They created theories about how the mind works

and what causes human behavior

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According to Plato the Psyche (soul) has 3 parts. Enumerate the three.

(a)  

He Built on Plato's ideas about the mind. 

emphasizes observation, reason as a way to acquire knowledge and understand nature.

(a)  

Psychi means?

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Rene DEscartes came up with a theory that the mind and body as two separate things

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immaterial substance, source of thoughts, emotions, beliefs

(a)  

physical substance

(a)  

This is where the immaterial soul resides in and influences the body from

(a)  

what year did psychology start?

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He founded the first psychology lab and was the first to call himself a psychologist

(a)  

The first psychology lab is found at?

(a)  

All psychological processes are made of basic elements

(a)  

Consciousness can't be broken into parts, but. rather a continuous and changing mental process.

(a)  

Founding Father of Psychoanalysis. Studied unconscious mind, how desires influence behavior, the importance of early childhood, willingly discuss pleasure and sexuality in a scientific context.

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According to Sigmund Freud, what controlled everything a person does?

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Ø  role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories in understanding behavior

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In Freduian Psychology, what are the 3 parts of the psyche?

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Branch of psychology which studies observable behavior.

(a)  

studied classical conditioning in dogs’ learning and memory

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how the brain might be involved in mental processes like perception, Thinking, memory, and judgement

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  Study perception, problem-solving, and decision making. Uses tools like MRI to see how the brain is involved.

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  How the mind changes over time.

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How social situations and cultures affect behavior.

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Amniotic sac forms and is gradually filled with liquid help cushion the embryo. The placenta develops, a round flat organ, that transfers nutrients from the mother, and transfers waste from the baby.

(a)  

Neural tubes (brain, spinal cord, neural tissue of CNS) are formed.

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Reproductive organs develop (difficult to know gender in ultrasound)

(a)  

Ø  Nervous System starts to function

Ø  Reproductive organs and genitalia are fully developed

(a)  

Ø  first movement of the baby

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soft fine hair that covers the back, shoulder, and temples of the baby

(a)  

whitish coating that covers the skin of the baby to protect it from long exposure to the amniotic fluid (shed before birth)

(a)  

Ø  Hair begins to grow on the baby's head.

(a)  

Ø  responds to sounds (moving or increasing pulse).

(a)  

Ø  hearing is fully developed.

Ø  Changes position frequently, responds to stimuli (sound, pain, light)

Ø  Amniotic fluid starts to diminish

(a)  

Ø  Baby's brain develops rapidly (can see and hear).

Ø  most internal organs are developed (lungs may still be immature)

(a)  

Ø  lungs are nearly fully developed.

Ø  baby's reflexes are coordinated (blink, close eyes, turn the head, grasp firmly) 

Ø  Responds to sound, light, and touch.

Ø  Moves less due to tight space

(a)  

The Branch of Psychology that describes, explains, predicts, and sometimes aims to modify age related behavior from conception to death. 

  

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occurs in the persons nature of functioning like achieving efficiency and accuracy in performance. 

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it involves changes in the size of chest, circumference of the head, length of the arms and feet. 

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refers to changes in development that result from automatic, genetically determined signals. 

(a)  

the fertilization of the female ovum or egg by the male sperm

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Threadlike strand of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) molecules that carry genetic information. 

(a)  

a segment of DNA that occupies a specific place on a particular chromosomes

(a)  

according to this, growth tendencies are inborn. 

(a)  

according to this, the primary determinants of development are learning and interaction with environment. 

(a)  

sees both inborn, genetic processes and environmental factors contribute to human development.

(a)  

The first stage of pregnancy (conception – 2 WKS) characterized by rapid cell division. 

(a)  

2.     The second stage of prenatal development (from uterine implantation to the 8 WK), characterized by major body organ and system.  

(a)  

1.      A general pattern of physical growth in which development occurs first in the region of the head and later in the lower region. 

(a)  

A general pattern of physical growth in which development starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. 

(a)  

3.      The third and final stage of prenatal development (8 weeks - birth), characterized by weight gain in the fetus and the fine detailing of body organs and systems. 

(a)  

·         Develops in two sets of egg and sperm  

·         Same sex or one of each 

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·         Develop from same egg and sperm. 

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– Sex chromosomes, XY 

– Sex chromosomes, XX 

(a)  

-          Having only 45 total number of chromosomes.

-          Underdeveloped ovaries

-          Amenorrhea

-          Undeveloped Breast

-          Infertility

-          Webbed neck

(a)  

-          Having an excess X sex chromosome

-          Delayed development

-          Low IQ

(a)  

may be used to look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.

(a)  

-          Having an excess X sex chromosome

-          Undeveloped testes

-          Infertility

-          Developed Breast

-          Low sex drive / energy

(a)  

-          Having an extra Y sex chromosome

-          Severe case of acne during adolescence

-          Below average IQ

-          Taller than normal males

-          Aggressive

 

(a)  

-          Having an extra 21^st chromosome

-          Congenital eyes, ears, and heart defect

-          Short stubby limbs

-          Slopping forehead

-          Protruding tongue

-          Single Palmar

(a)  

-          Microstomia

-          Short palpebral fissure

-          Malformed ears, elongated skull, congenital heart disease

-          Clenched hands

-          Cryptorchidism

(a)  

-          Developed only one eye

-          Defect of eye, nose, lips, ears, and forebrain

-          Hyperconvex

(a)  

-          Extends from birth and the latter part of third year. 

