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Worksheetsap2 mock exam 1
Total questions: 108
Worksheet time: 57mins
Atrial natriuretic peptide
produced by the heart; promotes sodium ion loss in the kidneys and vasodilation
produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production
produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle
responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
B lymphocyte
produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production
destroys bacteria; directly phagocytosis bacteria
Agranulocyte that secretes antibodies
secretes inflammatory mediators
Basophil
agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety
produced by the testes; promotes androgenic and anabolic actions
secretes inflammatory mediators
Eosinophil
responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety
activates all parts of the immune response; directly kills cancer or virally infected cells
secretes inflammatory mediators
Erythropoietin
produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle
Produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production
Agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety
Estrogens
Agranulocyte that secretes antibodies
Produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety
Produced by the ovaries; regulate the menstrual cycle and the development of secondary sex characteristics
Responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
Leptin
Agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
Responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
secretes inflammatory mediators
Produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety
Melatonin
Produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle
secretes inflammatory mediators
Agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
Produced by the heart; promotes sodium ion loss in the kidneys and vasodilation
Monocyte
Agranulocyte that secretes antibodies
Agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
Produced by the testes; promotes androgenic and anabolic actions
Produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production
Neutrophil
Responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
Agranulocyte that secretes antibodies
Destroys bacteria; directly phagocytosis bacteria
Activates all parts of the immune response; directly kills cancer or virally infected cells
T lymphocyte
Destroys bacteria; directly phagocytosis bacteria
Produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle
Activates all parts of the immune response; directly kills cancer or virally infected cells
Secretes inflammatory mediators
Testosterone
Responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
Agranulocyte that matures into macrophage
Responds to parasitic worm infection and mediates the allergic response
Produced by the testes; promotes androgenic and anabolic actions
Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate some functions of other cells are known as _____.
neurotransmitters
antibodies
electrolytes
hormones
What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?
amine hormones
protein hormones
hydrophobic hormones
hydrophilic hormones
With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
pineal gland
adrenal gland
What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
releasing and inhibiting hormones
stimulating hormones
tropic hormones
trophic hormones
What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)?
increases urine production by the kidneys
water retention by the kidneys
sodium retention by the kidneys
blood glucose regulation
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?
posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
thyroid gland
hypothalamus
What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroxine (T4)
calcitonin
What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)?
calcium
magnesium
potassium
iodine
What is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine
increased osteoblast activity
increased release of calcium ions from bone
increased reabsorption of calcium ions from fluid in the kidneys
Aldosterone regulates __________.
blood calcium ion levels
extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels
blood glucose levels
blood iodide ion levels
What is NOT a primary target tissue of cortisol?
nervous tissue
adipose tissue
muscle tissue
liver tissue
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
growth hormone
cortisol
insulin
glucagon
Harrie has recurring kidney stones. Which hormone should be checked for normal levels?
thyroxine (T4)
calcitonin
triiodothyronine (T3)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Avery has high blood pressure and hypernatremia (excess blood sodium ion concentration). The hypersecretion of which hormone could lead to his condition?
insulin
calcitonin
aldosterone
glucagon
Nina is researching hormones that can stimulate and inhibit the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary. Predict the type of stimulation that regulates the secretion of growth hormone.
humoral stimulation
humoral stimulation
cellular stimulation
hormonal stimulation
What forms the majority of blood?
plasma
leukocytes
platelets
buffy coat
What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?
transport proteins
albumin
antibodies
collagen
What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?
gamma globulin
albumin
beta globulin
hemoglobin
What cell gives rise to all formed elements?
erythroblast
hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
proerythroblast
Reticulocyte
The process of red blood cell production is known as __________.
polycythemia
erythrocytosis
erythropoiesis
erythropenia
What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?
neutrophil
basophil
lymphocyte
eosinophil
Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?
eosinophil
monocyte
lymphocyte
neutrophil
The stoppage of bleeding is known as __________.
hemostasis
coagulation
platelet plug formation
thrombolysis
What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?
calcium ions
iron ions
potassium ions
magnesium ions
Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________.
antibodies
tissue factors
antigens
agglutinins
Which blood type is compatible with B– during a transfusion?
B+
O–
AB–
O+
Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+?
O+
B–
O–
A–
Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make less red blood cells.
This condition is known as __________.
sickle cell anemia
hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with __________.
erythropoiesis
thrombolysis
coagulation
agglutination
A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?
1%
46%
47%
53%
Which of the following is not a potential effect that a hormone could have on its target cell?
