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Unit 1 Genetics

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 4hrs 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Many letters make a "sentence" that the cell understands. This "sentence" is called a:

a)

Gene

b)

Helix

c)

Phosphate

d)

Codon

2.

How does DNA spell out different instructions?

a)

By having a double or triple helix

b)

Adding more phosphate

c)

Different combinations of letters from the DNA alphabet

d)

Adding more sugar

3.

In the DNA alphabet, C always pairs with:

a)

A

b)

C

c)

T

d)

G

4.

In the DNA alphabet, T always pairs with:

a)

A

b)

T

c)

G

d)

C

5.

Why is DNA important?

a)

It gives each cell instructions on how to do its job.

b)

It is what the cell membrane is made of.

c)

It helps the cell use water.

d)

It is food for the cell.

6.

The letters of the DNA alphabet are:

a)

A, C, G and T

b)

A, O, G, and T

c)

C, G, P and T

d)

C, G, T and D

7.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
8.

Name this structure

a)

double helix

b)

nucelotide

c)

twisted ladder

d)

hydrogen bond

9.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
10.

Which of the following describes the shape of a DNA molecule?

a)

double helix

b)

sphere

c)

pyramid

d)

rectangle

11.

The FULL NAME of the letter G from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Guavine

b)

Grapine

c)

Glycine

d)

Guanine

12.

The FULL NAME of the letter T from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Thymine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Tellurium

13.

The FULL NAME of the letter A from the DNA alphabet is:

a)

Adenine

b)

Albertine

c)

Augmentium

d)

Arginine

14.

If one strand of DNA says GCT, the other strand says:

a)

GCT

b)

CTA

c)

CGA

d)

TCG

15.

A nucleotide is the building block of:

a)

DNA

b)

Protein

c)

Cell membranes

d)

Mitochondria

16.

The three parts of a nucleotide are:

a)

Sugar, protein, letter from DNA alphabet

b)

Sugar, phosphate, letter from DNA alphabet

c)

Phosphate, protein, letter from DNA alphabet

d)

Phosphate, sulphur, letter from DNA alphabet

17.

The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating:

a)

Letters from the DNA alphabet

b)

Sugar and phosphate

c)

Sugar and protein

d)

Phosphate and sulphur

18.

This could be the dot diagram of

a)

Mg

b)

Cl

c)

C

d)

O

19.

What is the goal of the Lewis Dot Structure?

a)

To determine the electron position.

b)

To show the element's valence electrons & bonding capabilities.

c)

To find the atomic mass of an element.

d)

To search for the number of electrons in an individual atom.

20.

How many valence electrons should Lithium have in its Lewis dot model?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

21.

How many valence electrons should Oxygen have in its Lewis dot model?

a)

5

b)

6

c)

7

d)

8

22.

How many valence electrons should Magnesium have in its Lewis dot model?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

23.

This is a correct dot diagram for nitrogen (N)

a)

true

b)

false

24.

This is a correct dot diagram for carbon (C)

a)

true

b)

false

25.

This is a correct dot diagram for neon (Ne)

a)

true

b)

false

26.

Which of these is correct?

a)
b)
27.

How many electrons should Boron have around its Lewis dot model?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

28.
What's a valence electron?
a)
electrons in the second energy level
b)
electrons in the outermost energy level
c)
the atomic number
d)
electrons in the first level
29.

Which of these is correct?

a)
b)
c)
30.

Sodium (Na) and Sulfur (S) have the same number of energy levels?

a)

Yes

b)

No

31.

Do boron (B) and aluminum (Al) have the same number of energy levels?

a)

Yes

b)

No

32.

How many electrons can the first energy level hold?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

8

d)

Unlimited

33.

Is this the correct Bohr model for silicon (Si)?

a)

Yes

b)

No

34.

How many electrons can the second and third (for our intents and purposes) energy levels hold?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

8

d)

Unlimited

35.

Is this the correct Bohr model for helium (He)?

a)

Yes

b)

No

36.

Is this the correct Bohr model for carbon (C)?

a)

Yes

b)

No

37.

What element is this the Bohr model of?

a)

Fluorine (F)

b)

Potassium (K)

c)

Aluminum (Al)

d)

Boron (B)

38.

An atom has a full first energy level and 7 electrons in its second level. How many electrons does this atom have?

a)

2

b)

7

c)

9

d)

Need more information

39.

An atom has a full first and second energy level and 8 electrons in its third level. This atom is neutral. What element is this atom?

a)

Chromium (Cr)

b)

Argon (Ar)

c)

Magnesium (Mg)

d)

Need mor information

40.

What is a monomer of nucleic acids made of 3 parts, a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitogenous base

a)

DNA

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Deoxyribose

d)

RNA

41.

The backbone of a DNA chain is formed by sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

WHO made a model of the DNA molecule with two strands wound around each other called a double helix?

a)

Chargaff

b)

Watson & Crick

c)

Hershey and Chase

d)

Avery

43.

DNA replication creates two strands of DNA from one. If pink is parental DNA and blue is new DNA - which picture demonstrates the accepted model of DNA replication after the SECOND replication cycle?

a)
b)
c)
d)
44.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

45.

You are given the DNA strand 5'ATGCTCAGCTGA3'. What is the corresponding DNA strand?

a)

5'UACGAGUCGACU3'

b)

5'TACGAGTCGACT3'

c)

3'UACGAGUCGACU5'

d)

3'TACGAGTCGACT5'

46.

