Farmer Brown tests the hypothesis that the more alfalfa sprouts cattle eat, the more milk they produce. He divides his pasture into four fields and puts twenty cattle in each field. Field 1 cows get no alfalfa sprouts, field 2 cows get ten pounds of sprouts per day, field 3 cows get twenty pounds of sprouts, and field 4 cows get thirty pounds. He feeds all groups fifty pounds of regular hay per day, uses the same breed of cattle, and gives them the same amount of water. He measures gallons of milk produced per cow every day

What is the independent variable in Farmer Brown's experiment?

Why might a scientist repeat an experiment if he/she did not make a mistake in the first one? An experiment should be

repeated to

When an experiment is repeated and the new results are different from the original results what may likely be inferred?

Claire created a model to study the day and night cycle of Earth as shown here. What causes different points on the globe to

receive light at different times, explaining the day and night cycle of Earth?

When can a scientific theory be changed?

) A __________ predicts overall natural events in general terms, while a __________ is a is a very specific prediction based on one

circumstance.

Which list is organized from SMALLEST to LARGEST?

Why does Earth orbit the Sun rather than any other body in the solar system?

Which planet has the GREATEST attraction to the sun?

Tides are caused by

What causes the phases of the moon as observed from the Earth?

Which of these BEST describes the concept of the rock cycle?

Five hundred million years ago, basaltic lava flowed in an area now known as Monticello, the historic home of Thomas

Jefferson. Some of this rock has since re-crystallized under intense heat and pressure and then has been eroded by wind and rain.

The order of the rock cycle in this case is BEST described as

How does wind cause weathering?

A team of archaeologists excavating a sedimentary rock layer come across some primitive hunting tools used by early humans.

As the dig progresses, they unearth the fossilized remains of a dinosaur from another layer of the sedimentary rock. Why do these

discoveries indicate that the rocks were formed over millions of years?

The Permian mass extinction occurred about 248 million years ago. It was the greatest mass extinction ever recorded in

Earth's history. About ninety-five percent of all marine species became extinct as a result of the Permian extinction.

Although scientific theories vary, it is believed that _____________________ caused the Permian mass extinction.

Ocean trenches are formed when

)Different events on Earth are associated with different tectonic plate boundaries. Which events are associated with transform

plate boundaries?

Groundwater moves from the ground through plants and then back into the atmosphere through the process of

When humans remove vegetation from an area, the water cycle is MOST directly affected in which way?

The heat transfer depicted in the image is MOST likely

If Earth's atmosphere did NOT contain any water vapor, the temperature of the earth's surface would

One difference between mixtures and pure substances is that

Which is an example of a solution?

All organic molecules have what element in common?

Carbohydrates contain three common elements. They are

The macromolecules in biochemistry are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. What main elements do all of these have in common?

Which is evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred?

Ultraviolet radiation is dangerous because it has a high enough energy to damage skin cells. UV radiation is called ultraviolet because it has a frequency which is higher than violet radiation (purple light). Therefore, it has a wavelength which is ___________ than violet radiation.

A pencil appears broken when put in the glass of water because

Reflection is the bouncing of light rays off of a surface. Which situation is NOT an example of reflection?

An example of friction being converted into heat energy is

Muscles convert chemical energy into

The molecules of a substance are moving rapidly in a container. The molecules do not interact with each other. If the container is opened, the molecules will escape from the container. In what phase of matter are the molecules in the container?

If you slow the motion of water molecules down, they are more likely to become

Four wrestlers step on a scale for a tournament. Wrestler A weighs in at 170 pounds; wrestler B weighs in at 168 pounds;

wrestler C weighs in at 171 pounds; and wrestler D weighs in at 169 pounds. Which of these wrestlers experiences the greatest force due to gravity?

Renaldo and Nasreen build an electromagnet by wrapping a wire around a nail and connecting the wire to both terminals of a battery. When they test the electromagnet, it can pick up 6 paper clips. Their teacher wants all groups to pick up at least 10 paper clips. What could Renaldo and Nasreen do to increase the number of paper clips their electromagnet picks up?

Between which pair of objects would the LARGEST gravitational attraction be found? Assume there is an equal distance between the first and second items mentioned in all four answer choices?

If Shane and Susan both push on a box with a force of 25N, but in opposite directions, what will happen to the box?

What must occur to a shopping cart at rest in order to make it roll forward?

