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WorksheetsUpper & Lower GI
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
A high and transverse stomach would be found in a(n) ____ patient.
hyposthenic
sthenic
asthenic
hypersthenic
A patient comes to radiology with a history of a gastric ulcer. Which of the following procedures would be most diagnostic to demonstrate this lesion?
Double-contrast upper GI series
Oral, water-soluble upper GI series
Single-contrast barium sulfate upper GI series
Carbon dioxide upper GI series
A stomach with the duodenal bulb at the level of L1-2 would be found in a(n) ____ patient.
hyposthenic
sthenic
asthenic
hypersthenic
A telescoping, or invagination, of one part of the intestine into another is termed:
intussusception
volvulus
diverticulosis
colitis
A twisting of the intestine on its own mesentery is termed:
enteritis
volvulus
diverticulosis
intussusception
An infant is brought to the ED with a possible intussusception. Which of the following procedures may actually correct this condition?
Small bowel series
Small bowel enema
Barium or air enema
Defecography
At what level should the CR and image receptor be centered for the RAO or PA upper GI projection and/or position on asthenic body type of patient?
Lower costal margin
L3-4
Iliac crest
L1
At what stage of respiration should the enema tip be inserted into the rectum?
Suspended expiration
During deep breaths
Suspended inspiration
During shallow breaths
CR centering for an esophagogram should be to the vertebral level of:
T5 or T6.
the sternal angle
T3 or T4
T7
Central ray and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be:
at the level of the iliac crest.
at the level of the ASIS.
2 inches (5 cm) above level of the iliac crest
1 inch (2.5 cm) below the level of the iliac crest.
During the initial enema tip insertion, the tip is aimed:
directly posterior
toward the coccyx.
toward the umbilicus.
directly superior.
For an average adult, the amount of barium ingested is one 16-oz cup for a small bowel only series.
False
True
How much barium is typically given to a 3- to 10-year-old child during an upper GI series?
6 to 12 ounces
14 to 16 ounces
1 cup
4 to 6 ounces
How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus?
20 to 30 degrees
10 to 15 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
35 to 40 degrees
In what position is the patient placed for the enema tip insertion?
Sims’
Prone
Modified lithotomy
Lithotomy
Lipids (fats) are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol as they are digested and absorbed by the:
stomach and small bowel.
small bowel only.
stomach only.
none of the options (are not digested).
Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions, it is termed:
biologic catalysts.
lipids
bile
chyme
Patient preparation for an adult upper GI series includes:
nothing; no patient preparation is required.
NPO 4 hours before the procedure.
NPO 24 hours before the procedure.
NPO 8 hours before the procedure
Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess at least ____ mm lead equivalency (Pb/Eq.).
0.5
1
0.75
0.25
Research suggests that peptic ulcers may be caused by:
smoking
alcohol
bacteria
antibiotics
Saliva contains certain enzymes to begin the digestion of:
starch
minerals
proteins
lipids
Swallowed air can be used as a negative-contrast medium during an upper GI series.
False
True
The RAO position of the esophagus is preferred over the left anterior oblique (LAO) because it:
increases the visibility of the esophagus between the vertebrae and heart.
is easier for the patient to hold the cup of barium in his or her left hand
reduces thyroid exposure to the patient.
is a more comfortable position for the patient.
The height of the enema bag must be set at 40 inches (100 cm) above the radiographic table at the onset of the study.
True
False
The ideal kVp range for a double-contrast barium enema is:
130 to 140.
100 to 125.
90 to 100.
70 to 80.
The liver is located primarily in the ____ of the abdomen.
LLQ
LUQ
RLQ
RUQ
The liver performs more than 100 different physiologic functions
True
False
The liver secretes approximately ____ mL of bile per day.
100 to 250
800 to 1000
1200 to 1500
500 to 700
The main function of bile is to:
begin the digestion of proteins.
break down cholesterol
begin the digestion of complex sugars.
emulsify fats.
The patient must be NPO a minimum of ____ hours before the small bowel series.
