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Microorganism/Evolution/Taxonomy Review

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Population decline causes an extreme genetic drift called a ____.

a)

nonrandom mating

b)

founder effect

c)

bottleneck

d)

stabilizing effect

2.

Pertaining proteins

a)

Structure equals function

b)

Size equals form

c)

Style equals fans

d)

Quantity equals Quality

3.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people they know. One popular theory for the cause of AD is due to misfolded proteins called ____________ .

a)

prions

b)

viruses

c)

bacteria

d)

archaea

4.

Central dogma of molecular biology is

a)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

c)

RNA-PROTEIN-DNA

d)

ATC-TAG-ALA

5.

A diagram of an HIV infection is shown: Which conclusion about the HIV infection of a host cell do we know to be true?

a)

it takes place outside of living cells

b)

it relies on the host cell to reproduce

c)

it involves the process of meiosis

d)

it requires carbon dioxide

6.

Which of the following cell organelles would typically not be found in the root cell of a plant?

a)

chloroplast

b)

vacuole

c)

cell wall

d)

nucleus

7.

A team of students encounters an unknown organism in a field while conducting a biodiversity study. Some students think the organism is a plant, while others think it is a fungus.

a)

Is there a cell wall around the cells of the organism?

b)

Does the organism perform photosynthesis?

c)

Is there nervous tissue present in the organism?

d)

Does the organism reproduce sexually?

8.

A researcher determines an organism to be eukaryotic, unicellular, & autotrophic. In which taxonomic group should this organism be

a)

Bacteria

b)

Protista

c)

Archaebacteria

d)

Animalia

9.

If a man is heterozygous for tall then what does his genotype look like if T is the allele for tall.

a)

TT

b)

Tt

c)

tt

d)

none of theses

10.

What is the phenotype of a dog that is Bb, in which B is the allele for black hair?

a)

black hair

b)

brown hair

c)

blackish brown hair

d)

black and brown hair

11.

What important observation did Darwin make on the voyage shown here?

a)

same species on Galapagos as mainland

b)

Galapagos species were different than mainland species

c)

no life existed on the Galapagos

d)

populations on the Galapagos stayed the same

12.

What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce?

a)

prezygotic isolation

b)

postzygotic isolation

c)

non-reproductive isolation.

d)

speciation

13.

What evolutionary phenomena has occurred in these fishes?

a)

adaptive radiation

b)

coevolution

c)

cloning

d)

dependent evolution

14.

What are two main components of natural selection?

a)

vestigial structures and camouflage

b)

artificial selection and selective breeding

c)

variation and inheritance

d)

mimicry and artificial selection

15.

Look at the structures of this prokaryotic cell. What enables copies of plasmids to be transferred from other cells?

a)

flagella

b)

cell wall

c)

capsule

d)

pili

16.

A dormant cell produced by bacteria to withstand harsh conditions is called a (an) ____.

a)

chemotroph

b)

endospore

c)

bacteriophage

d)

capsule

17.

A protein that can cause infection or disease is called a ____.

a)

lytic virus

b)

retrovirus

c)

bacteriophage

d)

prion

18.

Viruses enter ____ in order to replicate.

a)

a host cell

b)

another virus

c)

dead cells

d)

nitrogen

19.

Which of these is part of a virus's structure?

a)

genetic material

b)

capsid

c)

protein unit

d)

pili

20.

Mad Cow disease is caused by a/an (mark all that apply)

a)

prion

b)

endospore

c)

archaea

d)

virus

21.
A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Protist
d)
Fungi
22.
A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
a)
Protist
b)
Virus
c)
Bacteria
d)
Capsid
23.
Outer protein coat of a virus.
a)
Envelope
b)
Capsid
c)
Cell Wall 
d)
Chitin
24.
The variable that is measured in an experiment.
a)
Independent Variable
b)
Dependent Variable
25.
The variable that is changed in an experiment.
a)
Independent Variable
b)
Dependent Variable
26.
Cycle of viral infection; results in replication of virus and cell destruction.
a)
Lytic Cycle
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Calvin Cycle 
d)
Denitrification
27.
Cycle in which a viral genome replicates as a provirus without destroying the host cell.
a)
Lytic Cycle
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Calvin Cycle
d)
Denitrification
28.
Acellular is a way to describe the following:
a)
Bacteria
b)
Protist
c)
Fungi 
d)
Virus
29.
What is the name of a virus that infects bacteria?
a)
Prions
b)
Bacteriophage
c)
Retrovirus
d)
Viroids
30.
 Viruses can reproduce (replicate) on a surface (ex: table, chair, etc.)
a)
True
b)
False
31.
Viruses are highly specific to the host cells that they can infect.
a)
True
b)
False
32.
Antibiotics can be used to treat a viral infection.
a)
True
b)
False
33.
Organisms that can only live inside another living cell?
a)
bacteria
b)
viruses
c)
protozoa
d)
fungi
34.
All bacteria are
a)
unicellular
b)
multicellular
c)
eukaryotic
35.
The smallest microorganism on earth is known as  _____________
a)
a virus
b)
bacteria
c)
algae
d)
fungi
36.

What is a living thing that is so small you need a microscope to see them?

a)

insect

b)

microorganism

c)

shrimp

d)

daisy

37.

You can find bacteria all over the world.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Bacteria reprodce asexually by a process called:

a)

Binary fission

b)

Conjugation

c)

Budding

d)

Binary fusion

39.

Which organisms have eggs with shells?

a)

sharks

b)

amphibians

c)

crocodiles

d)

birds

40.

