WorksheetsWaves Part 2!!
Total questions: 102
Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins
As frequency goes up, wavelength...
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
As frequency goes up, wavelength decreases. This is a..
Indirect relationship
Direct relationship
No relationship
As tension goes up, speed...
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
As frequency goes up, speed stays the same. This is a..
Indirect relationship
Direct relationship
No relationship
As frequency goes up, speed...
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
As tension goes up, speed increases. This is a..
Indirect relationship
Direct relationship
No relationship
As wavelength goes up, speed...
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
As wavelength goes up, speed stays the same. This is a..
Indirect relationship
Direct relationship
No relationship
What do digital signals and analog signals have in common?
Both deliver messages
Both are transmitted as a pulse
-Have two distinct valves that they can send, rather than an infinite set of valves.
-Binary code used by computers
-More reliable way to encode and transmit information
-Can pick up disrupted signals easier at the exact point the message was dropped.
-Send segments
-Intervals.
Digital Signals
Analog Signals
-Like a clock
-Provide continuous data
-Have significant variation
-Signals very in frequency
-All electromagnetic waves
-Continuous; if they are disrupted, they must be restarted at the very beginning of the message.
-Less reliable
-Send continuous streams
-Used by landline telephones
Digital Signals
Analog Signals
A wave pulse that can be transmitted or received
(a)
Reflection off a smooth surface
Specular Reflection
Diffuse Reflection
Reflection off of a rough surface. (More rough= more scattered reflection)
Specular Reflection
Diffuse Reflection
All light is transmitted through the medium. You can see clearly and the object appears the same on both sides of the medium. Ex: clear glass
Transparent
Translucent
Opaque
Some light is transmitted through the medium. Either the object appears fuzzy/blurry OR the object looks different on one side of the medium. Ex: Frosted glass, tissue paper, sunglasses
Transparent
Translucent
Opaque
No light is transmitted through the medium. All light is absorbed. You cannot see the object on the other side of the medium. Ex: wood, construction paper, desk.
Transparent
Translucent
Opaque
An object/medium which does not allow energy to pass through. For light, this means that the object absorbs (takes in) the wavelengths of light. Dark surfaces, water and metal absorb sunlight well. For sound, this means the object absorbs the sound waves. Sound absorbers are usually soft, light and porous. Ex: foam.
(a)
Light is a (a) wave that carries energy from one place to another.
Does light travel much faster than sound?
YES
NO
How fast does light travel? (Hint: 300,000,000 m/s)
(a)
Beams of light travel in (a) lines. -This is why we can't see around corners and why shadows are formed.
Object gives out light and can also be called a light source. Makes its own light. Light travels in a straight line to our eye.
Luminous objects
Non-luminous objects
Objects that to do give out light. Does not make its own light. Reflects light for you to see it. (For example, light from the light source, a book for instance, strikes the book and some of the light is reflected into your eye. Therefore, we can say that reflection leads to the formation of images).
Luminous objects
Non-luminous objects
(a) leads to the formation of objects. -The abrupt change in the direction of a wave that strikes a surface boundary between two media.
To see an object, light from the object enters your eye.
There are 2 ways you can see objects:
You see some objects because they are light sources.
You see other objects by reflected light.
When light is not reflected, it can be...
Absorbed (heat)
Transmitted (glass reflects a small amount of light, absorbs some, and allows the rest to pass through).
-Have smooth, shiny surfaces and are usually pale colors
-Give clear images because they reflect light regularly
-Mirrors are excellent reflectors.
Objects that DO reflect light well
Objects that DO NOT reflect light well
-Have rough, matte surfaces and are usually dark colors
-Give no images or diffuse images because they reflect the light irregularly.
Objects that DO reflect light well
Objects that DO NOT reflect light well
(a) surfaces reflect a lot more of the light that falls on them.
How do you see non-luminous objects such as a book?
---
You see a non-luminous object when light hits the object and is then reflected into your eyes.
Colors originate from the dispersion of (a) . Colors are made by mixing other colors of light.
There are three primary colors of light used to make all other colors.
