WorksheetsBiology117 Final
Total questions: 109
Worksheet time: 57mins
According to Fick's law, a decrease in which of these terms would result in a decreased diffusion rate?
Rate of Diffusion = k A (P2-P1/D)
A
P2-P1
D
A and B
A, B, and C
What have a thicker layer of muscle and fiborous tissue?
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Flowering occurs in a long-night plant when the hours of darkness the plant experiences exceed the critical period.
(a)
What confromation is the receptor in after it recieves far red light?
Pfr
Pr
Phototropin
Phosphorylated phototropin
Gibberellins main function is
involved in phototropism
promotes lateral budding
stimulates fruit ripening
stimulates cell division
inhibits seed germination
Ethylenes main function is...
Involved in phototropism
promotes lateral budding
stimulates fruit ripening
inhibits seed germination
Auxin main function is...
involved in phototropism
promotes lateral budding
stimulates cell division
inhibits seed germination
Cytokinins main funcion is...
involved in phototropism
promotes lateral budding
stimulates cell division
inhibits seed germination
Abscisic acid main function is...
stimulates cell division
promotes lateral budding
stimulates fruit ripening
inhibits seed germination
How do water soluable horomones differ from lipid soliable horomones?
Water soluable horomones readily cross the plasma membrane
Water soluable horomones are longer lived in the bloodstream
Water soluable are more structurally complex
Water soluable horomones bind to the receptors on the surface of the cell
Which of the following happens during reception?
Activation of cellular responses
A ligand binds to a recptor on the plasma membrane
Proteins of a signal transduction pathway act as relay molecules
Cells shed and receptors bind
What would happen if T3/T4 levels were abnormally low?
The anterior pituitary would secrete more TSH
The hypothalamus would secrete more TRH
The thyroid would increase prouction of T3/T4
The low levels would inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
What is the main function of helper T cells?
Activate the cell-mediated and humoral response
Produce cells that create antibodies for a specific antigen when activated
Detect and kill infected body cells
Ingest an antigen and present it to other cells of the immune system
Which type of immune response would occur moe quickly?
A specific response
A non-specific response
Which of the following best describes an antigen?
Secreted proteins produced by plasma cells
Foreign molecules that initiate an immune response
A drug used to treat a bacterial infection
What is the function of B cells?
Detect information and sounds an alarm in the adaptive response
Produce cells that create antibodies for a specific antigen when activated
Detect and kill infected body cells
Ingest an antigen and present it to other cells of the immune system
What is an antigen presenting cell?
A cell that can recognize an antigen floating freely in the body and produce plasma cells
A cell that engulfs an antigen and displays pieces of it to other immune cells
A cell that requires antigen display and sends signals to other immune cells
A cell that produces antibodies
Which of the following happens first in B cell activation?
Helper T cells release cytokines
B cells bind an antigen
B cells present an antigen to the helper T cells
Activated B cells divide by mitosis
Which of the following is a B-cell receptor?
Label A
Label B
Label C
Label D
Vaccines function
by giving an individual a less deadly form of the disease
to help create an individual fight an ongoing infection
to create memory cells
by killing pathogens that can cause infections
Which of the following types of vaccine is correctly mtched to its defintion?
subunit/conjugate= a specific viral protein or carb
inactivated= weakened virus that can no longer cause illnesses
attenuated= virus is unactivated by heat or chemicals
PTH is a polypetitde. You would predict that PTH is...
water soluable
lipid soluable
Two antagonistic horomones maintain homeostasis of blood calcium levels. PTH causes bones to
release Ca2+
absorb Ca2+
produce more Ca2+
PTH causes kidneys to...
Increase uptake of Ca2+
Decrease uptake of Ca2+
Produce more of Ca2+
Hyperparathyroidism results in the production of ...
Too much T3/T4
Too little T3/T4
Too much PTH
Too little PTH
Which of the following might provide a cure for a patient with hyperparathyroidism?
Surgically remove most of the parathyroid glands
Surgically remove most of the thyroid gland
Administer a calcium supplement
Administer calcitonin
The insulin horomone pathway is an example of a...
water solubale horomone pathway
lipid soluable horomone pathway
Which of the following is true about types chemical signals in animals?
Autocrine signals act on the same cell that secretes them
Endocrine signal diffuse locally and act on nearby cells
Pararine signal horomnes carried between distal cells by blood or other body fluids
In the pathway controlling thyroid horomone, secretion of T, by the thyroid is an example of...
Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Neuroendocrin
Regulation of thyroid horomone production is an example of a ___ pathway
Endocrine
Neuroendocrine
Neuroendocrine -> Endorcine
The thyroid is involed in...