24
4
6
8
The “tapered,” or “corkscrew,” radiographic sign is often seen with:
volvulus
neoplasm
diverticulosis
intussusception
Toward which aspect(s) of the stomach will barium gravitate with the patient in a prone position?
Fundus
Body and pylorus
Fundus and body
Cardiac
What is the classification of barium sulfate as a contrast media?
Isodense
Radiopaque
Radiolucent
Negative-contrast media
What is the term for the longitudinal mucosal folds found within the stomach?
Haustra
Gastric canal
Rugae
Valvulae conniventes
What is the term for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into pouches?
Taenia coli
Haustra
Suspensory ligaments
Valvulae conniventes
What type of breathing instructions should be given to the patient during an esophagogram using a thin barium mixture?
Suspended respiration while continuing to swallow
Shallow breathing and continued swallowing during exposure
Exposure immediately after last bolus is swallowed (patient will not be breathing immediately after swallow)
Suspended inspiration after the last swallow
What type of contrast media is ideal for demonstrating a diverticulum within the stomach?
Water soluble
Radiolucent
Single-contrast barium sulfate
Double-contrast barium/negative-contrast agent
When are small bowel series deemed to be complete?
Once the contrast media passes the ileocecal valve
Two hours after the ingestion of barium
Once the contrast media reaches the rectum
Once the contrast media passes the duodenojejunal flexure
Where is bile formed?
Duodenal mucosa
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Liver
Which aspect of the colon has the widest range of motion?
Descending colon
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Sigmoid colon
Which aspect of the gallbladder is labeled 1?
Body
Neck
Apex
Fundus
Which aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of digestive end products along with water, vitamins, and minerals?
Small intestine
Large intestine
Stomach
Pancreas
Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum?
Body
Cardiac
Fundus
Pylorus
Which of the following clinical indications would mandate the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast agent?
Patient with a bezoar
Patient with esophageal reflux
Patient with a possible perforated bowel
Patient with a possible peptic ulcer
Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of a cathartic before a barium enema?
Obstruction
Diverticulitis
Colitis
Diverticulosis
Which of the following is not one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection?
Intensity
Shielding
Distance
Time
Which of the following kVp ranges should be used for an upper GI series using barium sulfate (single-contrast study)?
110 to 125 kVp
125 to 140 kVp
80 to 90 kVp
90 to 100 kVp
Which of the following statements is true about barium sulfate?
It should be discarded if not used within an hour after mixing.
It is soluble in water.
The patient may become ill if it is not prepared with sterile water.
It rarely produces an allergic reaction.
Which of the following structures is not considered to be an accessory organ of digestion?
Liver
Pancreas
Salivary glands
Kidneys
Which of the following technical factors will best enhance a digital image taken during an upper GI series?
Low-kVp techniques
Use of compensation (wedge) filter
Long SID
Collimation
Which one of the following cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing the dose to the technologist during fluoroscopy?
Intensity
Shielding
Time
Distance
Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon?
Right colic flexure
Left colic flexure
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Which part of the small intestine is the shortest?
Ileum
Pylorus
Jejunum
Duodenum
Which part of the small intestine makes up three-fifths of its entirety?
Jejunum
Ilium
Ileum
Duodenum
Which position taken during a barium enema will best demonstrate the left colic flexure?
Left lateral decubitus
LPO
RPO
AP
Which radiographic sign is frequently seen with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine?
“Sail” sign
Diverticula
“Napkin ring” or “apple core” sign
Thickened mucosa
Which structure is labeled 1?
Ascending colon
Left colic flexure
Right colic flexure
Sigmoid colon
Which term describes the outer, lateral border of the stomach?
Greater curvature
Gastric border
Lesser curvature
Incisura angularis
Which two forces or processes propel food down the esophagus?
Peristalsis and rhythmic segmentation
Gravity and deglutition
Deglutition and mastication
Peristalsis and gravity
Chole-” is a prefix for terms pertaining to the:
ducts
liver
gallbladder
bile
