viruses
c)
offspring are born live, rather thna from eggs
d)
offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
59.
What are the possible genotypes for this cross?
a)
TT = 25% Tt= 50% tt=25%
b)
all tall
c)
TT= 75% tt = 25%
d)
Tt = 100%
60.

What are anatomical structures that appear similar to each other?

a)

Vestigial structures

b)

Homologous structures

61.

The bones in the arms of birds, mammals, and amphibians are considered ________________ structures.

a)

homologous

b)

functional

62.
A body part or behavior that helps a living thing survive
a)
camoflage
b)
adaptation
c)
extiction
d)
instinct 
63.
What are the two major organ systems that work to defend the body from injury?
a)
Immune and Endocrine
b)
Integumentary and Nervous
c)
Excretory and Immune
d)
Integumentary and Immune
64.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
65.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
66.

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

a)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

b)

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base

c)

phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate

d)

adenine, thymine, and uracil

67.

Which nitrogen base does RNA have instead of thymine?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

uracil

68.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

no change

69.
What is the function of the vascular system in plants?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
reproduction
c)
responding to stimuli
d)
transporting water and nutrients
70.
What process uses carbon dioxide water and sunlight as reactants and produces glucose and oxygen?
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
making proteins
d)
transciption
71.
The rabbit in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Decomposer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
72.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
73.
Which shows a cell in hypotonic solution?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
It depends on the cell
74.
Bacteria and fungi feed on a dead log.  As they feed, the organisms break down the matter in the log and return vital nutrients to the ecosystem.  What is the role of the bacteria and fungi in the environment?
a)
producers
b)
habitat
c)
decomposers
d)
parasites
75.
 Which sequence depicts the correct order of protein synthesis within a cell? 
a)
DNA → mRNA → amino acids → proteins
b)
DNA → amino acids → mRNA → proteins
c)
 DNA → mRNA → proteins → amino acids
d)
DNA → proteins → amino acids → mRNA
76.
Which is the most closely related to the bumble bee, Bombus pennsylvanicus?
a)
Ammophila procera 
b)
Melissodes bimaculata 
c)
Bombus bimaculatus
d)
Ceratina calcerata
77.
The picture below is an example of _________________.
a)
osmosis
b)
isotonic
c)
diffusion
d)
active transport
78.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog

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