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Biology Final Review 2022

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A shared ancestor between two or more species is called a...

a)

common ancestor

b)

variation

c)

recent family member

d)

cladogram

2.

Structures that are similar in arrangement, function, or both that suggest a common ancestor are called

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

3.

Structure found in an organism that is no longer in use but at some point may have been useful to ancestors

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

4.

Structures that are similar in function, but not similar in structure or origin. They do NOT provide evidence of a common ancestor.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

5.

Which do you think are MOST closely related?

a)

Fish & rabbit

b)

Fish & man

c)

Rabbit & man

6.

Which moths in the photo are most fit?

a)

Dark moths

b)

Dark & light moths are equally fit

c)

Light moths

d)

Neither black nor dark moths are fit

7.

Green and brown beetles live on trees. The green beetles are more easily seen by birds and eaten. Brown beetles are more likely to survive longer, reproduce, and pass on their traits. What is this process called?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Inheritance of Acquired Traits

c)

Variation

d)

Overproduction

8.

An elephant's trunk is long and able to move in such a way that the elephant can pick things up (like food and water!). This is an example of _______

a)

Adaptation

b)

Acquired Trait

c)

Variation

d)

Cladistics

9.

According to the cladogram, which organisms have retractable claws?

a)

Lion & house cat

b)

Brown bear, lion & house cat

c)

Brown bear & platypus

d)

All of them

10.

Compare the human, horse, dolphin, and bat limbs. What type of structures are these?

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Analogous structures

d)

None of these

11.

Evolution occurs over ________ periods of time to _________

a)

long; an individual

b)

short; an individual

c)

long; a species

d)

short; a species

12.

What are the five elements that all life is made up of?

a)

Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon

b)

Hydrogen, Phosphorus, Titanium, Carbon, and Nitrogen

c)

Helium, Oxygen, Potassium, Neon, and Carbon

d)

Oxygen, Chlorine, Iron, Nitrogen, and Helium

13.

This biomolecule is used to make energy for our cells. The simplest is glucose, a monosaccharide.

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Nucleic Acids

c)

Lipids

d)

Proteins

14.

Examples of these biomolecules are DNA and RNA...

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Proteins

15.

An enzyme joins with its substrate at the:

a)

Active Site

b)

Substrate

c)

Mouth

d)

Lock and key site

16.

What are the two parts that build lipids?

a)

monosaccharides

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

glycerol & fatty acids

17.

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules is called...

a)

adhesion

b)

organic

c)

cohesion

d)

covalent bond

18.

Water molecules attracted to other types of molecules is called...

a)

adhesion

b)

organic

c)

cohesion

d)

covalent bond

19.

What is the function of ATP in living things?

a)

provides energy for cells

b)

stores genetic information

c)

provides structure in the nucleus

20.
Energy is released from ATP when
a)
a phosphate group is added
b)
adenine bonds to ribose
c)
ATP is exposed to sunlight
d)
a phosphate group is removed
21.
Which of the following results in the storage of energy in terms of the ATP/ADP cycle?
a)
The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate group
b)
The addition of a phosphate group
c)
The removal of a phosphate group
d)
The addition of glucose 
22.

Which form of cellular transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

a)
Active Transport
b)
Diffusion
c)
Osmosis
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
23.
What three things are needed for a plant to do photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose, Oxygen, Sunlight
b)
CO2, Oxygen, Sunlight
c)
CO2, Water, Sunlight
d)
Oxygen, Water, Sunlight
24.
What two products does a plant make during photosynthesis?
a)
Water and Glucose
b)
Oxygen and Glucose
c)
Oxygen and Water
d)
CO2 and Glucose
25.
What is the name of the green pigment inside plants?
a)
Monophyll
b)
Chlorophyll
c)
Epiphyll
d)
Glorophyll
26.

What do organisms need in order go through cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose and oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide and water

c)

Glucose and carbon dioxide

d)

Oxygen and water

27.

What do organisms produce from cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose and oxygen and ATP

b)

Carbon dioxide and water and ATP

c)

Glucose and carbon dioxide

d)

Oxygen and water

28.

Humans are classified as this type of organism. Their cells have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles (like mitochondria!)

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

29.

These organisms have cells without a true nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm.

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

30.

This organelle is responsible for making ATP energy

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

31.

This organelle is responsible for making proteins

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

32.

Diffusion moves materials through the cell membrane in which direction?

a)

From high concentration to low concentration

b)

From low concentration to high concentration

c)

In any direction that is necessary

d)

Only from inside of the cell to outside of the cell

33.

The diffusion of water

a)

Active transport

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Osmosis

34.

This type of cell transport requires a protein pump, but does not require any energy

a)

Active transport

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Osmosis

35.

Which example shows a failure to maintain homeostasis?

a)

Sweating after a workout

b)

Elevated heart rate and adrenaline when you're scared

c)

Producing insulin after you eat sugar

d)

Brain swelling and death due to water intoxication

36.

Why is the cell membrane called semi permeable?

a)

It lets some things in the cell and keeps other things out

b)

It lets all materials into the cell

c)

It keeps all materials out of the cell

37.

In a hypertonic solution, what happens to a cell?

a)

Water moves out and the cell shrinks

b)

Water moves in and the cell swells

c)

Water moves in and out evenly, the cell stays the same size

d)

There is no water present for the cell to transport

38.

In a hypotonic solution, what happens to a cell?

a)

Water moves out and the cell shrinks

b)

Water moves in and the cell swells

c)

Water moves in and out evenly, the cell stays the same size

d)

There is no water present for the cell to transport

39.