RED
GREEN
BLUE
The colors made by mixing two primary colors are called the secondary colors – magenta, yellow, and cyan.
Magenta from blue and red
Yellow from green and red
Cyan from blue and green
Why does a red sphere look red in white light?
The sphere absorbs all the colors of the spectrum except red. Only red light is reflected into your eye, so the sphere appears red.
---
White light is made up of a (a) .
Why does a green sphere look green in white light?
---
The sphere absorbs all the colors of the spectrum except green. Only green light is reflected into your eye, so the sphere appears green.
Why does a black sphere look black in white light?
---
The sphere absorbs all the colors of the spectrum. No light is reflected into your eye, so the sphere appears black.
Why does a sphere look in white light?
---
The sphere does not absorb any of the colors of the spectrum. The whole spectrum of light is reflected into your eye, so the sphere appears white.
Light is this. All energy ultimately comes from the sun; The transfer of energy from the sun is in the form of (a) .
Light consists of tiny bundles of concentrated energy called (a) ; oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel perpendicular to one another in a bundle of energy called this.
Light has a dual nature.
It is part:
Particle
Wave
The __________-like nature of electromagnetic radiation is evidenced by the activity of electrons. Photons excite the electron motion of an atom when it is absorbed. The photon is emitted when the electron falls back to its original energy state.
Particle
Wave
An electromagnetic ______ (such as light) is a transverse ______ consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagating together at the speed of light. EM radiation is created when an atomic particle (electron) is accelerated by an electrical field causing it to move away from its source. This movement produces oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel perpendicular to one another in a bundle of energy called a photon.
Particle
Wave
(a) is created when an atomic particle (electron) is accelerated by an electrical field causing it to move away from its source.
The (a) of an electromagnetic wave is key to its behavior. For example, different colors of visible light are produced by electromagnetic waves of different frequencies.
(a) corresponds to only a small range
of possible frequencies.
The full range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves is known as the what?
(a)
Okay!
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Contains light of just one
frequency (blue or red light).
Monochromatic light
Polychromatic light
Contains waves of different frequencies (solar spectrum; visible light). May be dispersed because each frequency of light has a different absolute index of refraction.
Monochromatic light
Polychromatic light
A prism splits a ray of white light into a spectrum of colors. This is known as (a) .
When white light is split, the colors always follow the same order:
(a)
Each of the colors of the spectrum [ROYGBIV] has a
slightly different wave and each color has different wavelengths. Different colors are bent (refracted) by different amounts.
Okay!
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(a) light is refracted least because it has the longest wavelength.
(a) light is refracted the most because it has the shortest wavelength.
The waves that make up light can travel through a
________, unlike mechanical waves of sound. The speed of light waves depends on the properties of the medium. Nothing can travel faster than light in a ________, which is the speed of light in free space
(a)
We use the symbol c, which comes from word (a) , meaning "speed or swiftness," to represent the speed of light.
We use the symbol (a) , which comes from word celerity, meaning "speed or swiftness," to represent the speed of light.
The product of an electromagnetic wave's frequency and wavelength must equal c. Thus, if the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases, its wavelength must
decrease.
---
Okay!
c = fλ -This is the formula for the...
(a)
Reflection of light - bouncing
Refraction light - bending
Okay!
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The (a) states that for specular reflection, the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.
How do you determine the reflection of light off of diffuse surfaces?
1). Draw normal line
2). Measure reflected angle
When we draw a ray diagram and a ray of light hits the
surface of an object we add a line to the diagram called the (a) . It is drawn at right angles (90°) to the surface the ray has hit. It is drawn in as we can measure the angle between the ray and itself.
The change in the direction of a wave when the wave passes between two media and results in a change in speed.
(a)
The speed of light waves depends on the material they are traveling through.
Air = fastest
Glass = slower
Diamond = slowest
If light waves enter a different material (e.g. travel from glass into air) the speed changes. This causes the light to bend or refract. The more dense the material, the more it bends/refracts.
---
Okay!