Activating genes in the DNA
Stimulating cellular division
Altering the permeability of the plasma membrane
All of the above are potential effects of a hormone on its target cell.
Which of the following hormones is/are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Both a and b
Neither a nor b
The thyroid gland consists of:
Follicle cells that secrete calcitonin.
Spherical thyroid follicles that contain iodine-containing colloid.
Parafollicular cells that produce thyroid hormones.
Spherical thyroid follicles that surround parathyroid hormone-secreting cells.
Which of the following is not an effect of thyroid hormones?
Regulation of the metabolic rate
Promotion of growth and development
Thermoregulation
Synergism with the parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone regulates the metabolic rate.
Parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration.
Parathyroid hormone decreases the blood sodium ion concentration.
Parathyroid hormone causes water retention by the kidneys.
Which of the following is not an effect of aldosterone?
Increased excretion of hydrogen ions from the fluid in the kidneys.
Increased retention of sodium ions from the fluid in the kidneys.
Increased retention of potassium ions from the fluid in the kidneys.
Increased retention of water from the fluid in the kidneys.
Cortisol is:
A potent inhibitor of the inflammatory response.
An important part of the stress response.
Both a and b are correct.
Neither a nor b is correct.
Which of the following hormones is not an integral part of the stress response?
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Insulin
Glucagon
Which of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is false?
Secretion from the adrenal medulla is triggered by ACTH and the sympathetic nervous system.
The adrenal medulla consists of glandular epithelial cells.
The adrenal medulla is a modified postsynaptic sympathetic ganglion.
The products of the adrenal medulla prolong the effects of the sympathetic response.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by__________, and type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by__________.
Hypoglycemia; destruction of the pancreatic B cells
Destruction of the pancreatic B cells; destruction of the pancreatic A cells
Insulin resistance; destruction of the pancreatic B cells
Destruction of the pancreatic B cells; insulin resistance
Which of the following is not a formed element of blood?
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Mast cell
Platelet
Which of the following plasma proteins is responsible for osmotic pressure?
Y-globulins
Albumin
A-globulin
Clotting protein
Erythropoiesis requires stimulation from the hormone:
Thrombin
Thrombopoietin
Thymosin
Erythropoietin
Anemia is defined as:
A decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
A decreased iron content of the blood.
Decreased bone marrow function.
Abnormalities in hemoglobin.
Leukocytes are:
Nucleated cells that function in blood clotting.
Nucleated cells that function in immunity.
Anucleate cells that function in blood clotting.
Anucleate cells that function in immunity.
Platelets are derived from cells called:
Thromboblasts
Leukoblasts
Megakaryocytes
Thrombokaryocytes
Which of the following is not an anticlotting agent produced by endothelial cells?
Prostacyclin
Protein c
Antithrombin-III
Warfarin
Tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, and plasmin are important components of:
Coagulation
Fibrinolysis
Platelet plug formation
Hemostasis
Which antigens does a person with blood type A- have on the surface of his or hererythrocytes?
A antigens
B antigens
Rh antigens
Both a and c are correct
All of the above
Which of the following antibodies does a person with type O+ blood have in his or her plasma?
Anti-A antibodies
Anti-B antibodies
Anti-Rh antibodies
Both a and b are correct
All of the above
Mr. Reczkiewiez has blood type AB-. Which of the following blood types could be safely donatedto Mr. Reczkiewiez, assuming he has had prior exposure to Rh+ blood? (circle all that apply)
Type O+
Type A-
Type B-
Type AB+
Type O-
During the platelet phase of hemostasis, platelet aggregation is followed by platelet adhesion, forming the platelet plug.
True
False
Which of the following is FALSE?
Viral infections cause lymphocytosis
Basophils are more common than eosinophils in the peripheral blood
Eosinophils provide anti-parasitic defenses
Neutrophils are the primary defense against bacteria
Macrophages are phagocytic
Which of the following is TRUE, regarding the clotting cascade?
The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are usually activated together
The intrinsic pathway is slower than the extrinsic pathway
The extrinsic pathway begins with the release of tissue factor
all of the choices are true
The common pathway begins with the activation of factor X
(a) converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
A person whose red cells are positive with (agglutinate in the presence of) anti-B, but are negative with anti-A will have antibody specific for A antigen in their plasma.
True
False
Band neutrophils are slightly immature cells that are released in elevated numbers during a "shift to the left".
Ture
False
Agranulocytes contain no cytoplasmic granules of any kind.