In a isotonic solution, what happens to a cell?

a)

Water moves out and the cell shrinks

b)

Water moves in and the cell swells

c)

Water moves in and out evenly, the cell stays the same size

d)

There is no water present for the cell to transport

40.
RNA contains the sugar
a)
ribose
b)
deoxyribose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
41.
I am a single strand.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
42.
Which of the following is the correct order of molecules?
a)
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
b)
Proteins -> DNA -> RNA
c)
RNA -> DNA -> Proteins
d)
There is no specific order of these molecules
43.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
44.

The nitrogen base pairs for RNA are

a)

A-T C-G

b)

A-U C-G

c)

A-C T-G

d)

T -U G-C

45.

There are three types of RNA

a)

False

b)

True

46.

Which of the following describes homeostasis?

a)

keeps variables exactly at the set point

b)

organism's ability to maintain steady(stable) internal conditions

c)

acts to keep values outside of a desired range

d)

operates through positive feedback

47.

Negative feedback loops ...

a)

are one way an organism can maintain homeostasis.

b)

are rarely found in healthy individuals

c)

respond by making deviations from normal even larger

d)

cannot be counteracted with medicine

48.

A change inside of the organism caused by the initiation event is the ...

a)

response

b)

effector

c)

control center

d)

stimulus

49.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon dioxide
50.
Which of the following best describes photosynthesis?
a)
Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy.
b)
Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates.
c)
Plants need sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and chlorophyll to complete photosynthesis.
d)
Plants use chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar.
51.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced by one is needed for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
52.
The main source of energy for all life comes from ____.
a)
the Earth
b)
the moon
c)
the sun
d)
the food we eat/make
53.

What is the first step in cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis

b)

krebs cycle

c)

electron transport chain

54.

Which stage of cellular respiration makes the most energy?

a)

glycolysis

b)

krebs cycle

c)

electron transport chain

d)

fermentation

55.

When does fermentation take place?

a)

When there is not enough gluclose

b)

When there is not enough oxygen

c)

When there is not enough water

d)

When there is not enough carbon dioxide

56.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

a)

chloroplasts

b)

mitochondria

c)

lysosomes

d)

humans

57.

Anaerobic reactions:

a)

have oxygen

b)

lack oxygen

58.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
59.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
60.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
61.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
62.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
63.

What gene mutation has occurred here? 

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
64.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
65.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
66.
RNA is read in sections called:
a)
Triplets
b)
Genes
c)
Codons
d)
Genes
67.
Transcription is a process that in eukaryotic cells takes place in the:
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Rough E.R.
68.
Translation is a process in eurkaryotic cells takes place in the:
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Nucleus
c)
Nucleolus
d)
Golgi Bodies
69.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
70.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
71.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
72.

Which of the following mutations would cause a frameshift? Select all that apply.

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

73.

What is produced during transcription?

a)

mRNA molecules

b)

DNA molecules

c)

Proteins

74.

What is produced during translation?

a)

mRNA molecules

b)

DNA molecules

c)

Proteins

75.

What holds the nitrogen bases together?

a)

covalent bonds

b)

peptide bonds

c)

nitrogen bonds

d)

hydrogen bonds

76.

What is the complementary strand to this DNA?

AAT CAG GTA CCG AAC

a)

TTA CAG CAT GGC TTG

b)

TTA GTC CAT GGC TTG

c)

UUA GUC CAU GGC UUG

d)

TTA GUC CAT CCG TTG

77.

Which process is shown here?

a)

replication

b)

transcription

c)

translation

d)

protein synthesis

78.

Write the complementary RNA strand.

ACC GTA TTA CGA GGG

a)

UGG CAU CCU GCU CCC

b)

UGG CAT CCU GCT CCC

c)

TGG CAT AAT GCT CCC

d)

UGG CAU AAU GCU CCC

79.

What are proteins made of?

a)

nucleic acids

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

peptide bonds

80.

What are the amino acids for this mRNA strand?

AAC GUG CGA UUC AGC

a)

asparagine, cysteine, proline, serine, serine

b)

asparagine, valine, arginine, phenylalanine, serine

c)

asparagine, valine, arginine, leucine, serine

d)

asparagine, alanine, arginine, proline, serine

81.
After meiosis,  the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cell is:
a)
46
b)
92
c)
22
d)
23
82.
What is the diploid number of cells found in a human body cell?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
92
d)
47
83.
Meiosis creates how many cells?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
84.
At the end of mitosis, how many identical cells will you have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
85.
After meiosis is complete, the new cells:
a)
are all identical
b)
are all different
c)
are half identical and half different
d)
are all stretched out
86.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
87.
Sperm and Egg cells are produced using which process?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Binary Fission
d)
None of these
88.
What phase of mitosis is shown here?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
89.
What phase of mitosis is shown here?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
90.
What phase of mitosis is shown here?
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
91.
What is the function of mitosis?
a)
genetic diversity though sexual reproduction
b)
cell reproduction and general growth and repair
92.
During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?
a)
cytokinesis
b)
prophase
c)
anaphase
d)
interphase
93.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
94.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
95.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
96.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
97.
Term for an organism that display two dominant phenotypes at the same time
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
linked genes
98.
Incomplete dominance means that the traits are
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
99.
B = brown fur  b = white fur
In the punnett square, what is the probability for white fur? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
100.
What phenotype would result from crossing a homozygous dominant purple-flowered pea plant with a homozygous recessive white-flowered pea plant?
a)
Pp
b)
Purple
c)
White
d)
PP and pp

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