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DNA Structure and Replication

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 4hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This scientist(s) found a "transforming principle" that changed harmless bacteria into harmful bacteria
a)
Mendel
b)
Avery
c)
Chargraff
d)
Griffith
2.
In the early 1900s, most scientists thought it was _____________ that carried traits form parent to offspring. 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
DNA
3.
This scientist(s) conducted experiments that involved injecting mice with S bacteria and R bacteria.
a)
Avery
b)
Griffith
c)
Watson & Crick
d)
Hershey & Chase
4.
From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffin coined the term
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Transformation
d)
Translation
5.
By using radioactive isotopes, Hershey and Chase were able to conclude that __ is/are the carrier(s) of genetic information.
a)
nucleic acid
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Lipids
6.
The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase and Franklin helped us to determine the __ are responsible for carrying genetic material.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
7.
Griffith discovered that
a)
DNA is different than RNA.
b)
adenine = thymine.
c)
bacteria can transfer DNA.
d)
DNA is the genetic molecule.
8.
What organism was Griffith using when he discovered that a harmless strain of bacteria could transform into a lethal strain of bacteria?
a)
pea plants
b)
fruit flies
c)
bacteriophages
d)
mice
9.

Who FIRST showed that DNA was the transforming factor?

a)

Griffith

b)

Avery

c)

Chargaff

d)

Franklin

10.
What did Avery use to destroy proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to show that DNA was the transforming factor?
a)
Bacteriophages
b)
X-ray diffraction
c)
Enzymes
d)
Radioactive isotopes
11.
Which scientists used viruses and radioactive isotopes to definitively prove that DNA, and not protein, was the molecule of heredity?
a)
Griffith and Avery
b)
Chargaff and Franklin
c)
Watson and Crick
d)
Hershey and Chase
12.
Which two radioactive isotopes were used to label the DNA and protein components of viruses called bacteriophages?
a)
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
b)
Phosphorus and Sulfur
c)
Nitrogen and Sulfur
13.

What is a virus that infects bacteria called?

a)

bacteriophage

b)

infectious virus

c)

transformation

d)

gene change

14.

Alone, R-bacteria caused pneumonia.

a)

true

b)

false

15.

Bacteria can steal genes from other bacteria.

a)

true

b)

false

16.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
17.

What type(s) of bacteria did Frederick Griffith work with?

a)

Heat-killed smooth pneumonia

b)

Smooth pneumonia

c)

Heat-killed rough pneumonia

d)

Rough pneumonia

18.

What occurred when Griffith injected a mouse with the rough pneumonia?

a)

The mouse lived

b)

The mouse died

19.

What occurred when Griffith injected a mouse with the smooth pneumonia?

a)

The mouse lived

b)

The mouse died

20.

What occurred when Griffith injected a mouse with heat-killed smooth pneumonia?

a)

The mouse lived

b)

The mouse died

21.

What occurred when Griffith injected a mouse with heat-killed smooth pneumonia mixed with rough pneumonia?

a)

The mouse lived

b)

The mouse died

22.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
23.
What does this image show?
a)
Double helical structure of DNA
b)
Triple Helical Structure of DNA
c)
Double helical structure of RNA
d)
Triple Helical Structure of RNA
24.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect the work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
25.
What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?
a)
Nitrogen bases are held together by peptide bonds
b)
A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts
c)
Proteins are the carriers of genetic information
d)
C and G rarely occur in eukaryotic organisms
26.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
27.
From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffith discovered what?
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Transformation
d)
Translation
28.
By using radioactive isotopes, Hershey and Chase were able to conclude that _____ is the carrier of genetic information.
a)
DNA
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Lipid
29.
The work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of.......
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
hydrogen bonding
d)
nitrogen base pairing
30.
Rosalind Franklin's "Photo 51" allowed Watson and Crick to determine the _______ of DNA.
a)
Shape
b)
Backbone
c)
Nitrogen bases
d)
Hydrogen bonds
31.
The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase, and Franklin helped us to determine that _______ are responsible for carrying genetic material.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
32.
Who was responsible for the experiment depicted by the image?
a)
Martha Chase
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Frederick Griffith
d)
Rosalind Franklin
33.
Who was responsible for the model shown?
a)
Oswald Avery
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Erwin Chargaff
d)
Rosalind Franklin
34.