-          During the first weeks, the baby’s capacity for sensory discrimination is less patterned and sensation such as vison and audition, are not yet developed, except the sense of smell, taste, organic and skin sensitivities. 

-          Most of the infant's behavior are reflexive in nature. 

Neonatal task of learning are limited to respiration. Digestion and elimination. 

(a)  

-          There is a rapid growth physically marked by the changes in body proportion. 

-          Can do crawling and creeping movement; roll side to side and over; lie on his back and sit with support and later without support, and eventually learn to walk. 

-          Basic language development (crying, simple vocalization, babbling, or syllabication.) 

  

(a)  

-          Extends from 2 – 6 years old. 

(a)  

-          where behavior dominates because young children are developing distinctive personalities and are demanding independence which they usually can’t handle successfully. 

(a)  

-          where young children spend too much of  their waking time playing with toys. 

(a)  

the time when children are  learning the foundation of social behavior as a preparation for a more highly organized social life. 

(a)  

the time before the child enters formal education and still free pressures and expectations that formal educations gives. 

(a)  

-          which implies that children want to know what their environment is, how it works, how it fees, how they can be part of it. 

(a)  

-          the children’s way of exploring by asking questions which at times are endless. 

(a)  

-          Extend from 6 – 12 yrs. of age. 

(a)  

-          for parents, when children no longer do what they are told to do so since they are more influenced by their peers than by them and their family members. 

(a)  

when sibling fights are common

(a)  

-          children’s major concern is acceptance by their agemate and their membership in a gang. 

(a)  

-          which extends to 17 yrs. of age is usually referred to as the teenage period. 

-          An important period when both the immediate and long term physical and psychological effect are important. 

-          Transition period 

-          Externally, rapid growth and development in physical aspect are characteristics of adolescence. 

(a)  

-          It covers from age 18 – 40 years of age. 

(a)  

where boys and girls assumes responsibilities of adult life

(a)  

-          when parenthood is the most important role in the lives of most young adult. 

(a)  

-          when problems related to adjustment to different major areas of adult life (marriage, parenthood and job) are at hand. 

(a)  

-          when responsibilities at home or at work isolate them from their former peer groups. 

(a)  

-          when they establish new pattern of living and assumes responsibilities. 

(a)  

-          when they fulfill their goals and dreams by soliciting help from significant others to finance their needs. 

(a)  

-          the cause of which is the broadened social contacts they have with different ages and the experiences that go with it. 

(a)  

It extends from age 40 -60

(a)  

-          due to physical and mental deterioration. 

(a)  

-          when several major adjustment must be made in the home, business and social aspect of their lives. 

(a)  

-          when men prove one’s virility or a time when induvial break down physically due to overwork, too much worry and careless living. 

(a)  

-          they become more and more successful or may standstill and do nothing. 

(a)  

-          they will look back and reflect their accomplishments in the light of their earlier aspirations and the expectations of others. 

(a)  

-          Extends from age 60 -70 

(a)  

where physical and mental processes slow down 

(a)  

·         the scientific study of behavior and the mental process that is tested through scientific research (should be systematic in approach).

(a)  

·         ·         gather information on studied behavior and present what is known.

(a)  

·         creating a hypothesis (educated guess) to understand why a behavior is practiced. A theory (more complex assumption to explain and offered for scientific study) is produced from a large amount of experimental study.

(a)  

·         by studying past behaviors, future behaviors can be predicted based upon theory.

(a)  

using what is known to influence future behavior.

(a)  

research for its own sake

(a)  

using principles to solve more immediate problems.

(a)  

study of basic elements that make up human experiences.

(a)  

In 1879, used people’s self-observations about their thoughts (introspection) to map out the structure of the thought process.

(a)  

study of the function or how people & animals adapt to environment.

(a)  

known as the “father of psycholothe gy” taught first psych class in 1875 and wrote first textbook in 1890.

(a)  

– study of how heredity influences a person’s ability, character, and behavior.

Is behavior determined by heredity or environment?

(a)  

concluded that marriages would supply the world with talented offspring (1883).

(a)  

perception is more that the sum of its parts – it involves a whole pattern. German group that picked apart cognitive thought process.

(a)  

·         study of unconscious motives & conflict determine behavior.

(a)  

used free association and dream analysis to study behavior (1940).

(a)  

·         study of how organisms learn or change behavior based upon responses to events in their environment. (Early-mid1900’s)

(a)  

classical conditioning experiment with dog’s salivation.

(a)  

behavior occurs due to stimuli in environment.

(a)  

introduced concept reinforcement to show how behaviors repeat.

(a)  

belief that each person has freedom in directing his/her future an achieving personal growth.

(a)  

humanist whose views differed from behaviorists and psychoanalysts.

(a)  

study of how we process, store retrieve, and use information and how the thought process influences our behaviors. (Since 1950’s)

(a)  

leader in the cognitive field of psychology.

(a)  

study of how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence behaviors.

(a)  

study of cultural and socioeconomic influences on behaviors.

(a)  

a trained person who studies the mind and behaviors of human and animal.

(a)