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Environmental Science Final Exam Review

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which method of increasing freshwater supply is known for its high cost and significant energy requirements?

a)

desalination

b)

recycling wastewater

c)

rainwater harvesting

d)

reducing water usage

2.

Which statement best describes how water pollution can impact organisms in an ecosystem?

a)

It only affects organisms that live directly in the water.

b)

It can accumulate in organisms and increase in concentration up the food chain.

c)

It is always caused by natural processes.

d)

It has no effect on the reproductive success of aquatic species.

3.

Which of the following is considered a use of water in agriculture?

a)

irrigating fields

b)

filling swimming pools

c)

washing cars

d)

drinking water

4.

Which of the following water samples is potable?

a)

untreated lake water

b)

industrial wastewater

c)

water from a storm drain

d)

water that has been chlorinated at a water treatment facility

5.

Which of the following countries faces significant challenges in providing safe drinking water to its population?

a)

United States

b)

Australia

c)

India

d)

Both Haiti and India

6.

The Amazon River and its tributaries are an example of a

a)

watershed.

b)

river system.

c)

aquifer.

d)

reservoir.

7.

______ water use makes up the majority of the world’s water use.

a)

Residential

b)

Industrial

c)

Agricultural

8.

A water body formed behind a dam to store water

a)

Reservoir

b)

Aquifer

c)

Watershed

d)

Water Table

9.

A layer of soil through which water percolated to be stored as groundwater

a)

Reservoir

b)

Recharge Zone

c)

Permeability

d)

Biomagnification

10.

The ability of a rock to allow water to flow through it

a)

The Water Cycle

b)

Recharge Zone

c)

Permeability

d)

Biomagnification

11.

The increase in concentration of toxic substances in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food web is known as

a)

Reservoir

b)

Recharge Zone

c)

Permeability

d)

Biomagnification

12.

The continuous movement of water between earth & atmosphere

a)

The Water Cycle

b)

Recharge Zone

c)

Permeability

d)

Biomagnification

13.

Approximately three percent of the world’s water resources are found as

a)

fresh water.

b)

icecaps and glaciers.

c)

salt water.

d)

groundwater.

14.

During the water treatment process, what is the purpose of adding chlorine to water?

a)

to remove large debris

b)

to coagulate debris into large pieces

c)

to kill or limit bacterial growth

d)

to remove unwanted gases

15.

How is fresh water used in industry?

a)

in manufacturing processes

b)

in the disposal of waste products

c)

to generate power

d)

all of these

16.

Which of the following is a source of nonpoint-source pollution?

a)

unlined landfill

b)

polluted waste-water

c)

leaking oil tanker

d)

runoff from agricultural feedlots

17.

Earth’s surface water is found in

a)

lakes

b)

streams

c)

rivers

d)

all of these

18.

The majority of the planet’s freshwater can be found

a)

in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere.

b)

collected in artificial lakes and reservoirs.

c)

frozen in glaciers and ice caps.

d)

flowing in rivers and streams.

19.

Tapeworms found in contaminated water are an example of which type of water pollutant?

a)

pathogen

b)

organic matter

c)

inorganic chemicals

d)

heavy metals

20.

Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because

a)

groundwater is deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock

b)

pollutants cling to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water

c)

the recycling process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years

d)

all of these

21.

What is not a consequence of acid precipitation?

a)

An increase in the pH of soil and water

b)

The death of aquatic plants and animals

c)

The destruction of calcium carbonate (limestone) in building materials

d)

A change in the balance of soil chemistry

22.

How does groundwater contribute to the formation of surface water bodies?

a)

Groundwater can seep into rivers and lakes, replenishing surface water.

b)

Groundwater and surface water never interact with each other.

c)

Surface water always flows underground to become groundwater.

d)

Groundwater is only found in deserts, far from any surface water.

23.

Which of the following is classified as a secondary air pollutant?

a)

Carbon monoxide

b)

Nitric acid

c)

Sulfur oxides

d)

VOCs

24.

Which of the following is a known effect of exposure to carbon monoxide?

a)

It reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to body tissues.

b)

It improves respiratory function.

c)

It is completely harmless to humans.

d)

It enhances the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

25.

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?

a)

hydrocarbon emissions in car exhaust

b)

sulfur dioxide created when electrical power is generated

c)

VOCs released by a dry cleaner

d)

smog formed in the presence of sunlight

26.

