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WH Final Review Part 1

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
According to Copernicus, the sun  
a)
Revolved around the earth
b)
Was the center of the Universe
c)
Was the biggest star
d)
 Had many moons
2.
The Scientific Revolution challenged many medieval ideas about science. All of the following were astronomers during the Scientific Revolution except __.
a)
Nicolaus Copernicus
b)
Ptolemy
c)
Galileo Galilei
d)
Johannes Kepler
3.
The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is the ___________ theory.
a)
geocentric
b)
heliocentric
c)
earthcentric
d)
world's worst
4.
What did Kepler add to Copernicus’ heliocentric theory?  
a)
That Jupiter had four moons
b)
That the planets revolved around the earth 
c)
That the sun was the biggest star
d)
That the planets move in eliptical (oval shaped) orbits around the sun
5.
 _____________________ was an Italian astronomer who developed the telescope, which then confirmed Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory 
a)
a. Isaac Newton
b)
b. Galileo Galilei 
c)
c. Adam Smith
d)
d. Dennis Diderot
6.
During the scientific  revolution people started using experiments to test theories rather than just believing the ___________
a)
King
b)
Family
c)
Church
d)
Sir Salami 
7.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
8.
What type of math was Newton known for developing?
a)
Geometry
b)
Trigonomety
c)
Calculus
d)
Addition
9.
Which of the following was developed by Isaac Newton?
a)
the heliocentric theory
b)
the scientific method
c)
the theory of scientifc rationalism
d)
the theory of universal gravitation
10.

[p1] Which of the following made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?

a)

the printing press

b)

the telescope & microscope

c)

natural philosophers

d)

Greek thinkers

11.

[p2] Which of these diagrams shows the Ptolemaic system?

a)
b)
c)
12.

[p4] Newton's universal law of gravitation was important because...

a)

it could explain all the motion in the universe.

b)

it used the most modern technology.

c)

it empowered people to build anti-gravity flying machines.

d)

it proved that God did not really exist.

13.

[p7] Francis Bacon believed that scientists should...

a)

use reasoning.

b)

study philosophy.

c)

develop their own scientific methods.

d)

rely on ancient authorities.

14.

[p8] Read the primary source attached to these paragraphs (by Rene Descartes, from "Discourse on Method"). What is the first principle of Descartes' philosophy

a)

Doubt

b)

Observations with precise instruments

c)

"I think, therefore, I am."

d)

Truth

15.

Who proposed a system of EXPERIMENTATION to find new truths through this type of scientific method.

a)

Newton

b)

Bacon

c)

Descartes

d)

Frisius

16.

During this time period, scientists began using _____________ and _______________ instead of placing their beliefs in faith.

a)

History and faith

b)

Math and Science

c)

Math and History

d)

experiments and logic

17.
What do these steps describe?
1.  Ask a question
2.  Form a hypothesis
3.  Experiment to test hypothesis
4.  Analyze data
5.  Draw a conclusion
a)
Order of Operations
b)
Steps of CPR
c)
Scientific Method
d)
Essay writing
18.

How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?

a)

By testing old beliefs using logic, math and observation

b)

By reading classic literature

c)

By collecting samples of plant life

d)

By forming new government ideas

19.
Who created an improved telescope that confirmed the findings of Copernicus?
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Nicolaus
c)
Galileo
d)
Bacon
20.
Which term best defines the concept that the earth is the center of the universe?
a)
Heliocentric
b)
Geocentric
c)
Eurocentric
d)
Egotistical
21.
Which term best defines the concept that the sun is the center of the universe?
a)
heliocentric
b)
geocentric
c)
Ethnocentric
d)
Eurocentric
22.
The Scientific Revolution challenged many medieval ideas about science. All of the following were astronomers during the Scientific Revolution except __.
a)
Nicolaus Copernicus
b)
Ptolemy
c)
Galileo Galilei
d)
Johannes Kepler
23.
According to Copernicus, the sun  
a)
Revolved around the earth
b)
Was the center of the Universe
c)
Was the biggest star
d)
 Had many moons
24.
The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is the ___________ theory.
a)
geocentric
b)
heliocentric
c)
earthcentric
d)
world's worst
25.

