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WorksheetsBiology Final
Total questions: 112
Worksheet time: 28hrs 0mins
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which sequence correctly lists that the hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
molecule, cell, organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, community, ecosystem
cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle, tissue
Which of the following is a group within the domain Eukarya?
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
You notice over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweashirt style. This is an example of what?
Hypothesis
Experiment
Experimental question
Type of observation
The role of a control in an experiment is to:
prove that a hypothesis is correct
ensure repeatability
provide a basis of comparison to the exerimental group
Which statement about the properties of life is false?
Organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment
Organisms have an unchanging, constant internal environment
Organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it
Organisms have the ability to reproduce
Members of the kingdom Animalia:
make their own food through photosynthesis
can obtain their food either by absorption or by photosynthesis
can obtain their food by eating other organisms
Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae:
obtain food by decomposing the remains of dead organisms
are unicellular
are photosynthetic
An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria to:
die out due to the drastic decrease in population size
be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation
be more resistant to that antibiotic
be more contagious than the prior generation
The four most common elements in living organisms are:
C, H, O, N.
C, H, O, Fe.
C, H, O, Na.
C, N, O, Na.
which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
protons and electrons
neutrons, electrons, and protons
neutrons and electrons
What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
8
6
12
18
An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic mass of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?
15
2
11
5
The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium?
15
11
23
22
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom
be negatively charged
have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom
be positively charged
In the equation 2 H2 + O2 --> 2 H20, the H2 molecules are ___ and the H20 molecules are ___.
reactants, products
used, stored
created, destroyed
productsm reactants
The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as:
cohesion
transpiration
adhesion
polarity
Which of the following statements about water is false?
floating ice on a pond insulates the liquid water below, slowing its rate of freezing.
ice is denser than liquid water.
water naturally exists in all three physical states on earth.
if ice sank, the oceans would eventually freeze solid.
Compared to a solution of pH3, a solution of pH1 is:
10 times more basic
10 times more acidic
100 times more acidic
100 times more basic
Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true?
a solution that could buffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH- ions.
the ammonia has 10 times as many OH- ions as the bleach
the ammonia has 10 times as many H+ ions as the bleach
borh of these substances are strong acids
organic compounds:
always contain oxygen
are synthesized
always contain nitrogen
always contain carbon
the molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multipule of:
CHO2
CH3O
CH2O
CHO
a molecule with the formula c55H110O55 is probably a(n)
steriod
protein
polysaccharide
oil
Many names for sugars end in the suffix:
-hyde
-acid
-ose
-ase
which of the following lists contain only polysaccharides?
starch, amino acids, and glycogen
fructose, cellulose, and glucose
sucrose, starch, and cellulose
cellulose, starch, and glycoden
fatty acids are..?
composed of four linked rings
composed of hydrocarbon chains and a carboxyl group
composed of carbon, hydrogen glycerol, and a phosphate group
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be..?
completely hydrogenated
monoglycerides
unsaturated
saturated
which of the following substances is made of lipids?
cellulose
steriods
enzymes
DNA
a major type of lipid found in cell membranes is..?
unsaturated fats
phospholipids
glycerol
saturated fats
peptide bonds
are used to form amino acids
form between fatty acids
link amino acids
are formed by a hydrolysis reaction
Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?
cellulose, amino acids
collage, nucleic acids
DNA, nucleotides
RNA, ribose
amino acids can be distinguished from one another by..?
the type of bond between the R group and the rest of amino acid molecule
the chemical properites of their R groups
the chemical properties of thei amino and carboxyl groups
the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecule
proteins differ from one another because?
the sequence of amino acids the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein
each potein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules
the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule
the peptide bonds linking amino aids differ from protein to protein
cell theory states..?
all living things are composed of cells and that all cells came from other cells
cells can be created from molecules spontaneously
all living things are made of many cekks
cells make up living and nonliving substances
in the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water
which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
membrane-bound nucleus
nucleiod
ribosomes
chromosome
unlike animal cells, plant cells have ___ and ____. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ____.
centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles
chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus
centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls
chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles
the endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that..?
two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other
a small cell lived inside a larger cell to benefit of both cells
two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell
a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzyme for use by the larger cell.
the light reactions occur in the ____, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ____.
cytoplasm; thylakoid membrane
stroma; nucleus
thylakoid membranes; stroma
stroma; thylakiod membranes
the full range of electromagnetic energy is called the ____ spectrum.
energy
visible
electromagnetic
ultraviolet
why are most plants green?
chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as a sourse of energy for photosynthesis
chlorophyll a reflects green light
chlorophyll a absorbs green light
green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage
which of the following colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis?
blue
red
green
orange
the ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is..?
