Functional Division of the Nervous System

Processing and integrating stimuli and for coordinating processes

Brain and spinal cord

sensing and conducting signals

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves

voluntary

involuntary

striated muscle

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

process the sensed information coming from the surface of the body

2 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

2 matters of the CNS

cerebrum and cerebellum's gray matter is outside (cortical substance)

gray matter of the spinal cord is inside

grey matter structures in white matter of cerebrum and cerebellum

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord begins at the occipital bone and extends down to the space between first and second lumbar vertebrae

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal segments in the spinal cord?

The spinal cord consists of outer layer of white matter, ______, and inner layer of gray matter _____, that resembles _________.

The gray matter can be divided into ______.

The ______ horn control the motor column, while the _____ horn control the smooth muscles and glands, and the sensing information lands in the _____ horn

The canal that runs in the middle of the spinal cord (______) is the continuum of the __th Ventricle

Ascending Tracts : Motor Tracts

Descending Tracts : Sensory Tracts

Brain

the brain consists of _____ matter, which is the outer layer, and _____ matter, which is the inner layer.

Encephalon consists of what? (3)

Brain Stem

Medulla Oblongata

Which part of the brain connects spinal cord with cerebrum and its parts?

nuclei of cranial nerves III - XII can be found here

The pyramid tract is crossed here...

chestnut shaped, nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are here

Mesencephalon is located between pons and diencephalon

Cranial Nerves III - IV can be found here

What are the nucleus found in the mesencephalon

together with the brainstem it borders the 4th ventricle. What is it?

the gray matter of the cerebellum which is located outside is called ________.

The cerebellum plays role in the movement coordination

2 parts of diencephalon

The thalamus is built up by white nuclei

important center of neuroendocrine system. produces oxytocin and ADH

storage of oxytocin and ADH

The two hemispheres are separated by the fissura longitudinalis cerebri in which the dura mater spreads as a form of falx cerebri.

The white matter of the cerebrum is the basal ganglia and the gray matter is the horns

The _____ consists of ______

site of origin of pyramidal tract

general somatic sensory area

sensory function

voluntary movements, intellectual, locomotor, pain

Temporal Lobe : ?

Occipital Lobe : ?

ensure the coordinated operation of the same areas of the two hemispheres

makes association possible

contains all the pathways departing/landing from the cerebral cortex

Motor information : Ascending

Sensory information : Descending

these ventricles are located in the white matter of the hemispheres and in here is the responsible for producing the cerebrospinal fluid

located between the two thalami

located between the brainstem and cerebellum and it is tent shaped cavity

Check the all the roles of the cerebrospinal fluid

Three teguments of the CNS:

outer : dura mater

middle : arachnoid membrane

inner : pia mater

covers inner surface of the cranial bones

forms the sickle-like structures

located under dura mater and covers the surface of brain

adheres closely to the surface of brain and spinal cord

it is where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates

Hemorrhage between dura mater and skull

Hemorrhage between dura mater and arachnoid membrane

Vertebral arteries which derive from subclavian arteries play role in the blood supply to the spinal cord

Intercostal arteries also play role in the blood supply to the spinal cord in the thoracic section

Two pairs of arteries take part in the blood supply to the brain.

These are the branches of bilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral arteries that originate from the _________ artery

The two vertebral arteries are united at the lower edge of the pons ________ artery so three arteries (2 internal carotid arteries and basilar artery) take part in forming an arterial ring

The ring (circle) is closed by which arteries

Detection of signals coming from the viscera

Detection of signals coming from the surface

visceral movements

striated muscle movements

somatomotor

visceromotor

somatosensory and viscerosensory

__________ is the basic phenomenon in the function of the nervous system. Its anatomical base is _________

convert different stimuli to excitatory process

conduct impulses from receptor to centers in spinal cord / brainstem

composed of synapses between neurons in spinal cord/brainstem

formed by axon of motor neuron

can be striated muscle or smooth muscle, heart muscle, or gland

Reflexes: own reflex

flexor-extensor reflex

operation of the viscera

Gating mechanism