What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society?

a)

natural right

b)

natural law

c)

social contract

d)

divine right

26.

In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal

a)

property rights

b)

education

c)

voting rights

d)

employment opportunities

27.

Laissez faire is when the government operates with

a)

little trade regulation

b)

tariffs

c)

mercantilism

d)

a lot of trade regulation

28.

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they

a)

wrote fiction

b)

challenged the old order

c)

supported traditional ideas

d)

wrote in salons

29.

Which enlightenment despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

a)

Catherine the Great

b)

Maria Theresa

c)

Frederick the Great

d)

Joseph II

30.

Vocab word meaning restricting access to ideas and information

a)

salon

b)

baroque

c)

censorship

d)

rococo

31.

The Enlightenment encouraged women to take a stronger role in society by

a)

allowing women to become rulers of their countries.

b)

giving them jobs in factories.

c)

organizing salons in their homes where people could speak freely.

d)

by giving natural rights to every citizen including women and children.

32.

A literary form that developed during the Enlightenment was

a)

the epic poem

b)

the novel

c)

the short story

d)

the lyric poem

33.

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the

a)

Reformation

b)

Glorious Revolution

c)

Renaissance

d)

Scientific Revolution.

34.

The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Voltaire

c)

Rousseau

d)

Diderot

35.

Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it

a)

compiled classical Greek and Roman works.

b)

spread Enlightenment ideas.

c)

was the first publication printed with moveable type.

d)

was the first publication to include articles by women.

36.

Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of

a)

wages and price

b)

savings and investment

c)

supply and demand

d)

manufacturing and trade

37.

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights (life, liberty, and property) of the people?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Voltaire

c)

René Descartes

d)

John Locke

38.

Influential opponents of the Enlightenment included

a)

enlightened despots

b)

the American and French colonies

c)

church authorities

d)

Defoe and Hayden

39.

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by

a)

writing in Latin.

b)

putting false covers on their books.

c)

disguising their ideas as fiction.

d)

supporting a strict class system.

40.

An Enlightened despot was a ruler who

a)

The old order respects Roman tradition.

b)

allowed limited voting rights.

c)

gained stronger absolute power.

d)

brought about political and social change.

41.

A Russian despot that studied the philosophies and embraced enlightenment ideas

a)

Frederick the Great.

b)

James I

c)

Joseph II.

d)

Catherine the Great.

42.

The philosophe who used sarcasm to expose government abuse was

a)

de Stael

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Diderot

d)

Voltaire

43.

Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as

a)

baroque.

b)

classical.

c)

rococo.

d)

romantic.

44.

According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is

a)

a federal republic.

b)

a theocracy.

c)

absolute monarchy.

d)

a democracy.

45.

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and institutions

a)

Baroque

b)

Rococo

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Romantic

46.

What events led to the Scientific Revolution?

a)

The Renaissance

b)

The Reformation

c)

The Age of Exploraton

d)

World War I and World War II

47.

The invention of the printing press and exploring/discovering new lands and species led to what?

a)

The Industrial Revolution

b)

The Scientific Revolution

c)

The creation of the Silk Road

d)

The American Revolution

48.

The Declaration of Independence was influenced by what enlightenment thinker who suggested, "men are free" under the social contract?

a)

Locke

b)

Hobbes

c)

Rousseau

d)

Montesquieu

49.

What Enlightenment thinker most influenced the American and French Revolution, with the idea of "natural rights"?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Voltaire

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

John Locke

50.

What group of people helped influence the American and French Revolution, with the ideas of challenging the "divine right of kings"?

a)

The Humanist Thinkers

b)

The Scientific Thinkers

c)

The Revolutionary Thinkers

d)

The Enlightenment Thinkers

51.
The Second Estate was composed of 
a)
Church leaders
b)
Nobility
c)
Peasants
d)
none of the above
52.
Most of the people of France belonged to the 
a)
1st 
Estate
b)
2nd Estate
c)
3rd Estate
d)
4th Estate
53.

Social class consisting of the clergy.

a)

1st Estate

b)

2nd Estate

c)

3rd Estate

d)

The CHURCH!

54.

