Is composed of a large complex set of

widely distributed elements, with distinctive

characteristics.

(a)  

Its main function is to recognize

self from non-self and to defend the body against non-

self.

(a)  

Can be defined as a condition of being

resistant to infection.

(a)  

Body’s own (self) tissues are

attacked as if they were foreign.

(a)  

increased susceptibility to infection

(a)  

Allergy or hypersensitivity

reaction.

(a)  

Removal of worn-out cells or damaged

cells.

(a)  

Discover the smallpox vaccination.

(a)  

Discovered live, attenuated cholera and anthrax vaccines.

(a)  

Cellular theory of immunity and phagocytosis.

(a)  

Humoral Theory of Immunity.

(a)  

Demonstrated cutaneous (delayed type)

hypersensitivity.

(a)  

Antibody Formation Theory.

(a)  

Development of the polio vaccine.

(a)  

First monoclonal antibodies

→ Identification of genes for T cell receptor

→ Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine.

(a)  

Derived from the Latin word “immunis” which means

free from taxes or burden or charges.

(a)  

Type of immunity which is present at the time of birth or

that develop during maturation.

• NO PRIOR EXPOSURE is required and the response does

not change with subsequent exposures.

(a)  

Cells which engulf invading foreign

material, constitute major cellular components.

(a)  

Are proteins, and they are the major humoral

component of natural immunity.

(a)  

It occurs following exposure to a particular infectious

agent, either deliberate or accidental.

(a)  

Not used in humans as it may cause disease.

(a)  

Acts like a natural infection and stimulate longer

lasting protection.

(a)  

Risk of reversion to virulent state during

multiplication in the vaccine.

(a)  

Are toxins whose toxicity is destroyed by

addition of certain chemicals or application of

physical agents.

(a)  

Is a vaccine composed of tetanus toxoid,

diphtheria toxoid, and killed Bordetella pertussis.

(a)  

When antigen sequencing is performed, the desired

epitope can be identified

Epitope can be constructed by peptide synthesis in

the laboratory.

(a)  

The vaccine transfects molecules of synthetic

RNA into immune cells, where the vaccine functions

as mRNA, causing the cells to build

foreign protein that would normally be produced by

a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a cancer cell.

(a)  

This is known as adoptive immunity.

(a)  

It represents approximately 50 to 70 percent of the

total peripheral WBC.

(a)  

Major function: phagocytosis & killing of foreign

material or infectious agents.

(a)  

Present in primary and

secondary granules and degrades bacterial cell

wall.

(a)  

Iron-binding glycoprotein that

competes with bacteria for iron (possibly inhibiting

growth) and may also promote PMN adherence to

endothelial cells.

(a)  

Arginine-rich protein that

plays a major role in killing parasites.

(a)  

Normally make up between 1 and 3 percent of the

circulating WBC in a nonallergic person.

(a)  

Smallest of the granulocytes, between 10 to 15 μm in

diameter.

(a)  

Mediate some hypersensitivity reactions.

(a)  

tissue-based basophil.

(a)  

Widely distributed throughout the body and are

larger than basophils, with a small round nucleus and

more granules

→ Unlike basophils, they have a long-life span of

between 9 and 18 months.

(a)  

Also known as mononuclear cells

→ Largest cells in the peripheral blood, with

a diameter that can vary from 12 to 22 μm (average

size of 18 μm).

(a)  

Functions include

micrbial killing, tumoricidal activity, intracellular

parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion of cell

mediators, and antigen presentation.

(a)  

Killing activity is enhanced when macrophages

become “activated” by contact with

microorganisms or with chemical messengers called

cytokines, which are released by T lymphocytes

during the immune response.

(a)  

MOST POTENT PHAGOCYTIC CELL IN THE TISSUE.

(a)  

Play an important role as a transitional cell bridging

the innate and the adaptive response against

pathogens.

(a)  

Are also capable of recognizing any foreign

cell and represent the first line of defense against

virally infected cells and tumor cells.

(a)  

Generally larger than T cells and B cells at

approximately 15 μm in diameter and contain

kidney-shaped nuclei with condensed chromatin

and prominent nucleoli.

(a)  

Is a receptor for the nonspecific end of

antibodies in the NK Cells.

(a)  

Key cell involved in the adaptive immune response

Represent between 20 and 40 percent of circulating

WBCs.

(a)  

Usually from horse serum,

(a)  

This serum is taken from humans recovering from an

infectious disease.

(a)  

Pooled from over 1000 donors

→ 95% IgG, traces of IgM and IgA.

(a)  

Should be given within 72 hours from exposure to

limit viral modificiation, prevent disease or modify

the disease.

(a)  

Together with H2O2 halide

aids in killing bacteria (A process known as

Respiratory Burst/Oxidative Burst).

(a)  

Blocks the replication of virus in other

cells.

(a)  

it produce deep bluish purple.

(a)