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WorksheetsNervous System
Total questions: 91
Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins
The somatic nervous system conducts impulses from the CNS to the _________.
heart
skin
spinal cord
stomach
When a cell is at rest, the cytosol contains a lower concentration of _____and a higher concentration of ___________.
sodium; potassium
calcium; iron
potassium; sodium
calcium; sodium
Which cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and provide a fairly permeable barrier between the CSF and nervous tissue?
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
Schwann cells
astrocytes
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with a myelinated nerve fiber?
slow conduction of nerve impulses
the presence of nodes of Ranvier
rapid conduction of nerve impulses
formation by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system
Which of the following events occurs at an electrical synapse?
Ions flow directly from one neuron to the next.
Calcium channels open in the presynaptic region.
A neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
Which of the following factors is associated with increased conduction velocity in an axon?
small diameter
large diameter
presence of collaterals
increased number of dendrites
Which of the following neurotransmitters act(s) as a natural opiate?
GABA
endorphins
dopamine
serotonin
The CNS can discriminate between strong and weak stimuli as strong stimuli by __________.
an increase in the frequency of action potentials
a shift threshold
an increase the amplitude of action potentialing
hyperpolarizing the neuron
Which of the following neuroglia are most responsible for helping determine capillary permeability in the central nervous tissue?
oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
astrocytes
microglial cells
Which of the following defines integration?
activating effector organs
increasing the level of one substance in response to a decrease in the level of another
monitoring changes both inside and outside the body
processing and interpreting sensory input and determining what should be done at each moment in the body
Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is also known as the involuntary nervous system?
the autonomic nervous system
the somatic nervous system
the spinal division of the nervous system
the peripheral nervous system
Organelles slated for degradation or recycling are moved through the axon by ___________.
retrograde movement
anterograde movement
saltatory movement
phagocytosis
In a __________ circuit, multiple presynaptic neurons innervate a single postsynaptic neuron.
diverging
converging
reverberating
parallel after-discharge
What is the primary difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.
The somatic nervous system enables us to control our involuntary muscles, while the autonomic nervous system controls our glands.
The autonomic nervous system enables us to control our involuntary muscles, while the somatic nervous system controls our glands.
The autonomic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the somatic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?
In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed.
Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it.
Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells.
Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years.
Which of the following are the main receptive or input regions found in neurons?
dendrites
ganglia
neurofibrils
axons
Which of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath?
to recapture and recycle released neurotransmitters
to electrically insulate nerve fibers
to protect nerve fibers
to increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses
Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination?
lupus
multiple sclerosis
muscular dystrophy
cerebral palsy
An action potential is a phenomenon that either happens completely or doesn't happen at all.
true
false
Nerve impulses are sent to slow the heart's rate of contraction. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?
sensory (afferent) division
somatic nervous system
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division
Like all cells, the neurons' internal organization dictates its function. Neurons have relatively many mitochondria, an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and many clusters of ribosomes. These cellular features indicate all of the following except ________.
neurons must meet a high demand for ATP
neurons have a relatively high consumption of oxygen
neurons have stable, relatively unchanging internal environments
neurons produce many proteins
Which of the following is a function of the pons?
provides motor signals to the red nucleus
is a nucleus for the abducens nerve
relays information from the cerebrum to cerebellum
acts to regulate body temperature
Which of the following areas is involved in speech processing?
gustatory cortex
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
insula
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
regulation of sleep-wake cycles
balance
body temperature regulation
food intake regulation
Which of the following is the autonomic control center?
pons
diencephalon
medulla
hypothalamus
Which part of the brain regulates thirst?
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
Which of the following statements concerning epilepsy is INCORRECT?
Most cases are caused by brain injuries, such as blows to the head, stroke, or infections.
It involves abnormal discharges from a group of brain neurons.
It is associated with intellectual impairment.
It can have a genetic factor.