Who developed the double-helix model of DNA?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Avery

c)

Hershey & Chase

d)

Franklin

35.

Who discovered that A = T and C = G?

a)

Chargaff

b)

Franklin

c)

Watson & Crick

d)

Griffith

36.

Who discovered that genes were composed of DNA?

a)

Oswald Avery

b)

Frederick Griffith

c)

Hershey & Chase

d)

Erwin Chargaff

37.

Which of the following describes the shape of a DNA molecule?

a)

double helix

b)

sphere

c)

pyramid

d)

rectangle

38.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
39.

Name this structure

a)

double helix

b)

nucelotide

c)

twisted ladder

d)

hydrogen bond

40.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
41.

The letters of the DNA alphabet are:

a)

A, C, G and T

b)

A, O, G, and T

c)

C, G, P and T

d)

C, G, T and D

42.

Why is DNA important?

a)

It gives each cell instructions on how to do its job.

b)

It is what the cell membrane is made of.

c)

It helps the cell use water.

d)

It is food for the cell.

43.

In the DNA alphabet, T always pairs with:

a)

A

b)

T

c)

G

d)

C

44.

In the DNA alphabet, C always pairs with:

a)

A

b)

C

c)

T

d)

G

45.

How does DNA spell out different instructions?

a)

By having a double or triple helix

b)

Adding more phosphate

c)

Different combinations of letters from the DNA alphabet

d)

Adding more sugar

46.

A group of three letters on DNA is called a:

a)

Helix

b)

Sugar

c)

Phosphate

d)

Codon

47.

Many letters make a "sentence" that the cell understands. This "sentence" is called a:

a)

Gene

b)

Helix

c)

Phosphate

d)

Codon

48.

A gene tells the cell how to make a __________.

a)

Sugar

b)

Phosphate

c)

Protein

d)

Ribosome

49.

The FULL NAME of the letter A from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Adenine

b)

Albertine

c)

Augmentium

d)

Arginine

50.

The FULL NAME of the letter G from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Guavine

b)

Grapine

c)

Glycine

d)

Guanine

51.

The FULL NAME of the letter T from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Thymine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Tellurium

52.

The FULL NAME of the letter C from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Cytosine

b)

Cysteine

c)

Cryosine

d)

Calypsine

53.

If one strand of DNA says GCT, the other strand says:

a)

GCT

b)

CTA

c)

CGA

d)

TCG

54.

A nucleotide is the building block of:

a)

DNA

b)

Protein

c)

Cell membranes

d)

Mitochondria

55.

The three parts of a nucleotide are:

a)

Sugar, protein, letter from DNA alphabet

b)

Sugar, phosphate, letter from DNA alphabet

c)

Phosphate, protein, letter from DNA alphabet

d)

Phosphate, sulphur, letter from DNA alphabet

56.

The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating:

a)

Letters from the DNA alphabet

b)

Sugar and phosphate

c)

Sugar and protein

d)

Phosphate and sulphur

57.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonacent Acid
b)
Dextroribonucleic Acid
c)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
d)
Dinitrogen Acid
58.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Single helix
b)
Double helix
c)
Triple helix
d)
Double spiral
59.
What base does thymine match with?
a)
Guanine
b)
Adipose
c)
Adenine
d)
Cytosine
60.
What base does Guanine match up with?
a)
Cytosine
b)
Adenine
c)
Thymine
d)
Glycine
61.
What is the complementary DNA strand to the following strand; AACGT?
a)
CCTAC
b)
GGTAC
c)
TTGCA
d)
TTCGA
62.
What is the correct order of steps for DNA replication?
a)
Unwind, unzip, bring in new nucleotides, wind back up
b)
Unzip, unwind, bring in new nucleotides, wind back up
c)
Wind back up, unzip, unwind, bring in new nucleotides
d)
Bring in new nucleotides, unwind, unzip, wind back up
63.
What is the complementary DNA strand to the following strand; ACT?
a)
TGA
b)
GTC
c)
ATC
d)
CAG
64.
What is the name of the sugar found in DNA?
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Oxyclean
c)
Glucose
d)
Ribose
65.
What does it mean to say DNA replication is "semi-conservative?"
a)
A new strand is built from an original strand
b)
A new strand is built from nothing
66.

the monomer of a nucleic acid (a molecule composed of 3 parts)

a)

fatty acid

b)

monosaccharide

c)

amino acid

d)

nucleotide

67.

the process of making an exact copy of DNA (during interphase) for use in mitosis

a)

double helix

b)

replication

c)

genome

d)

human genome project

68.