Which of the following is a primary purpose of devices such as catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators?

a)

To improve indoor air quality in residential buildings

b)

To minimize the emission of pollutants from vehicles and factories

c)

To increase the efficiency of energy production

d)

To monitor weather patterns

27.

During a temperature inversion,

a)

Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the atmosphere

b)

An influx of acidic water causes a rapid change in the pH of water

c)

Levels of ground-level ozone decrease

d)

Pollutants are trapped near Earth’s surface

28.

Which process is a major contributor to the formation of acid rain?

a)

Combustion of coal and oil

b)

Installation of air filters

c)

Natural weathering of rocks

d)

Use of catalytic converters

29.

The following ailments are long-term effects of air pollution except

a)

Emphysema

b)

Lung cancer

c)

Headaches

d)

Heart disease

30.

Which substance is produced in the atmosphere when sunlight causes nitrogen oxides from car exhaust to react with other chemicals?

a)

Ozone

b)

Carbon monoxide

c)

Lead

d)

Methane

31.

Light pollution can be decreased by

a)

directing light downward.

b)

lighting billboards from below.

c)

using incandescent light bulbs.

d)

increasing the number of lights per block on a city street.

32.

Climate in a region is

a)

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.

b)

determined only by seasonal daylight hours.

c)

the atmospheric conditions on a given day.

d)

never affected by ocean currents.

33.

Precipitation is most likely to occur when

a)

warm, moist air cools and condenses.

b)

cold, dry air warms up.

c)

warm, dry air descends.

d)

cold, moist air sinks.

34.

Which of the following gases contributes the most to the natural greenhouse effect on Earth?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

ozone

c)

argon

d)

water vapor

35.

decreases the pH of an ecosystem

a)

acid precipitation

b)

asbestos

c)

ozone

d)

lung cancer

36.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of long-term exposure to polluted air?

a)

acid precipitation

b)

asbestos

c)

ozone

d)

lung cancer

37.

can lead to difficulty breathing and heart failure

a)

acid precipitation

b)

asbestos

c)

ozone

d)

lung cancer

38.

involved in the formation of smog, made from the reaction of sunlight and oxygen

a)

acid precipitation

b)

asbestos

c)

ozone

d)

lung cancer

39.

Which of the following statements about air density is correct?

a)

Warm air sinks below cold air because it is heavier.

b)

Cold air rises above warm air because it is lighter.

c)

Warm air is less dense than cold air.

d)

Air density does not change with temperature.

40.

What is a major environmental concern associated with CFCs in the atmosphere?

a)

They are quickly broken down by sunlight.

b)

They remain active and damage the ozone layer for many years.

c)

They only affect the ozone layer for a few days.

d)

They are immediately neutralized by rain.

41.

Which of the following reduce(s) CO2 in the atmosphere?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

tropical rain forests

c)

oceans

d)

all of these

42.

Ozone in the stratosphere

a)

causes skin cancer.

b)

absorbs UV light.

c)

causes global warming.

d)

destroys CFCs.

43.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result from global warming?

a)

melting of glaciers

b)

rising ocean temperatures

c)

expansion of polar ice caps

d)

more frequent heatwaves

44.

The international treaty aimed at phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer is known as the

a)

Montreal Protocol

b)

Paris Agreement

c)

Geneva Convention

d)

GATT

45.

What is a likely consequence of increased ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth's surface due to ozone layer depletion?

a)

Increased crop yields due to more sunlight.

b)

Greater survival rates of amphibian eggs in ponds.

c)

Damage to the DNA of living organisms, leading to health and reproductive issues.

d)

Rapid growth of forests worldwide.

46.

The critical difference between today’s global warming and Earth’s previous climate changes is that

a)

Human-made chemicals such as CFCs do not influence global warming.

b)

Previous changes in climate were dramatic but very short-lived.

c)

Scientists can now save all species from extinction by genetic engineering.

d)

Global warming may occur much faster than it did during previous climate changes.

47.

Which of the following items will break down naturally in the environment?

a)

a banana peel in a garden

b)

a glass bottle in a park

c)

a metal can in a river

d)

all of these

48.

The green revolution depended on

a)

new biodegradable pesticides.

b)

high-yielding grain varieties.

c)

clearing forest for crop land.

d)

organic fertilizers.