An assembly of representatives from all three estates that met for the first time in 175 years when Louis XVI called them together.

a)

Estates General

b)

National Assembly

c)

Legislative Assembly

d)

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen

55.

July 14, 1789, a French mob stormed a prison. The mob successfully captured the gunpowder they were after.

a)

Storming of the Bastille

b)

The Great Fear

c)

Storming of Pompei

d)

Sandstorm

56.

A machine for beheading people used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.

a)

Beheader

b)

National Razor

c)

Guillotine

d)

Head chopper-offer 3000

57.

Radical political club during the French Revolution that wanted to remove the king and establish a republic. Both middle class men and women joined.

a)

Sans-Cullotes

b)

Radicals

c)

Emigres

d)

Jacobins

58.

Leader of the Committee of Public Safety, he and his followers tried to wipe out all traces of France's past monarchies.

a)

Louis XVI

b)

Maximillien Robespierre

c)

Jean-Paul Marat

d)

Napoleon Bonaparte

59.

A committee established during the French Revolution to identify "enemies of the republic."

a)

Committee of Public Safety

b)

National Assembly

c)

Legislative Assembly

d)

Estates General

60.

The period from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed.

a)

Great Fear

b)

French Revolution

c)

Reign of Terror

d)

Tennis Court Oath

61.

The French Revolution was inspired by _______________ thinkers.

a)

Scientific Revolution

b)

Clergy

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Revolutionary

62.

What kind of leader was King Louis XVI?

a)

very militaristic

b)

weak and indecisive

c)

powerful and well respected

d)

friendly and well liked

63.

Which of the following wars helped to inspire the French Revolution?

a)

The American Civil War

b)

The French and Indian War

c)

American Revolution

d)

The Seven Years War

64.

Which of the following was a reason why France was nearly bankrupt?

a)

The king lowered taxes

b)

The king took their money to create jobs

c)

The king spent the taxes on wars and himself

d)

They had fought against the Americans in the revolution

65.

What did the National Assembly promise to do in the Tennis Court Oath?

a)

To execute the king

b)

To write a new constitution

c)

To stage a Coup d'etat

d)

To make France independent

66.

In 1791, France's new constitution changed France's government to a(n) _________________.

a)

Republic

b)

Constitutional Monarchy

c)

Absolute Monarchy

d)

Dictatorship

67.
Why did the Parisian women march on Versailles in 1789?
a)
Find guns
b)
Right to vote
c)
Work conditions
d)
Price of Bread
68.

Before the revolution in France, members of the Third Estate had

a)

a smaller tax burden than the other estates

b)

greater political influence than the clergy

c)

a voice in government equal to that of the First and Second Estates

d)

a high tax burden and little political power

69.
What does Absolute Ruler mean?
a)
a ruler who is sure of their power
b)
A ruler who is involved in all aspects of government and public life
c)
someone who has to answer to a separate government body
d)
a ruler who is absolute
70.

During the Age of Absolutism, European monarchs looked to

a)

Develop better relations with muslim rulers

b)

Centralize political power in their nations

c)

Encourage the growth of political farms

d)

Increase human rights for citizens

71.

Who was Peter the Great?

a)

This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European

b)

This man demonstrated absolutism by building the city Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility

c)

This man didn't believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that enlightened monarchy was best

d)

This man thought that humans were naturally greedy and chaotic and would need a large government to control them

72.

Who was Louis XIV?

a)

This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European

b)

This man demonstrated absolutism by building Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility

c)

This man believed that humans were naturally good and would not need a large government to rule over them.

d)

This man did not believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that an enlightened monarchy was best.

73.

The English Bill of Rights

a)

created a constitutional monarchy.

b)

resolved all of England's seventeenth-century religious questions.

c)

reaffirmed the divine-right theory of kingship while limiting the king's power.

d)

confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without parliamentary consent.

74.

The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction

a)

succeeded in abolishing serfdom in all of Russia.

b)

succeeded in establishing an equal system of law for all Russian citizens.

c)

instigated changes in Russian government that sapped the power of the old nobility.

d)

supported equality before the law, questioned serfdom, torture and capital punishment.

75.