What happens to light traveling from air through a glass
block when the angle of incidence is 0°?
When the angle of incidence is 0° the light ray is not deviated from its path. It does not bend because all of the light slows down at the same time.
---
As light enters denser media, the speed of light (a) .
Why does light change direction?
---
When light hits a medium at an angle to the normal
the light ‘bends’. Part of the light ray slows down before the rest and this causes the change of direction. If the light enters a new medium along the normal (i.e. angle of incidence = 0°) then it does not ‘bend’ because all of the light ray slows down at the same time.
Going from more dense to less dense bends _______ from the normal.
away
towards
Going from less dense to more dense bends _______ the normal
away
towards
The (a) (n) is a way of comparing
the “optical density” of different materials. Measures the "amount of bending" through mediums. The higher the refractive index, the more bending there will be.
A low index of refraction (like water n =1.33) is
pretty ____ for light to travel through.
easy
hard
A high index (like diamond n = 2.42) is ________ for
light to travel through.
easy
hard
One indicator of the optical density of a material is the index of refraction value of the material. Index of refraction values (represented by the symbol (a) ) are numerical index values that are expressed relative to the speed of light in a vacuum. The index of refraction values provide a measure of the relative speed of a light wave in a particular medium.
*Remember that the angle of reflection [r] and the angle of refraction [r] use the same symbol:
In reflection: i = r
In refraction: i ≠ r
Okay!
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Who was the first person to figure out that white light actually consists of the complete spectrum?
(a)
Why is the sky blue?
Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in the air. Blue light is scattered more than the other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.
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**In terms of how we perceive light, white light is actually a mixture of all colors of light, while black is the absence of all colors of light.
---
Okay!
Light can...
Bounce off of things like a mirror
Light can be bent like when it goes through a lense
Light can be absorbed like when it hits something dark.
hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl or spoon; makes things look smaller
Concave
Convex
Is curved or rounded outward like the exterior of a sphere; makes things look bigger; often referred to as wide-angled mirrors.
Convex
Concave
The complete reflection from the total amount of incident light at the boundary between two mediums
(a)
True or False: We see objects because light is reflected from them
True
False
True or False: When light is bent, it changes direction
True
False
True or False: When light waves slow down they change direction
True
False
True or False: Mirror images are formed by light from the object’s right side reflecting from the right side of the mirror and light from the object’s left side reflecting from the left side of the mirror.
True
False
Which of the following refract light?
All of the above
Telecopes
Eye Glasses
Microscopes
Scientists like to think that light travels in (a)
Concave mirror + concave mirror= reflection on both sides. Two reflected rays make an image.
---
Okay!
When spherical images are large, the images they form are fuzzy rather than sharp. -The reason is reflected rays do not meet at the focal point.
---
Okay!
The blurriness at the edge of an image. A loss in the definition of an image arising from the surface geometry of a spherical mirror or lens
(a)
To solve spherical aberation:
Use small mirrors
Or shield edges of the mirror
Another solution is to reshape the concave mirror to a parabolic mirror
Uses of convex mirrors:
Common sight on the rear view mirrors of trucks
In department and convenient stores
The magnification of objects becomes easy when convex mirrors are used
Used in glasses
Helps to see around corners of places
Convex mirrors are (a) mirrors because the reflected rays come from a point behind the mirror
Convex mirrors are often used as side view mirrors on cars to eliminate the blind spot at the back corner of the car. By why is the warning that "objects in the mirror are closer than they appear" printed on the mirror?
The image is reduced. And when we see a small image of a car, it is easy to conclude that car is far away, which that could be dangerous
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Incase you need to know:
Okay!
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Incase you need to know as well:
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A medium is more optically dense if light slows down in it. The best measure of a medium's optical density is the Index of Refraction. The greater the change in velocity, the more the light bent.
---
Okay!
True or False: We can see the sun for several minutes each day before it rises and after it sets.
True- When the light rays goes from space through our atmosphere, it goes from fast to slow, so it refracts downward.
False
True or False: A medium's index of refraction is always greater than or equal to one.
True
False