Of the three meningeal layers that surround the CNS, which one is located in the middle?
dural sinuses
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
Which of the following landmarks separates the cerebral hemispheres?
the central sulcus
the longitudinal fissure
septum pellucidum
the transverse cerebral fissure
The visceral sensory area of the cerebral cortex is involved in the conscious perception of all the following EXCEPT __________.
taste
upset stomach
full bladder
the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath
In which part of the cerebral cortex do sensations, emotions, and thoughts come together to form our personality?
the multimodal association areas
the primary sensory cortex
the motor cortex
the premotor cortex
Which structure is involved in planning (rather than executing) movement?
cerebellum
cerebrum
pons
medulla
All the following are functions of the amygdaloid body EXCEPT __________.
assessment of danger
recognition of fear
resolving mental conflict
elicit fear response
Between 5 and 15 percent of of people over 65 develop ________.
Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Alzheimer's disease
transient ischemic attacks
If you are having a conversation with a person, excuse yourself for five minutes, and come back, and the person no longer knows you, the person would be suffering from __________.
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
epilepsy
Huntington’s disease
What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?
choroid plexus
mammillary body
the pituitary gland
dura mater
What is the main role of the olfactory cortex?
sight
detection of odors
spatial discrimination
sound interpretation
Which of the following protects the brain from bloodborne metabolic wastes and most drugs?
blood brain barrier
pia mater
dura mater
cerebrospinal fluid
Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain stem?
cerebellum
pons
midbrain
medulla
Some peripheral nervous system axons are able to regenerate following injury.
true
false
A nerve that carries autonomic signals away from the central nervous system is classified as a __________.
visceral afferent
somatic efferent
visceral efferent
somatic afferent
Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory?
optic
vagus
hypoglossal
accessory
How many of the pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain stem?
1
2
10
12
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved with the eye?
abducens
abducens
trigeminal
trochlear
Which of the following cranial nerves has a name that means "the wanderer"?
trochlear
trigeminal
vagus
vestibulocochlear
Which type of sensory receptor is stimulated by touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch?
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
nociceptors
photoreceptors
Reflexes that result from practice or repetition are known as __________.
acquired reflexes
acquired reflexes
intrinsic reflexes
central reflexes
In a reflex arc, the muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulses is known as the __________.
motor neuron
receptor
integration center
effector
Which of the following cranial nerves controls chewing food?
facial nerve
hypoglossal nerve
trigeminal nerve
vagus nerve
At the perceptual level, the ability to differentiate the submodalities of a sensation is known as __________.
pattern recognition
magnitude estimation
quality discrimination
spatial discrimination
Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reflex?
playing a musical instrument
singing a song
driving a car
maintaining posture
If a patient has difficulty using the "pincer grasp" to pick up small objects, which nerve is injured?
ulnar nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve
median nerve
The receptors for taste and smell are classified as __________.
thermoreceptors
proprioceptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
Anosmia, an olfactory disorder, is caused by __________.
iron deficiency
loss of gustatory epithelial cells
head injuries or the aftereffects of nasal cavity inflammation
vagus nerve damage
The accessory structures of the eye do NOT include the __________.
lacrimal glands
cornea
eyebrows
conjunctiva
When crying, people tend to repeatedly wipe their dripping noses. The nose drips because __________.
lacrimal gland secretions drain into the lacrimal duct, which empties into the nasal cavity
the olfactory mucosa is irritated by the pH of lacrimal solution and increases secretions into the nasal cavity
special secretory glands in the nasal epithelium produce secretions in response to crying
the nasal mucosa is co-activated with the lacrimal glands to produce mucus
Adduction of the eyeball toward the nose is the function of the __________.
inferior rectus
lateral rectus
superior rectus
medial rectus
Rotational movement of the head is monitored by receptors located in the __________.
cochlear duct
semicircular canals
cortex of the cerebrum
membranous labyrinth
Which sequence follows the correct passage of light entering the cornea?
cornea, anterior segment, pupil, lens, posterior segment, retina
cornea, lens, posterior segment, anterior segment, pupil, retina
cornea, pupil, anterior segment, posterior segment, lens, retina
cornea, pupil, retina, anterior segment, lens, posterior segment
Stimulation by which of the following nerves results in an increase in the diameter of the pupil?