Which of the following does NOT belong in the domain Eukarya?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Animals

c)

Plants

d)

Fungi

41.
Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:
a)
dichotmous key
b)
binomial nomenclature
c)
2 scientific names
d)
binomial key
42.
The scientific name of Humans is? 
a)
Homo Sapiens
b)
Homo Habilus 
c)
Canis Latrans
43.
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 
a)
artificial selection
b)
adaptation
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
tendency towards perfection
44.
Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? 
a)
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
b)
The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest. 
c)
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
d)
Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
45.

A change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

a)

mutation

b)

fitness

c)

transformation

46.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
47.

Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown.


Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?

a)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food.

b)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment.

c)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.

d)

Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many legs the adult organisms will have.

48.

Which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

fossils

49.
Which of the best illustrates natural selection?
a)
An organism with favorable genetic variation will tend to survive and breed successfully.
b)
A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat. forcing other species to migrate.
c)
A community whose members work together utalizing all existing resources and migratory routes.
d)
The largest organisms in a species recieve the only breeding opportunities.
50.
Fish, reptiles, and mammals each have gill slits during part of their embryological development.  Which statement best explains this observation?
a)
Their embryos all swam in the sea.
b)
They each evolved one from the other.
c)
The had a common ancestor.
d)
They do not excrete gases during their development.
51.
 _________ are similar structures found in groups of related organisms. 
a)
vestigial structures 
b)
homologous structures 
c)
analogous structures
d)
none of these options
52.
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
a)
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
b)
undergone mutations
c)
the smallest number of offspring
d)
variations best suited by the environment.
53.
The diagrams represent the forelimbs of three different vertebrates. Which field of study, providing evidence of evolution, is represented by the similarity in bone structure among these organisms? 
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative chemistry
c)
comparative anatomy
d)
none of these options
54.
What is this an example of?
a)
diversity of species
b)
variation
c)
vestigial structures
d)
DNA studies
55.
Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection? 
a)
People selectively breeding hamsters.
b)
Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.
c)
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
d)
Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.
56.
If 10 people live in an island and no one can enter or exit, what is the only way new traits can be introduced into the population?
a)
Natural Selection 
b)
Artificial Selection 
c)
Selective Breeding
d)
Mutations 
57.
Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structures are called?
a)
Darwinian
b)
Larmarkin
c)
homologous
d)
fossils
58.
When farmers select the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that produce the most milk for breeding it is called 
a)
natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
survival of the fittest
d)
variation
59.
A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a snakes’s legs are examples of 
a)
homologous traits
b)
vestigial organs
c)
embryonic mates
60.
When a populations allele frequency is effected by random chance it is an example of?
a)
Natural selection
b)
Genetic drift
c)
Artificial selection
d)
Mutations
61.

Select which of the folowing are parts of a virus:

a)

Plasma membrane

b)

Capsid

c)

Nucleic acid

d)

Nucleus

62.

Organisms that cannot be seen with unaided eyes are?

a)

Micrones

b)

Microbials

c)

Microorganisms

d)

Microbiology

63.

The type of corona virus that is currently causing pandemic worldwide is

a)

SARS

b)

MERS

c)

COVID-12

d)

COVID-19

64.

What is a living thing that is so small you need a microscope to see them?

a)

insect

b)

microorganism

c)

shrimp

d)

daisy

65.
Homo sapiens is the human  ________ & ________ name
a)
Genus, species
b)
Species, genus
c)
Phylum, family
d)
Family, Phylum
66.
Which kingdoms are prokaryotic?
a)
Archaebacteria and Animalia
b)
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
c)
Fungi and Protista
d)
Plantae and Eubacteria
67.
According to the chart which species is closest related to the dog?
a)
Lion
b)
Fox
c)
Coyote
d)
Wolf
68.
Which part is the capsid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
69.
Which part would be the genetic information for making more viruses?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
70.
What type of cells are infected by HIV?
a)
T - Cells
b)
White Blood Cells
c)
Muscle Cells
d)
Nerve Cells
71.
What is the correct order of organization?
a)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
b)
cell-tissue-organs-organ systems-organism
c)
organism-cells-tissues-organ systems-organism
d)
tissues-cells-organs-organ sytems-organism
72.
A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Protist
d)
Fungi
73.
Are microorganisms helpful or harmful?
a)
Helpful
b)
Harmful
c)
Both
d)
Neither
74.
Which two examples below are helpful bacteria?
a)
Medicine and Cherry Coke
b)
Yogurt and bread
c)
Salmonella and E. Coli
d)
Water and germs
75.
What is Penicillin (medicine) made from?
a)
Water
b)
Sugar
c)
Mold
d)
Algae
76.
Harmful viruses can cause:
a)
Colds
b)
Influenza
c)
Both of the above
d)
Neither of the above
77.
A piece of bread has a tiny spot of mold growing on it. Is it safe to eat?
a)
Yes
b)
No
78.
Microorganisms can be found:
a)
The the ocean, inside and outside your body
b)
On plants and animals
c)
In medicine and your food
d)
All of the above
79.
Toxic algae is:
a)
Helpful
b)
Harmful
c)
Both
d)
Neither
80.
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
a)
Heterotrophs are producers and autotrohps are consumers
b)
Heterotrophs cannot be changed and autotrophs can change themselves
c)
Heterotrophs are consumers and autotrophs are producers
d)
Heterotrophs cannot move and autotrophs can move
81.
Protists that make their own food are...
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Heterotrophs
c)
Plantotrophs
d)
Sigotrophs
82.
Which of the following protist would use chlorophyll to obtain food?
a)
A plant-like protist
b)
an animal-like protist
c)
a fungus-like protist
d)
a pseudopod-like protist
83.
What is the main purpose for eating?
a)
To end hunger
b)
To undergo photosynthesis
c)
To get energy
d)
To produce glucose
84.
Without plants, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would...
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
Plants have nothing to do with carbon dioxide
85.
Bacteria are only found in dirty places
a)
True
b)
False

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