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
glycolysis
anaerobic metabolism
plant cells..
lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts
have mitochondria and chloroplasts
lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts
plasma membranes are selectively permeable. this means that..?
anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy
plasma membranes must be very thick
the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter & leave a cell more easily than others
glucose cannot enter the cell
the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm & egg, is called?
spontaneous generation
asexual reproduction
regeneration
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction requires ___ individual(s), whereas sexual reproduction requires ___ individual(s).
2;1
1;2
2;2
1;1
eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they
are simpler
are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus
include fewer proteins
are circular in structure
eukaryotic cells spend most of their cycle in what phase?
metaphase
telophase
interphase
prophase
sister chromatids are..?
made only of DNA
joined together at a centromere
found immediately after a cell divides
unique to prokaryotes
both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by..
telophase
interphase
prophase
prometaphase
independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase 1 results in an increase in the number of..?
sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
gametes
possible combinations of characteristics
which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?
cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes
cell division can reproduce an entire organism
cell division is necessary for development to occur
cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction
with the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have..?
identical genes but different chromosomes
the same combination of traits but different genes
a similar but not identical combination of genes
identical chromosomes but different genes
what is the basic difference betweeen exergonic and endergonic reactions?
exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it
exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; energonic reactions involve covalent bonds
exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds
in exergonic reactions, the reactants have leaa chemical energy than the products, in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true.
how do oxygen molecules travel through a cell membrane?
endocytosis
carrier proteins
active transport
diffusion
diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. therefore, diffusion is considered a type of..?
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
passive transport
facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ___ and moves a substance ___ its concentration gradient.
energy and transport proteins; down
energy and transport proteins; against
transport proteins;down
transport protein; against
the process pf a white blood cell engulfing a bacteruim is
receptor-mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
osmsis
exocytosis
the active site of an enzyme is..?
the region of an enzyme that attches to a substance
the region of a product that detaches from its enzyme
the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions
the region of a substance that is changed by an enyme
most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are preformed by?
phosopholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol
proteins
which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria
photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts
cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts
photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts
which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide and water
oxygen and energy to make ATP
oxygen and glucose
oxygen and carbon dioxide
humans use the calories they obtain from ___ as their source of energy.
food
minerals
sunlight
water
during redox reactions,
protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule
the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
during cellular respiratiom energy in glucose..?
is used to manufacture glucose
becomes stored in molecules of ammonia
is carried by electrons
is released all at once
oxidation is the __, and reduction is the ___.
loss of electrons; gain of electrons
gain of protons; loss of protons
gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
gain of electrons; loss of electrons
as a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ___ ATP(s)
2
36
0
1
which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
glycolysis
oxidative phosphorylation
electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
in the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is...?
carbon dioxide
water
oxygen
ADP
which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
lactic acid fermentation
aerobic respiration
alcoholic fermentation
in yeast cells..
alcoholic is produced after glycolysis
lactic acid is produced during glycolysis
alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle
lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration
what is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?
autotrophs
chemotrophs
heterotrophs
CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via what?
stomata
grana
stroma
thylakiods
in the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the ?
matrix
stroma
stomata
thylaoid
thylakoids are arranged in stacks called?
vacuoles
stomata
cristae
grana
what is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosythesis?