Blood glucose homeostasis
Blood Calcium homeostasis
Osmoregulation
Ovulation
If someone has a hyperactive thyroid then you would predict her blood work would show that she has ___ levels of T4
High
Low
Normal
Which of the following happens during transduction?
Activation of cellular responses
A Ligand binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane
Proteins of a signal transduction pathway act as relay molecules
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipid solubale horomone signaling?
Binds to receptors on the surface of the cell
Triggers a protein messengar cascade inside the cell
Forms a horomone-receptor complex that can bind to DNA
An alternative form of a gene that is found in the same location on each member of a homologous pair of chromosomes is called a...
Locus
Allele
Heterzygous
Homozygous
Disruptive selection is for (x). This causes an (y) in genetic diversity.
Extreme Phenotypes
Increase
Extreme Phenotypes
Decrease
Only one phenotype
No phenotype
----- operates to eliminate intermediate phenotypes
Disruptive selection
Stabilizing selection
Artificial selection
Natural selection
The model below shows which process?
Natural selection
Mutation
Founders effect
The bottleneck effect
Natural selection creates new alleles
True
False
What variable in the Hardy-Weinberg equation expresses the heterozygous genotype?
q2
p2
2pq
p2 +q2
Which of these are required in order for natural selection to occur?
Heritbale Variation
That some individuals leave more offspring than others
An inner need to evolve
A Catastrophe
According to the Biological Species Concept, a species is a naturally occurring group of organisms that ____
Produce viable and fertile offspring
Interbreed in nature
Cannot produce viable and fertile offspring with other speices
All have an identical appearance
Hybrid Inviability
A black bear and a brown bear mate but the offsprings development ceases in the womb and the pregnancy is naturally aborted
A sparrow and elephant cannot physically mate with one another due to reproductive structure incompatibility
Fruit flies refuse to mate with one another based purely on the fact that mating dance performed by Drosophila is specialized for each species
Two skunks never mate with one another due to their populations having vastly different mating seasons
Mechanical Isolation
A black bear and a brown bear mate but the offsprings development ceases in the womb and the pregnancy is naturally aborted
A sparrow and elephant cannot physically mate with one another due to reproductive structure incompatibility
Fruit flies refuse to mate with one another based purely on the fact that mating dance performed by Drosophila is specialized for each species
Two skunks never mate with one another due to their populations having vastly different mating seasons
Behavioral Isolation
A black bear and a brown bear mate but the offsprings development ceases in the womb and the pregnancy is naturally aborted
A sparrow and elephant cannot physically mate with one another due to reproductive structure incompatibility
Fruit flies refuse to mate with one another based purely on the fact that mating dance performed by Drosophila is specialized for each species
Two skunks never mate with one another due to their populations having vastly different mating seasons
Temporal Isolation
A black bear and a brown bear mate but the offsprings development ceases in the womb and the pregnancy is naturally aborted
A sparrow and elephant cannot physically mate with one another due to reproductive structure incompatibility
Fruit flies refuse to mate with one another based purely on the fact that mating dance performed by Drosophila is specialized for each species
Two skunks never mate with one another due to their populations having vastly different mating seasons
Determination of bacterial species using the biological species concept is impossible because these organisms do not mate using sexual reproduction.
True
False
Mechanical isolation is considered a post-zygotic reproductive barrier
True
False
Which of the following is an example of a post-zygotic reproductive barrier?
Mallard and pintail ducks mate at different times of the year
Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweeds always die before reproducing
Pollen of one kind of tobacco cannot fertilize another kind
Two species of leopard frogs have different mating calls
Which of the following describes the most likely order of events in allopatric speciation?
Genetic isolation, genetic drift, and divergence
Genetic isolation, divergence, and genetic drift
Divergence, genetic drift, and genetic isolation
Divergence, genetic isolation, and genetic drift
All over the world, natural habitats are being fragmented into tiny islands by suburbs, ranches, farms, and roads. How could this lead to speciation?
Peripatric Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Artificial Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
The driving force behind natural selection is...
An organisms inner need to change
Human Interference
The environment
All of the above
What distinguishes a morphospecies?
It is reproductively isolated from other species
It has distinctiv characteristics, such as size, shape, or coloration
It represents a distinct branch in a phylogeny of populations
It is a fossil from a distinct time in Earths history
A forest fire destroys the majority of individuals in a population of ants. Those that survive have no special traits that lead to their ability to live but, are a random sample. The surviving ants reproduce, but the traits of the next generation are much different from the original. This is an example of...
The founder effect
Gene Flow
The bottleneck effect
Mutation changing a population
What variable in the Hardy-Weinberg equation expresses the HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT genotype?
p2 +q2
q2
2pq
p2
Why are Northeast Pacific populations of transient and resident killer whales thought to represent different ecotypes rather than different species?