parasympathetic nerves
sympathetic nerves
somatic motor nerves
visceral motor nerves
The tiny skeletal muscles associated with the ossicles of the middle ear function to __________.
increase the vibration of the ossicles of the ear
protect the hearing receptors from loud sounds
increase the vibration of the tympanic membrane
connect the ossicles to the oval window
The receptors for sound reception and equilibrium are located in the __________.
middle ear cavity
inner ear cavity
middle and inner ear cavities
outer, middle, and inner ear cavities
The pharyngotympanic tube __________.
contains receptors to maintain dynamic equilibrium
carries sound to the eardrum
amplifies sound waves
equalizes air pressure between the middle and outer ears
When focusing on a distant object, the lens is __________.
unchanged
more flattened
more convex
more concave
Seventy percent of the sensory receptors in the body are associated with which special sense?
sight
hearing
balance
smell
Pinkeye is caused by an infection that produces inflammation of the __________.
lacrimal gland
conjunctiva
tarsal glands
cornea
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
brain
sensory receptors
motor endings
neurons
Dim light and peripheral vision receptors are called __________.
foveae
cones
rods
ganglion cells
Where is the olfactory epithelium located?
in the nostrils
in the soft palate
in the floor of the nasal cavity
in the roof of the nasal cavity
The optic disc on the retina is __________.
a dense collection of rod cells
where the optic nerve leaves the eye
the area of greatest visual acuity
the location of the optic chiasma
Proprioceptors advise the brain of __________.
chemical imbalances
pain localization
temperature of the skin
body movements
Taste buds are found only on the tongue.
true
false
How many cranial nerve pairs are involved with the sense of taste?
2
3
4
6
Which of the following is associated with the parasympathetic system?
embarrassment
excitement
digestion
exercise
Which of the following substances is a hormone and a neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
dopamine
nicotine
Which of the following would NOT occur when the parasympathetic system is active?
low normal blood pressure
elimination of urine
cold, sweaty skin
constricted pupils
Which of the following would NOT take place during exercise or vigorous physical activity?
increased digestive activity to allow more glucose absorption for energy
increased glucose release from the liver to provide increased energy to cells
bronchial dilation to increase ventilation
constriction of visceral blood vessels to supply more blood to the heart and skeletal muscle
Parasympathetic tone dominates all of the following EXCEPT __________.
smooth muscle of blood vessels
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle of digestive tract organs
smooth muscles of urinary organs
The division of the autonomic nervous system that puts you into "fight-or-flight" mode is the __________.
parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
cerebral cortical branch
somatic branch
Dual innervation means that __________.
an organ is supplied by both the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
an organ is supplied by both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system supply an organ
an organ is innervated by both a spinal nerve and a cranial nerve
The parasympathetics in the glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) are responsible for which of the following functions?
activating the parotid salivary glands
focusing the eyes on objects
reflexive blinking of the eyes
activating the nasal and lacrimal glands
The sympathetic division is anatomically more complex than the parasympathetic division.
true
false
__________ and __________ are the major neurotransmitters released by autonomic nervous system neurons.
Nicotine; muscarine
Acetylcholine; norepinephrine
Serotonin; dopamine
Atropine; neostigmine
The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body is the ____.
myelin sheath
dendrite
axon
Schwann cell
Which of these is NOT a SNS response?
decreased peristalsis
dilation of the bronchioles
decreased heart rate
dilation of the pupils
Which of the following is NOT a major part of a neuron?
cell body
axon
dendrites
sarcolemma
The _____ is responsible for thinking and memory.
cerebrum
cerebellum
thalamus
corpus callosum
The _____ contracts the bladder.
parasympathetic response
sympathetic response
The ______ causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
parasympathetic response
sympathetic response
The part of the brain that initiates voluntary movement is the ___.
cerebellum
parietal lobes
frontal lobes
pons
The blood-brain barrier is formed by the ____.
brain capillaries and astrocytes
meninges and CSF
microglia and cranial venous sinuses
subarachnoid space and choroid plexus