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

a)

Deoxyribose sugar

b)

Ribose sugar

c)

Phosphate group

d)

Nitrogen base

69.

What makes up the sides of the DNA "ladder"?

a)

deoxyribose sugar

b)

ribose sugar

c)

phosphate group

d)

nitrogen base

70.

What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

a)

deoxyribose sugar

b)

ribose sugar

c)

phosphate group

d)

nitrogen bases

71.

What holds the nitrogen bases together?

a)

covalent bonds

b)

hydrogen bonds

c)

ionic bonds

d)

nitrogen bonds

72.

After replication occurs, how much of the original DNA molecule is found in the replicated molecule?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

e)

75%

73.

Because DNA is antiparallel, one strand must be copied using fragments. What are these fragments called?

a)

Okazaki Fragments

b)

DNA replicase fragments

c)

primase

d)

primers

74.

Which strand of DNA is synthesized (made) continuously?

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

75.

Replicate this strand:

ACCGGATT

a)

TCCGGATT

b)

AGGCCTAA

c)

TGGCCTAA

d)

CCGGAATT

76.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
77.
The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule
a)
contain ribose and deoxyribose in opposite strands.
b)
are held together by hydrogen bonds.
c)
are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together.
d)
contain uracil but not thymine.
78.

Purines:

a)

Double ringed structures

b)

Single ringed structures

79.

Pyrimidines:

a)

Double ringed structure

b)

Single ringed structure

80.

What group do these bases belong to?

a)

Purines

b)

Pyrimidines

81.

What group do these bases belong to?

a)

Purines

b)

Pyrimidines

82.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double helix
b)
Triple helix
c)
Flat, bilayer
d)
Three-pronged rigid ladder
83.
Which enzyme has the job of unzipping the double helix?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
84.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
85.
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
a)
5' T T T A A A G 3'
b)
3' T T T A A A G 5'
c)
5' A A A T T T C 3'
d)
3' U U U A A A G 5'
86.
What are the gaps between the newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?
a)
Okazaki fragments
b)
Polymer gaps
c)
Helicase fragments
d)
Acidic gaps
87.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
88.
3' and 5' refer to...
a)
How effectively the helicase works
b)
What direction the nucleotides are pointing
c)
Where the RNA primer attaches
d)
Okazaki's famous experiment
89.
The enzyme that splits open the DNA creates what's called a fork - where the DNA separates into the lagging strand and the ______ strand.
a)
leading
b)
leveraging
c)
Okazaki
d)
ligase
90.
Polymerase is able to replicate the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.
a)
continuously
b)
only in short fragments
c)
very slowly
d)
prokaryotically
91.
A DNA nucleotide contains all of the following, except...
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Phosphate group
c)
Nitrogenous base
d)
Cholesterol
92.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double helix
b)
Triple helix
c)
Flat, bilayer
d)
Three-pronged rigid ladder
93.
DNA replication turns one strand of DNA into two new strands of DNA. What percent of each new strand is the old strand?
a)
Half of each new DNA is the old DNA
b)
The old strand of DNA was digested, so none
c)
The new DNA is entirely made up of the old DNA
d)
About every sixth base comes from the old DNA
94.
Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?
a)
The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
b)
Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
c)
ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
d)
Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process
95.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

96.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

97.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

98.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Cytosine-

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

99.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

100.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

101.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

102.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

103.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

104.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

105.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

106.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

107.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

108.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

109.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

110.

The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.

a)

Anti-directional

b)

Parallel

c)

Anti-parallel

d)

Anti-uniform

111.

​What gray enzyme in the picture is shown removing the RNA primer?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Exonuclease

d)

RNA Primase

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