WorksheetsAP Bio Post Test
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 19hrs 0mins
Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?
hydroxyl
carbonyl
amino
phosphate
which of the following categroies includes all others in the list?
disaccharide
starch
carbohydrate
polysaccharide
which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?
they are more common in animals than in plants
they have double bonds in their fatty acid chains
they generally solidify at room temperature
they contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms
the structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen boding is the...
primary level
secondary level
tertiary level
quaternary level
which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?
hydroxyl
carbonyl
amino
phosphate
which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fits is true?
they are more common in animals than in plants
they have double bonds in their fatty acid chains
they generally solidify at room temperature
they contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms
which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
hydroxyl & carboxyl
carbonyl & amino
ketone & amino
carboxyl & amino
which of the following will dissolve in water?
organic hydrocarbons
organic molecules w/ hydroxyl groups
carbon skeletons bound to hydrogen
fats
amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional groups?
amino
carbonyl
carboxyl
phosphate
hydroxyl
which functional group can act as a base?
amino
phosphate
hydroxyl
carboxyl
methyl
which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?
monosaccharide/polypeptide
amino acid/polysaccharide
amino acid/polypeptide
glycerol/triglyceride
which of the following is a monomer used to build a biological polymer?
amino acid
disaccharide
triglyceride
DNA
what is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
decreasing the pH
hydrolysis reactions
dehydration reactions
the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers
how many molecules of water are needed to completely hyrdolyze a polysaccharide that is 10 monomers long?
12
11
10
9
which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
dehydration reactions split water molecules & add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers
dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers
dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers
dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers
which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction?
the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water
the reaction of two amino acids, forming a peptide bond with the consumption of water
the reaction of a fat with glycerol, forming fatty acids with the release of water
the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
the biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by...
the addition of a water molecule
the release of a carbon dioxide molecule
the addition of a nitrogen atom
the release of a water molecule
polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins are similar in that they...
are synthesized from monomers by hydrolysis reacitons
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions
are synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds between monomers
are broken down into their subunits by dehydration reactions
Which of the following is true of cellulose?
it is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose
it is a primary structural component of plant cell walls
it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut
it is a storage polysacchride for energy and plant cells
it is a polymer of glucose joined glycosidic linkages
which of the following classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules & macromolecular polymers?
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
a molecule with a chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a...
hydrocarbon
lipid
monosacchride
glycerol
lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. hoe is lactose classified?
as a pentose
as a hexose
as a monosaccharide
as a disaccharide
as a polysaccharide
which of the following is the smallest carbohydrate?
sucrose
glycogen
chitin
cellulose
starch
which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?
they are more common in plants than in animals
they have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
they are generally solid at room temperature
they contain fewer hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms
a molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a...
fatty acid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?
they generally contain nitrogen
they are made from glycerol & amino acids
a gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate
they are insoluble in water
there are 20 different amino acids. what makes one amino acid different from another?
different side chains (R groups) attached to the carboxyl carbon
different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups
different side chains (R groups) attached to an a or central carbon
different asymmetric carbons
how many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 45 amino acids?
90
46
45
44
which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein?
disulfide bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
peptide bonds
the a helix and B pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
interactions between the side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide are most important in stabilizing which of the following?
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
the side chain (R group) of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. the side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?
serine would be on the exterior, and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein
serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
both serine & leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein
both serine & leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
in a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?
in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
a nucleotide is composed of...
a nitrogenous base & a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base & a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and an amino acid
which of the following are purines?
cytosine & guanine
guanine & adenine
adenine & thymine
thymine & uracil
uracil & cytosine
if a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
15
30
35
50
the difference between the sugar in DNA & the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA...
is a six-carbon sugar & the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar
is a five-carbon sugar & the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar
is in the a configuration & the sugar in RNA is in the B configuration
DNA contains one less oxygen atom on 2' carbon than the sugar in RNA
a cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely...
producing primarily proteins for secretions
producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins
producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components
producing primarily an abundance of new membranes
the liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons & drugs. which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process & therefore abundant in liver cells?
rough ER
smooth ER
golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
lysosomes
which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
ribosome
lysosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrian
which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the golgi apparatus?
detoxification of toxins
protein modification & sorting
synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins
assembly of ribosomal subunits
the membranes of the different organelles in the endomembrane system display differences in their lipid & protein compositions. these differences are largely established by...
small vesicles transporting lipids & proteins to the organelles
the function of the golgi apparatus in modifying, sorting, and directing membrane components to their final destinations
the modification of membrane components once they reach their final destination
the synthesis of different lipids & proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating very large, complex, undigested lipids. which organelle builds up lipids because its digestive enzymes are unable to break them down?
the endoplasmic reticulum
the golgi apparatus
the lysosome
mitochondrion
why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
it has double membrane structure & has its own DNA
it is not involved in protein synthesis
it produces a special class of transport vesicles
it is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or the golgi
motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?
the nuclear envelope
membrane proteins
the extracellular matrix
cytoskeletal structures
movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular strucutures?