Transient and resident killer whales differ in feeding culture but can mate and produce viable offspring in captivity
Transient and killer whales have different patters of communication
Transient whales prey on marine mammals, while resident killer whales prey on Chinook salmon
Transient and resident whales learn specific methods of hunting from older whales in their pods
A few individuals of a population become separated and begin populating a new area. The resultant genetic make-up of this new population would be a consequence of ____
Gene Flow
Bottleneck Effect
Founder Effect
None of the above
A photoheterotroph would use (x) as an energy source and (y) as a carbon source.
Oxygen
Organic Molecules
Light
Organic Molecules
Water
Organic Molecules
Carbon Dioxide
Organic Molecules
Gram negative cells appear dark purple after gram staining due to a high amount of peptidoglycan on the exterior surface of their cell walls
True
False
A scientist engineers a virus that contains the gene thought to provide bacterial resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin. The scientist then takes a culture of bacteria and divides it in two. One portion is allowed to incubate with the previously mentioned virus, while the other is not. Both bacterial cultures are then placed onto petri plates whose media contain vancomycin. Only the culture grown previously with viruses shows growth of bacterial colonies.
How did these bacteria FIRST come to have resistance to this antibiotic?
Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction
A strain of bacteria utilize organic molecules for both the creation ATP and also to synthesize new cell materials. What is the general name a bacterial cell with the described metabolism?
Chemoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
A strain of bacteria utilize inorganic molecules for the creation ATP, but use CO2 as a source of carbon to synthesize new cell materials. What is the general name a bacterial cell with the described metabolism?
Chemoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
You observe a single cell organism under the microscope and notice that it lacks a nuclear membrane. What other information would be useful in classifying this organism into one of the three domains?
Its cell wall lacks petidogylcan
Its cell membrane contains fatty acid
It contains a circular chromosome
It can exchange genetic information by transduction, transformation, and conjugation.
____ is the process when bacteria or archaea naturally take up DNA from the environment that has been released by cell lysis or secreted.
conjugation
transduction
transformation
transmutation
____ is one of the two fundamental nutritional needs of all organisms
Carbon dioxide
sunglight
oxygen
chemical energy
Bioremediation involves ____
introducing bacteria to clean up polluted sites
introducing microbes to a new environment that lacks them
using bacteria to produce energy rich molecules that can replace fossil fuels
using bacteria to enrich the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant
The endosymbiosis theory is used to explain the evolution of the eukaryotic cells to contain mitochondria and chloroplats
True
False
Secondary endosymbiosis gave rise to (w) that contains (x) membranes. Secondary endosymbiosis involved an (y) cell engulfing a (z) cell.
Chloroplasts
Only Two
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Mitochondria
Three or More
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Chloroplasts
Three or More
Eukaryotic
Eukarytoic
Mitochondria
Only Two
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Which of the following observations supports the hypothesis that mitochondria evolved before chlorplasts?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide in a way similar to the DNA sequence of some aerobic bacteria
All eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not all eukaryotes have chlorplasts
The DNA sequence of mitochondria is similar to the DNA sequence of some aerobic bacteria
Mitochondria are similar in size and shape to some bacteria
The mitochondria, organelles that synthesize ATP, and the chloroplasts, organelles, that synthesize glucose sugar, were thought to have evolved from ____.
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Portists
Fungi
Fill in the blanks. In plants, spores are ____ and produced using _____.
Diploid / Meiosis
Haploid / Meiosis
Diploid / Mitosis
Haploid / Mitosis
Which groups of land plants require water in order for sperm to fertilize the egg?
nonvascular seedless plants
gymnosperms
angiosperms
vascular seedless plants
Which of the following characteristics are found in ALL land plants?
spores
presence of nucleus
cell wall made of cellulose
vascular tissue
pollen
Which of the following best explains why cuticles are an important adaptation in land plants?
It prevents the entry of carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis
It can close to prevent water loss
It prevents water loss from leaves
It allows diffusion of oxygen out of the plant
Which of the following characteristics are used to distinguish bacteria and archaea as prokaryotes (and not eukaryotes)?
Lack of organelles
Susceptibility to antibiotics
Circular chromosomes
Lack of nuclear membrane
A strain of bacteria utilize inorganic molecules for the creation ATP, but use CO2 as a source of carbon to synthesize new cell materials. What is the general name a bacterial cell with described metabolism?
Chemoheterotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
Photoautotroph
____ is the process when bacteria or archaea naturally take up DNA from a virus that has picked up DNA from another prokaryote.
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
Transmutation
_____ is the process when bacteria or archaea naturally take up DNA from the environment that has been released by cell lysis or secreted.