During the reign of Charles I of England,

a)

the English Civil War occurred.

b)

Oliver Cromwell emerged as the new military leader.

c)

Parliament was dissolved.

d)

All of the above

76.

The economic theory based on a country's ability to export more goods than import which contributed to the rise of absolutism was

a)

capitalism.

b)

laissez faire economics.

c)

mercantilism.

d)

socialism.

77.
The primary goal of most of Europe's absolute monarchs was to
a)
support political freedom for the new middle classes
b)
prevent contact with areas beyond Europe's borders
c)
centralize their political control over their nations
d)
maintain peaceful relations with neighboring nations
78.
The theory justifying a monarch's rule by God's authority is called
a)
laissez-faire
b)
totalitarianism
c)
predestination
d)
divine right
79.

Which of these events most directly led to the signing of the English Bill of Rights?

a)

English Civil War

b)

Glorious Revolution

c)

Thirty Years War

d)

Defeat of Spanish Armada

80.
What body in England placed limits on the powers of the monarchs?
a)
The Church
b)
Parliament
c)
Universities
d)
Foreign governments
81.
This absolute monarch weakened his nobles by forcing them to live with him and occupied them with ridiculous tasks.
a)
Phillip II
b)
Louis XIV
c)
Frederick the Great
d)
James II
82.

Which of the following was a problem with the age of absolutism?

a)

Wars were fought for status, religion, territory, and power

b)

Taxes were raised to build roads, canals, factories, and merchant ships

c)

Countries gained vast territories of land throughout Europe

d)

Tremendous wealth was gained by utilizing their colonies raw materials

83.

Westernization means …

a)

Traveling West in search of natural resources

b)

To adopt or be influenced by the cultural, economic, or political systems of Europe

84.

The following could be said about Phillip II’s legacy

a)

It was a success because he spent his money wisely and left Spain wealthy

b)

It was an economic failure because he left Spain poor after a lot of spending on wars.

c)

He is relatively unknown as a monarch

d)

His dad Charles V was more well known

85.
Spanish King who made several mistakes that led to the downfall of Spain.
a)
Phillip II
b)
Elizabeth I
c)
Louis XIV
d)
Charles I
86.

Which monarchy started the Church of England and proclaimed himself the Supreme Head of the Church?

a)

Phillip II

b)

Henry VIII

c)

Elizabeth I

d)

Mary I

87.

The English Bill of Rights ended the __________________________ in England.

a)

Constitutional Monarchy.

b)

Absolute Monarchy.

c)

Totalitarian State.

d)

westernized Russia.

88.
Which group was granted religious freedom by the issuing of the Edict of Nantes? 
a)
Presbyterians
b)
Huguenots
c)
Catholics
d)
Lutherans
89.
The Industrial Revolution was a change in
a)
agricultural techniques
b)
the way in which products were made
c)
the governments of Europe
d)
the way people thought
90.
Great Britain was able to industrialize because it had
a)
Natural resources such as coal and iron
b)
Overseas markets that bought British goods
c)
A strong navy to protect shipping lanes
d)
All of the above
91.
One result of the Agricultural Revolution was
a)
increase in food production
b)
decrease in the amount of food produced
c)
Increase in the number of farmers
d)
decreased population
92.
Which of the following was NOT a way that the steam engine changed industrialization?
a)
It made production faster
b)
Factories didn’t need to be by streams
c)
It caused an increase demand for coal
d)
It encouraged cottage industry
93.
The factory created a new labor system in which
a)
workers required skill and received high wages
b)
Workers had to work regular and long hours, and perform repetitive tasks for low wages
c)
Workers welfare was highly valued
d)
Workers had to adjust to periods of hectic work followed by idle periods
94.
Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution?
a)
People preferred to use coal over electricity
b)
Coal was an environmentally clean fuel
c)
New methods of mining coal made it a very easy job
d)
Coal was needed to produce iron and to run steam engines
95.
Which of the following is NOT an example of infrastructure?
a)
Roads
b)
Factories
c)
Bridges
d)
Railroads
96.
The growth of cities is called?
a)
urbanization
b)
ruralization
c)
decentralization
d)
capitalism
97.
Prior to the first British Industrial Revolution, what industry dominated Britain?
a)
Cottage industry
b)
Sulfur Industry
c)
Pottery Industry
d)
Mining Industry
98.
The social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution was seen in the
a)
Emergence of the middle class and the working class
b)
Famines caused by families abandoning their farms
c)
Cloud of air pollution that choked the British Isles
d)
Growing death rates from accidents on the roads
99.
what is nationalism?
a)
belief that loyalty is to your shared culture NOT a leader
b)
loyalty of people toward a ruler
c)
building up of a nation by creating colonies
d)
when the government owns and controls all of the means of production
100.