Which of these is a good example of Newton's First Law of inertia

Which is the SIMPLEST level of organization in a human being?

Place the following levels of biological organization in the proper order, from smallest to largest.

1) Macromolecule

2) Tissue

3) Organ System

4) Organ

5) cell

What is the smallest unit that can carry on all functions of life?

Animal cells contain all of the following structures EXCEPT a

One difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts is

The lion's scientific name is Panthera leo. The leopard's scientific name is Panthera pardus . The tiger's is Panthera tigris. Which statement

is true?

Which kingdom includes autotrophic and heterotrophic, unicellular and multicellular organisms?

What process accounts for species diversity?

A students was doing an experiment using the scientific method. Every three days the student plans to count the green leaves. Which would be a good hypothesis for this experiment?

In an experiment, the one variable that is changed is called the

In an experiment, the factor that we measure is called the

A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The independent variable is

A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The dependent variable is

Cindy placed three beehives with the same mass into separate (but identical) glass containers. Hive A was kept at 100˚F, Hive B was kept at 0˚F, and Hive C was kept at room temperature (75˚F ) For the next month, she measured the amount of honey each hive produced. Hive C produced more honey than the other two hives.

What is the test (INDEPENDENT) variable in Cindy's experiment?

What is being kept constant?

What is the outcome (DEPENDENT) variable?

What is the best definition of the term "theory", as it’s used in science?

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

A prevailing theory about heredity is challenged by newly discovered information from a few experiments. As a result, what might happen to the scientific knowledge about heredity?

A constant is:

Dr. Smith has been reading about another scientist’s research in a physics journal. He plans to do these experiments himself and see if he gets the same result.

Julie goes to Silver River each week for 4 weeks and collects 5 samples of water to test the pH

An environmental group contacts Julie to get her procedures so that they can check her results.

A one time explanation of one observation.

Well-proven explanation for a set of observations.

Explanation of WHY things are the way they are.

Proven description of HOW things are, but does not give a reason why.

Can be supported or rejected by a single experiment.

DEVELOPED through scientific inquiry process.

Ms. Umholtz performs an experiment by comparing the number of drops of tap water that can fit on a penny to the number of drops of soapy water that can fit on a penny. She performs three trials. What is the independent variable?

Ms. Umholtz performs an experiment by comparing the number of drops of tap water that can fit on a penny to the number of drops of soapy water that can fit on a penny. She performs three trials. What is the dependent variable?

Ms. Umholtz performs an experiment by comparing the number of drops of tap water that can fit on a penny to the number of drops of soapy water that can fit on a penny. She performs three trials. Is this replication or repetition?

Mr. Krabbs wants to make Bikini Bottoms a nicer place to live. He has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas associated with eating krabby patties from the Krusty Krab. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) eat krabby patties with the new sauce. The other 50 (Group B) eat krabby patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is really just a mixture of mayonnaise and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the sauce that would reduce gas production.

Which people are in the control group?

SpongeBob notices that his pal Gary is suffering from slimotosis, which occurs when the shell develops a nasty slime and gives off a horrible odor. His friend Patrick tells him that rubbing seaweed on the shell is the perfect cure, while Sandy says that drinking Dr. Kelp will be a better cure. Sponge Bob decides to test this cure by rubbing Gary with seaweed for 1 week and having him drink Dr. Kelp. After a week of treatment, the slime is gone and Gary’s shell smells better.

What is the independent variable?

A good hypothesis is written as If _____________, then __________. What should you put after "if" and "then"?

Molly makes a model of an atom, showing the protons, neutrons, and electrons. What field of science does she work in?

A student makes a physical model of an atom using toothpicks and candy. What is a limitation of this physical model?

$$6CO2+6H2O\ \rightarrow\ C6H12O6+6O2$$  The process of photosynthesis, which takes place in green plants, is represented by the model above. What type of model is shown?

Upon completing an investigation, Melissa summarizes the work in a lab report. Which title most likely indicates that the student used a model to prepare the report?

Science is . . . (check all that apply)

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question is called a

Which of the following are NOT examples of data?

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results is called a scientific

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions is a

Observations that deal with a number or amount are called

Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers are called

Grocery stores organize food according to food type—dairy, frozen, bakery, and so on. This is an example of

Scientists can communicate their results

To reveal trends in data, the data should be presented in a(an)

The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the

The steps commonly used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called