True
False
Heparin is NOT
released by basophils and mast cells
an anticoagulant
a vasoconstrictor
an activator of Antithrombin III
Lymphocytes
are responsible for the nonspecific immune response
none of the choices are true about lymphocytes
have a small nucleus with abundant cytoplasm
are the most common WBC in the peripheral blood
always remain in the blood stream
Activation of platelets in the blood stream will typically cause thrombus formation.
True
False
Gamma globulins are made by the liver.
True
False
Bacteria in the intestine convert (a) into urobilinogen and then into stercobilin, which is excreted in the feces.
Each molecule of adult hemoglobin consists of four globin chains and one heme group, which can bind a molecule of oxygen via the iron component of the heme.
True
False
Erythropoietin, which is made by the kidneys, stimulates the production of RBCs by the bone marrow, thys increasing the number of cells in the bloodstream, and improving oxygen delivery to the tissues.
True
False
Hemosiderin is the transport protein for iron in the blood stream.
True
False
There are more red blood cells than platelets, and more platelets than white blood cells in normal blood.
True
False
Which of the following is FALSE regarding red blood cells?
The shape of a rbc is important because it improves the ability of the cell to exchange gases, and to pass through small vessels.
the developing red cells lose any organelle not necessary for their primary function
biconcave discs have a thick central region surrounded by a thinner outer margin
men have more rbcs than women because testosterone stimulates rbc production
a normal hematocrit should be approximately 45%
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
The stabilization of body temperature
The regulation of the pH andion composition of interstitial fluids
Regulation of growth and development
Transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and wastes
(a) counts are used clinically as an index of bone marrow red blood cell production.
Calcitonin inhibits the activity of (a) cells in bone, decreasing the release of calcium into the extracellular fluid.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone site of secretion
hypothalamus
adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
ACTH site of secretion
hypothalamus
adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
Oxytocin site of secretion
hypothalamus
adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
TSH site of secretion
hypothalamus
neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
ADH site of secretion
hypothalamus
neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
TRH site of secretion
hypothalamus
neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
Calcitonin is released from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland when calcium levels in the blood fall below normal.
True
False
Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts, and increases reabsorption of calcium ions in the kidneys, thus increasing blood calcium levels.
True
False
Active Vitamin D, known as calcitriol, promotes the absorption of dietary calcium from the small intestine.
True
False
LH primary function
ovulation
breast growth and development
increased basal metabolic rate
water conservation
Prolactin primary function
development of ova and spermatozoa
breast growth and development
increased basal metabolic rate
water conservation
T3 primary function
development of ova and spermatozoa
breast growth and development
increased basal metabolic rate
water conservation
ADH primary function
development of ova spermatozoa
breast growth and development
increased basal metabolic rate
water conservation
hGH stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factors and raises blood glucose levels.
True
False
RAAS in the proper order
decreased blood volume, pressure or sodium; release of renin from kidneys; production of angiotensin I; production of angiotensin II; release of aldosterone
decreased blood volume, pressure or sodium; release of renin from kidneys; production of angiotensin I; release of aldosterone; production of angiotensin II
Glucagon stimulates glycogenesis and lipogenesis
True
False
Insulin release is stimulated by increased levels of glucose in the blood stream following a meal.
True
False
Choose the CORRECT statement:
Glucagon is referred to as the "starvation or fasting" hormone
Most cells do not require insulin in order to obtain glucose from the blood
Most of the pancreatic tissue volume is endocrine
Alpha cells of the pancreas produce insulin
All of the choices are true
Human growth hormone and Cortisol stimulate glycogenolysis and lipolysis in order to increase blood glucose levels and provide alternate fuels.
True
False
Testosterone
decreases red blood cell production
is hydrophilic
increases muscle mass
decreases bone growth
Which of the following is FALSE?
endocrine cells secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces through ducts
a single endocrine hormone can alter the activities of multiple tissues at one time
paracrine and autocrine factors are locally acting
hormones are used to coordinate relatively slow, long term activities
How is the mechanism of action of peptide hormones different from the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
Steroid hormones require second messengers for their action, whereas peptide hormones diffuse into the cell through the membrane and directly produce their effect.
Peptide hormones require second messengers for their action, whereas steroid hormones diffuse into the cell through the membrane and directly produce their effect.
There is no difference in mechanism.
None of the choices are true.
Hormone secretion is regulated by signals from the nervous system, from other hormones, and from (a) changes in the blood.
Steroid hormones do not require a carrier protein for transport in the blood stream, because they are water soluble.
True
False
The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the (a) pituitary.