49.

In which layer of soil is the highest concentration of microorganisms typically found?

a)

Topsoil

b)

Subsoil

c)

Leaching zone

d)

Bedrock

50.

The development of pesticide resistance is an example of

a)

Malnutrition.

b)

Persistence.

c)

pest control.

d)

Evolution.

51.

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with malnutrition?

a)

Vitamin deficiency.

b)

Limited access to diverse foods.

c)

Consuming only fruits and vegetables.

d)

Inadequate protein intake.

52.

Livestock in developing countries provide

a)

manure

b)

eggs and meat.

c)

leather and wool.

d)

all of these.

53.

Which of the following is not a primary goal of biological pest control?

a)

Keep pest populations manageable.

b)

Eliminate all insect species from an area.

c)

Protect beneficial organisms.

d)

Enhance plants’ resistance to pests.

54.

Plowing with machines, irrigating with drip systems, and ____ are all modern agricultural methods.

a)

using manure

b)

applying chemical fertilizers

c)

irrigating with ditches

d)

using manure and applying chemical fertilizers

55.

Earth’s available farmable land is being reduced by

a)

fast-growing human populations.

b)

soil erosion.

c)

desertification.

d)

all of these

56.

Which of the following can result in malnutrition?

a)

Insufficient protein intake

b)

Deficiency of vitamins

c)

Inadequate calorie consumption

d)

All of these

57.

Humans need which of the following nutrients?

a)

carbohydrates and minerals

b)

lipids and vitamins

c)

proteins

d)

all of these

58.

Which of the following is not typically included in the list of the top 6 most produced foods globally each year?

a)

corn

b)

beef

c)

rice

d)

wheat

59.

Which of the following statements about human diets in all parts of the world is true?

a)

Most people eat pork.

b)

An adequate diet includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

c)

Most people do not have protein in their diets.

d)

Most people are obese.

60.

Which of the following is a major cause of malnutrition?

a)

deforestation

b)

urbanization

c)

poverty

d)

overgrazing

61.

Which of the following statements is a disadvantage of using chemical pesticides?

a)

Pesticides can pollute waterways.

b)

Pests evolve resistance to pesticides.

c)

Pesticides kill beneficial insects.

d)

All of these.

62.

Examples of ways that you can produce less waste include

a)

using canvas shopping bags.

b)

composting.

c)

using rechargeable batteries.

d)

all of these.

63.

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the recycling process of materials?

a)

cleaning, burning, and composting

b)

sorting, cleaning, and crushing

c)

crushing, aging, and burning

d)

decomposing, sorting, and burning

64.

Which of the following is an advantage of using fossil fuels for energy?

a)

the resulting air pollution helping to warm Earth

b)

their many different uses and high energy yield

c)

their limited quantities

d)

their toxic by-products

65.

Fossil fuels are primarily used to produce which of the following?

a)

electricity.

b)

plastic bags.

c)

solar panels.

d)

wind turbines.

66.

Renewable energy is energy from sources that

a)

are constantly being formed.

b)

will take years to deplete.

c)

humans can manufacture.

d)

were once living organisms.

67.

Which substance is commonly emitted into the atmosphere as a result of burning coal in power plants?

a)

sulfur dioxide.

b)

potassium nitrate.

c)

methane.

68.

You can use your consumer buying power to reduce solid waste by

a)

shopping at discount stores.

b)

buying something only when it is on sale.

c)

using rechargeable batteries.

d)

asking for paper bags instead of plastic.

69.

Which of the following issues hinders efforts to achieve sustainability?

a)

who will solve environmental problems

b)

who is responsible for environmental problems

c)

who pays the cost of implementing solutions

d)

all of these

70.

What is the term for the ability to maintain human life by meeting essential needs without depleting resources for future generations?

a)

Industrialization

b)

Sustainability

c)

Urbanization

d)

Conservation

71.

What action allows individuals to affect environmental policy at ALL levels of government?

a)

Voting

b)

Recycling

c)

Incentives

d)

attending zoning board meetings

72.

You should evaluate all environmental sources for ______ and ______.

a)

economic growth, incentives

b)

length, location

c)

bias, accuracy

73.

Which federal agency is responsible for implementing Superfund and RCRA regulations?

a)

Department of Transportation.

b)

United States EPA.

c)

Centers for Disease Control.

d)

National Park Service.