Many enzymes are involved in DNA replication. Which is the correct order of enzymes involved in DNA replication from beginning to end?

a)

Helicase, DNA primase, DNA polymerase, Ligase

b)

RNA primase, Helicase, DNA polymerase, Ligase

c)

Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, Ligase

d)

DNA primase, Helicase, RNA polymerase, Ligase

47.

Which is the role of DNA polymerase?

a)

Unwinds the original DNA strand

b)

Lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

Builds new strands by bringing in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Remove Okazaki fragments for new nucleotides.

48.

Which is the last step of DNA replication?

a)

RNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

DNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

RNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

49.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

50.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

Letter A since it is copied from 5' to 3'

b)

Letter A since it is copied from 3' to 5'

c)

Letter B since it is copied from 3' to 5

d)

Letter B since it is copied from 5' to 3'

51.

Which letter in the given picture depicts the okazaki fragments?

a)

A - lagging strand

b)

C - leading strand

c)

B - lagging strand

d)

C - replication fork

52.

DNA replication puts down nucleotides ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

53.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
54.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
55.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
56.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
57.

What are the components of a DNA nucleotide? (Mark all that apply)

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ligase

c)

Nitrogen Base

d)

Phosphate group

e)

Ribose

58.

What's the difference between purine and pyrimidine nitrogen bases?

a)

Pyrimidines are only found in DNA, not RNA

b)

Pyrimidines have two rings, Purines have one

c)

Purines are only found in DNA, not RNA

d)

Purines have two rings, Pyrimidines have one

59.

What does DNA replication mean?

a)

to multiply the number of

b)

to make an exact copy

c)

to reduce the number of

d)

to change the shape of

60.

Which type of bonds are broken between the base pairs?

a)

covalent

b)

ionic

c)

carbon

d)

hydrogen

61.

Choose the correct terms to fill in the blank.

"This type of replication is called _________ since the new molecules of DNA will have one side of the original DNA and the other side will be formed new from free nucleotides."

a)

semi-conservative

b)

DNA replication

c)

mitosis

d)

interphase

62.

In step 3, what parts of the free nucleotides will bond together to form a complete strand?

a)

nitrogenous bases

b)

sugar and phosphate

c)

sugar and DNA

d)

DNA and phosphate

63.

In step 4, what does DNA polymerase do?

a)

attaches the sugar and phosphate

b)

unzips the hydrogen bonds between base pairs

c)

attaches free nucleotides

d)

proofreads the new strands

64.
Mutations are__________
a)
Harmful
b)
Harmful or beneficial
c)
Neutral
d)
Harmful, neutral, or beneficial
65.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

66.
What causes mutations?
a)
Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
b)
The amino acids
c)
Passed down by genetics
d)
It's how your born
67.

What is the total DNA sequence present in all a cell's chromosomes called?

a)

Genus

b)

DNA strand

c)

Genome

d)

Canonical strand

68.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

69.

What is the function of lipids?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

70.

What is the function of proteins?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

71.

What is the function of nucleic acid?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

72.

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

73.

What is the monomer for Lipids?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

74.

What is the monomer for proteins?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

75.

What is the monomer for nucleic acid?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

76.

Which are examples of a carbohydrate?

a)

glucose, pasta, bread

b)

fats, oils, waxes

c)

meats, enzyme, lactase, eggs

d)

DNA, RNA

77.

Which are examples of lipids?

a)

glucose, pasta, bread

b)

fats, oils, waxes

c)

meats, enzyme, lactase, eggs

d)

DNA, RNA

78.

Which are examples of proteins?

a)

glucose, pasta, bread

b)

fats, oils, waxes

c)

meats, enzyme, lactase, eggs

d)

DNA, RNA

79.

Which are examples of Nucleic Acids?

a)

glucose, pasta, bread

b)

fats, oils, waxes

c)

meats, enzyme, lactase, eggs

d)

DNA, RNA

80.
What biomolecule do enzymes belong to? 
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Protein
81.
What elements are common to all 4 biomolecules?
a)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
b)
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
82.
What are the four biological molecules?
a)
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
b)
A, T, C, G
c)
water, air, earth, and fire
d)
Joe, Nick, and Kevin Jonas
83.

What type of mutation repair is done by DNA polymerase before replication is completed?

a)

Proofreading

b)

mismatch repair

c)

excision repair

d)

direct reversal

84.

What type of mutation repair can rebind DNA chromosomes that have split in half due to damage after duplication?

a)

Double-strand break repair

b)

mismatch repair

c)

excision repair

d)

direct reversal

85.

Which mutation repair can fix single nucleotide bases or whole nucleotides?

a)

Double-strand break repair

b)

mismatch repair

c)

excision repair

d)

direct reversal

86.

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

a)

Electrons

b)

Neutrons

c)

Protons

d)

Quarks

87.
Subatomic particles with a positive charge
a)
neutrons
b)
atomic mass
c)
protons
d)
isotopes
88.
Measure mainly of the nuclear particles: protons + neutrons
a)
Subatomic Particles
b)
Atomic Number
c)
Atomic Mass
d)
Gluons
89.
Value representing the number of protons in an element
a)
Atomic Mass
b)
Mass Number
c)
Valence Electrons
d)
Atomic Number
90.

What is the atomic number?

a)

35

b)

18

c)

17

d)

52

91.

How many neutrons does Chlorine have?

a)

18

b)

17

c)

35

d)

52

92.

How many protons and electrons does this element have?

a)

35

b)

18

c)

17

d)

52

93.

What is the atomic mass of Neon?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

30

94.
What is the atomic number of this nucleus?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
95.

What is this element of this atom?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Helium

c)

Carbon

d)

Sodium

96.

What is the name of this atom?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Carbon

c)

Oxygen

d)

none of the board

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