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
Transmutation
Amoeba are single-celled protists that capture food by forming structures called pseudopodia
Hetertroph
Autotroph
Paramecium are single-celled ciliates that feed through an oral groove
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Volvox is a colonial green algae (contains chloroplasts)
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Phytoplankton are aquatic photosynthesizers and are key producers of oxygen
Heteroroph
Autotroph
Biologists are interested in studying protists because
They provide clues about origins of membrane-bound organelles
They offer insight into the evolutionary relationships of plants, animals, and fungi
They provide evidence that domains archaea and bacteria are closely related
Which best explains why the kingdom protists is a paraphyletic group?
It contains descendants from more than one ancestor
It contains an ancestor and all the ancestors descendants
It contains an ancestor but does not include all the ancestors descendants
All of kingdom fungi forms one, large monophyletic group
True
False
Heterokaryotic cells in fungi are considered to be diploid
True
False
Fungi are...
Photoheterotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ALL animals?
All animals have true tissues and organs
Multicellular organisms
Heterotrophic
Together they form a monophyletic group
Triploblasty is an example of ____
Monophyletic Group
Paraphyletic Group
Homoplasy
Homology
Which part of a root are actively pushed through soil as the root grows?
Zone of cellular maturation
Zone of cellular elongation
Zone of cellular division
The current diameter of a tree trunk is 12 inches. The trunk diameter increases at a rate of 2 inches per year. An insect burrows into the trunk and lays its eggs in the secondary xylem, I inch out from the center of the tree. How far from the center will the dormant eggs be located in two years?
1
4
5
7
Which of the following are functions of the shoot systems?
Photosynthesis
Regulate gas exchange and water loss
Structural support
Anchorage
Which of the following plant cells secrete the cuticle?
Phloem
Parenchyma
Epidermal Cells
Mesophyll
In which plant tissue does the majority of photosynthesis occur?
Vascular Tissue
Ground Tissue
Dermal Tissue
The vascular cambium of a tree produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
True
False
Which of the following lists the portion of a mature 60ft tree that contains the OLDEST tissues?
The trunk at soil level
A branch 3 feet from the top of the tree
The tips of the roots
The trunk 5ft off the ground
Which statement best characterizes secondary growth?
It results from cell division in the vascular and cork cambia
It increases length of the plant stem
It results from divisions in the apical meristem
It often produces phloem cells to the inside and xylem cells to the outside of the vascular cambia
Which of these plant cells or tissues can provide structural support for the plant?
Vascular Tissue
Sclernchyma
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Epidermis
Gas exchange or absorption of water
Transports sugar
Provides structural support
Transports water up a plant
Phloem
Gas exchange or absorption of water
Transports sugar
Provides structural support
Transports water up a plant
Collenchyma
Gas exchange or absorption of water
Transports sugar
Provides structural support
Transports water up a plant
Xylem
Gas exchange or absorption of water
Transports sugar
Provides structural support
Transports water up a plant
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis, which direction are sucrose and water following in the phloem when roots are the sources and leaves are sinks?
Water and sucrose flow up the stem
Water flows up the stem and sucrose flows down the stem
Water flows down the stem and the sucrose flows up the stem
Water and sucrose flow down the stem
In a plant cell that are sources of sugar are
A tissue where sugar enters the phloem
A tissue sugar exits the phloem
A tissue that either produces sugar by photosynthesis or by breaking down stored starge
The transport of a water column up a tall tree can be explained by...
Root pressure that pushes water up the xylem
Cohesive and adhesive forces of the water column under evaporative roots
A water potential gradient that is highest in the leaves and lowest in the roots
Energy expediter by the tree to create a positive pressure that pulls the water up
Which of the following BEST explains why water moves up xylem tissue by bulk flow?
Pressure potential but not solute potential affect the water potential in the xylem because xylem cells lack a cell membrane at maturity
Pores in the sieve plants of the cell walls of adjacent xylem cells decrease the pressure potential, which affects the water potential in the xylem
The pits in tracheids increase the pressure potential but not the solute potential, which decreases the potential pressure
The water potential in the xylem is highest in the shoot and lowest at the root
Which of the following statements does not agree with the cohesion-tension theory in plants?
Cohesion among water molecules allows for water to be pulled from the roots to the shoots of a plant
ATP is required to move water from the soil into the roots tissues
None of the above
Transportation at leaves provides the tension necessary to move water through xylem tissues
Like animal cells, plant cells will burst when in the presence of a hypotonic solution.
True
False
Water flows from areas of (x) water potential to areas of (y) water potential
High
Low
Hypo
Low
Iso
Low
Hypo
Iso