microtubules & motor proteins
actin filaments & microtubules
actin filaments & motor proteins
centrioles & motor proteins
cells require which of the following to form cilia pr flagella?
laminin
tubulin
actin
myosin
intermediate filaments are used in attachment of one cell to another by which of the following structures in the plasma membrane?
extracellular matrix
gap junctions
tight junctions
middle lamella
desmosomes
plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
peroxisomes
desmosomes
gap junctions
extracellular matrix
tight junctions
ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through...
plasmodesmata
intermediate filaments
tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions
a biologist wants to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals. the cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3D characteristics. which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?
transmission electron microscopy
cell fractionation
light microscopy using stained sections of kidney tissue
light microscopy of living unstained material
scanning electron microscopy
comparison of samples from the liver of an alcoholic with samples from the liver of a non-drinker when examined by transmission electron microscopy would likely reveal that...
the ultrastructure of the two livers is very similar
the liver of the non-drinker has expansive rough ER compared to the alcoholic's liver
the liver of the alcoholic has expansive smooth ER compared to the non-drinker's liver
the liver of the alcoholic has substantially more lysosomes than the non-drinker's liver
which structure is common to plant & animal cells?
chloroplast
wall made of cellulose
mitochondrion
centriole
which structure-function pair is mismatched?
microtubules; tight junctions
ribosome; protein synthesis
golgi; protein modifications & sorting
nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits
cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. if a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the...
mitochondria
ribosomes
peroxisomes
lysosomes
what is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER --> golgi --> nucleus
nucleus --> ER --> golgi
ER --> golgi --> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
ER --> lysosomes --> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
the primary structural components of the cell membrane are...
phospholipids & cellulose
phospholipids & proteins
cholesterol & proteins
proteins & cellulose
glycoproteins & cholesterol
a primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals is to...
make the membrane more rigid, allowing it to resist pressure from outside the cell
facilitate the removal of hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids
facilitate cell-cell interactions by binding to receptors on neighboring cells
enable the membrane to stay fluid more easily when the temperature drops
the cell membranes of Antarctic ice fish might have which of the following adaptations?
a high percentage of very long chain saturated fatty acids
no cholesterol
a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
a high percentage of trans fatty acids
what kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
large hydrophobic, nonpolar
small hydrophobic, nonpolar
large polar
small ionic
large & hydrophilic
which of the following would diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
glucose
starch
O2
Na+
an amino acid
which of the following is the first event that occurs following the binding of a ligand by a membrane receptor protein?
an intracellular enzyme is activated by phosphorylation
an intracellular G protein is activated
the membrane receptor protein undergoes a conformational change
the membrane receptor protein enters the cytoplasm
following activation of a receptor, which sequence below represents the correct order in which components will be involved in a signaling pathway that utilizes the second messenger cAMP?
G protein --> cAMP --> adenyl cyclase --> protein kinase
G protein --> adenyl cyclase --> cAMP --> protein kinase
adenyl cyclase --> cAMP --> G protein --> protein kinase
cAMP --> adenyl cyclase --> protein kinase --> G protein
protein kinase --> G protein --> adenyl cyclase --> cAMP
which of the following enzymes adds a phosphate group to target proteins?
kinase
phosphatase
glycogen phosphorylase
adenylyl cyclase
the primary function of G proteins in signal transduction is...
transducing the signal from an activated receptor to the next protein in the pathway
binding extracellular signal molecules to activate the pathway
converting ATP to cATP to amplify the signal
phosphorylating relay molecules in the pathway
microfilaments are composed of...
actin protein
chitin protein
tubulin protein
mosaic protein
a patient has had a serious accident & lost a lot of blood. in an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water -- equal to the volume of blood lost -- is transferred directly into one of his veins. what will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
it will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses & bateria
the patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid become hypotonic compared to the cells
the patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells
the patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells
which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?
a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids
a lower temperature
a relatively high protein content in the membrane
phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because...
they are species specific
they always lead to the same cellular response
they amplify the original signal manyfold
they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases
the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is defined as...
catalysis
metabolism
anabolism
dehydration
catabolism
the cellular process of synthesizing large molecules from smaller ones is defined as...
catalysis
metabolism
anabolism
dehydration
catabolism
which of the following tend(s) to release energy?
endergonic reactions
dehydration reactions
hydrolysis reactions
formation of water from hydrogen & hydroxyl ions
a chemical reaction that has a positive delta G is best described as...
endergonic
entropic
spontaneous
exergonic
the induced fit model of enzyme activity suggests which of the following?
the binding of substrate depends on the conformation of the active site
the binding of an activator alter the conformation of the active site to bind products more tightly
the binding of substrate changed the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly
the binding of a competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site to bind substrate less lightly
increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
denaturation of the enzyme
allosteric inhibition
competitive inhibition
saturation of the enzyme activity
a noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzymatic reaction by...
binding to the active site of the enzyme
changing the delta G for the reaction
changing the shape of the enzyme active site
decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction
