Commensalism is a long-term interaction that is beneficial to one and has no positive or negative effect on the other. Based on this definition, which of the following is an example of commensalism?

The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of

The butterflyfish and damselfish live in the same coral reef and eat the same type of sponges and worms. They exhibit a type of relationship in the ecosystem called -

Several species of finches can live in the same island of the Galapagos archipelago because -

Which biotic factor will affect the size of a population in Kalahari in Africa?

The herd of water buffalos, pride of lions, herd of antelopes, bask of crocodiles and the school of fish in the African Savanna all are part of the -

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all the following processes EXCEPT

What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?

A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a -

What animals eat both plants and animals?

The tendency of offspring to have greater size, growth rate, fertility, and yield than both the parents as shown in the figure below is also known as -

Of the organisms represented in the above figure, the organisms in the ocean with the smallest total biomass are most likely the - 

The role of algae in ocean food chain is to –

Which is the correct order of the levels of organization?

In the case of the rock pocket mouse, what caused the allele frequency to change in location B?

The human lungs is an example of a vestigial structure because it has no function - humans breathe through gills like fish.

Dolphins and sharks have evolved by convergent evolution because they came from different ancestors but got adapted to the same environment and lifestyle. They developed similar features that help them survive and reproduce in water.

There was a selection pressure in the environment which favored giraffes with longer necks that could reach higher up in the trees for food. At the same time, there was selection pressure against giraffes with shorter necks. Both long and short necks are extreme phenotypes, but over time, the long neck phenotype dominated due to selection pressure, i.e, this trait in giraffes shifted toward the direction of long necks. The graph of the above event can be represented in the figure below. 

What type of selection is this?

If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of

Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species when patches of land in the lake dried up. Each of these new species now lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation?

A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased - 

Usually many different species in the wild occupy the same niches.

Radiometric dating gives more accurate fossil age data while relative dating only gives the relative age of the fossil in comparison with the other layers of the sediment.

‘Evolutionary fitness’ can be best described as

What type of organs are shown here?

The development of brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli from wild mustard is an example of -

Melanin protects an individual from skin cancer. Melanin also protects circulating folate from being broken down by UV radiation.

which one is not an example of heritable traits -

The physical mechanism shown below that separates populations is -

Which of the following is the best definition of species?

Adaptations can be defined as - 

A harmful effect of inbreeding over many generations can be the expression of _______ alleles.

One example of FAST evolution that can be observed within a few generations (sometimes few days) is - 

Mutations are - .

The Galapagos islands house many unique and rare species of plants and animals. This is because - 

Skin cancer is not a heritable trait because -

A wide range of skin tones in humans have arisen from a much darker skin tone that originated in ancient Africa. The many skin tones is a result of - 

Based on the process of natural selection, what happens first?

In the 1850s, most English Peppered moths had light colored wings. After industrialization, in the 1900s most English Peppered moths had dark wings. What was the selective pressure?

In places closer to the equator, there is negative selection against -

UV index of a place depends on the - 

Nylon, a type of synthetic fiber, was not invented until 1940. Since then, it has been observed that certain species of the bacterium Pseudomonas cultured in a medium containing nylon started to digest nylon. This proves that -

Natural selection always selects the bigger and stronger individuals to survive and pass on their genes. 

  Evolution always continues to happen in all the populations of the world, we just don’t see it because it is so slow and a change can take thousands of years to appear. 

 Human populations closer to the equator (tropical Africa) will have more eumelanin than populations far away from the equator (Greenland).

What does the fossil record NOT prove? (choose 3)

Natural selection acts on the

The ultimate source of all variation is

What did Charles Darwin observe almost over 150 years ago, that is the raw material for evolution?