What did the Russian Revolution happen during?

a)

World War One

b)

Industrial Revolution

c)

The Civil War

d)

The Enlightenment

101.

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks (Communists)?

a)

Lenin

b)

Putin

c)

Hitler

d)

Franco

102.

The Bolsheviks later renamed themselves what?

a)

The Communist Party

b)

The Fascist Party

c)

The Socialist Party

d)

The Democratic Party

103.

What issues were going on in Russia during this?

a)

Food Shortages

b)

Involvement in War

c)

Unhappiness With The Government

d)

All of the above were issues going on

104.

Who ruled Russia prior to the Russian Revolution?

a)

Czars

b)

Presidents

c)

Emporers

d)

Serfs

105.

What government did Russia turn to during this?

a)

Communism

b)

Democracy

c)

Theocracy

d)

Monarchy

106.

Who came up with communism?

a)

Adam Smith

b)

John Locke

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Karl Marx

107.

What is the book that lays out communism?

a)

The Communist Manifesto

b)

The Wealth of Nations

c)

The Encylopedia

d)

Two Treatises on Government

108.

What did Russia become known as after this?

a)

Soviet Union

b)

Austria Hungary

c)

Czechoslovakia

d)

Ukraine

109.

During the civil war following the Russian Revolution, who did the Red Army represent?

a)

Communists

b)

Non-Communists

110.

During the civil war following the Russian Revolution, who did the White Army represent?

a)

Communists

b)

Non-Communists

111.

What is it called when you overthrow a government?

a)

Theocracy

b)

Autocracy

c)

Coup d'etat

d)

Provisionary

112.

Why did czars resist modernization?

a)

They wanted to maintain power

b)

They wanted the best for their people

c)

They wanted to give their money away

d)

They wanted citizens to become prosperous

113.

The czar was seen as a solid, competent leader.

a)

True

b)

False

114.

What is the name for Russian labor camps created by Lenin?

a)

Gulags

b)

Internment

c)

Guantanamo

d)

Leavenworth

115.

Lenin's campaign slogan was:

a)

Peace Bread Land

b)

Money Wealth Power

c)

Greed Blood Profits

d)

History Best Class

116.

What was the end result of the Russian Revolution?

a)

Russia became a direct democracy

b)

Russia would become a communist nation

c)

Russia would become a theocracy

d)

Russia would go back to an absolute monarchy

117.

This treaty pulled Russia out of WWI?

a)

Treaty of Versailles

b)

Treaty of Greenville

c)

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

d)

Treaty of Moscow

118.

This form of government is described as having no private ownership, no class system and no religious organizations. Everything is distributed equally.

a)

Democracy

b)

Federation

c)

Theocracy

d)

Communism

119.

Who were the Bolsheviks?

a)

Communist Revolutionaries

b)

Secret Police Members

c)

Members of Parliament

d)

Soldiers in White Army

120.

Who was the Tsar of Russia when the revolutions began to take placed?

a)

Alexander III

b)

Alexander II

c)

Nicholas II

d)

Nicholas III

121.

Who are the proletariat?

a)

The royal family

b)

The nobles

c)

The workers

d)

Only the peasants

122.

Who is the leader of the Bolsheviks?

a)

Vladimir Lenin

b)

Leon Trotsky

c)

Tsar Nicholas II

d)

Joseph Stalin

123.

Marxists who favor revolution by a small committed group

a)

Proletariat

b)

Soviets

c)

Bolsheviks

d)

Mensheviks

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Review for Unit 1 Test

125 questions

Review for Unit 1 Test

quiz

Worksheet

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10th - 11th Grade