ATP
cellular respiration
NADPH
light
if a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnoramlity is called a(n)?
deletion
reciprocal translocation
inversion
translocation
which of the following statements regarding down syndrome is false?
people with down syndrome usually have a shorter life span than normal
down syndrome is the most common serious birth defect in the united states
trisomy 21 is the cause of down syndrome
down syndrome is least likely to be seen in the infants of mothers over 40
mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on what?
roses
fruit flies
guinea pigs
peas
which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false?
an organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait
the expressed physical traits of an organism is called a phenotype
the genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype
alleles are alternate forms of a gene
the phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygote individuals showing independent assortment is expected to be what?
1:2:1
9:3:3:1
3:1
9:1:1:3
a testcross is what?
a mating between two individuals of unknown genotype
a mating between two individuals heterozygous for the trait of interest
a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest
a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual heterozygous for the trait of interest
a carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be ____ to transmit it to offspring.
homozygous for the trait and able
homozygous for the trait and unable
heterozygous for the trait and unable
heterozygous and able
most genetic disorders of humans are caused by what?
recessive alleles
dominant alleles
a mutation that occurs in the egg, sperm, or zygote
multiple alleles
all the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. this means that the allele for red flowers is ____ to the allele for white flowers.
incomplete dominance
recessive
codominant
dominant
the presence of AB blood type illustrates the principle of what?
codominance
incomplete dominance
pleiotropy
dominant
sickle-cell disease is an example of what?
polygenic inheritance
a trait with more than two alleles
pleiotropy
sickle-cell disease is an example of what?
polygenic inheritance
a trait with more than two alleles
pleiotropy
genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as ____ genes and generally ___.
codependent; do not sort independently during meiosis
homologous; are inherited together
linked; do not sort independently during meiosis
linked; sort independently during meiosis
what is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?
two X chromosomes and one Y chromosomes
two Y chromosomes and zero X chromosomes
one X chromosomes and one Y chromosome
one Y chromosome and zero X chromosome
the sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is what?
XX
XO
XY
YY
recessive X-linked traits are more likely to be expressed in a male fruit fly than a female fruit fly because of what?
the male chromosome is more susceptible to mutations
the male phenotype results entirely from his single X- linked gene
the male chromosome is more fragile than the female chromosome
the monomers of DNA and RNA are what?
fatty acids
nucleic acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil
DNA molecules have sugar-phosphate backbone
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
one DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure
how would the shape of a DNA molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?
the DNA molecule would be circular
the DNA molecule would be longer
the DNA molecule would be shorter
the DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length
which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is true?
the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine
the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine
the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine
the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine
DNA replication..
results in the formation of four new DNA strands
begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments
uses each strand of DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand
occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the parental DNA molecule
if one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then the complementary strand would be what?
GCCAUC
GCCATG
GCCTAG
TAACGT
which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?
DNA ---> RNA ---> protein
RNA ---> DNA ---> RNA ---> protein
DNA ---> tRNA ---> mRNA ---> protein
protein ---> RNA ---> DNA
the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called what?
translation
elongation
initation
transcription
the directions for each amino acid in the polypeptide are indicated by a condon that consists of ____ nucleotides in an RNA molecule
five
three
two
four
any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a what?
base substitution
mutation
frameshift
the term gene expression refers to the... ?
process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins
flow of information from parent to offspring
fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes
fact that individuals of the same species has different phenotypes
the coding regions of a gene are called what?
exons
enhancers
introns
promoters
if tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, what would F1 generation look like?
all tall
all intermediate height
1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf
3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf
short hair (L) is dominate to long hair (l), animals LL and Ll have the same what?
phenotypes
genotypes
genes
parents
according to Mendel, what kind of genes "disappear" in F1 pea plants?
recessive
dominant
sex-linked
lethal
an individual with a genetic makeup of aaBB is said to be what?
pure-breeding
recessive
hybrid
heterozygous
if all offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the parents of the cross are most likely what?
AA x aa
Aa x Aa
Aa x aa
AA x Aa
the genetic code is made up of units consisting of how many nucleotides?
2
3
4
5
all mRNA transcriptions begin with what?
a ribosome
AUG
the P site
an anticodon
sickle cell anemia has been traced to what type of mutation?
frameshift
transposon
mutagenic
base- pair subsitution
