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WorksheetsHB Unit 1 Part 1 Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 36mins
Michael's grandmother is taking part in an experiment to determine how well a new headache medication works. In this experiment, the people in group B, including Michael's grandmother are taking a pill that does not contain the new medication.
In this experiment, what is group B?
Group B is the control group
Group B is the experimental group
Group B is the independent variable
Group B is the dependent variable
One hundred laboratory rats were used in a controlled study to determine the effect of aspirin on the frequency of heart attacks. Fifty rats were each given a daily injection containing 50 milligrams of aspirin for a period of 1 year. On a daily basis, each of the other 50 rats would most likely receive an...
oral dose of 100 mg of aspirin
Injection of 50 mg of water
Injection of 100 mg of aspirin
oral dose of 50 mg of water
Which experimental design would be the best for answering the scientific question “How does light intensity affect the production of chlorophyll in pea plants?”
Using 10 plants of different species, each grown under a different intensity of light
Using 10 plants of different species, each grown under a different intensity of light
Using 10 plants of the same species, each grown under the same intensity of light
Using 10 plants of the same species, each grown under a different intensity of light
Which of the following BEST describes how energy flows in this ecosystem?
Energy flows through all the trophic levels and then back to the producers
Most of the energy from plants is transferred to the mice, grasshoppers, and rabbits because plants don't have to search for their food
Birds have the most energy because energy from all the other trophic levels flows to the birds
About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next trophic level
Ethan is modeling food chains he observes in his local ecosystem. Which of these models represent possible food chains he might observe? Select all that apply.
primary producer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer
primary producer -> consumer -> primary producer -> consumer
primary producer -> consumer -> consumer
consumer -> primary producer -> consumer -> primary producer -> consumer
consumer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer
Which of the claims below does this model support? Select TWO claims that are supported.
The number of trophic levels is unlimited
On average, about 10% of available energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
Among all species in an ecosystem, first-level consumers have the most available energy
The number of trophic levels is limited by the total amount of available energy at the primary producer level
Rabbits are members of a community in a meadow. The rabbits eat grasses, clover, as well as roots, seeds, and tree bark. What defines the organisms that share the same trophic level as the rabbits?
snakes, hawks, and other animals that eat rabbits
community members that interact with rabbits
meadow animals that are about the same size as a rabbit
meadow animals that eat plants and plant products
Thomas constructs a model by completing the following steps.
1. Draw a diagram that shows where oxygen is found on Earth, including the atmosphere, bodies of water, land, and living things.
2. Draw arrows to show how oxygen moves and changes form from one location to another.
3. Label each arrow.
Thomas has constructed an example of what type of ecological model?
Biogeochemical cycle
Food web
Energy pyramid
Food chain
Which of the following BEST describes the flow of energy through a food chain?
Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in either direction.
Energy flows from consumers to primary producers, in one direction only.
Energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in one direction only.
Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in an endless cycle.
Which statement BEST describes how matter moves within and between ecosystems?
Matter flows in a one-way direction through food chains and food webs.
Matter cycles between trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
Matter is made and destroyed as it is used by living things.
Matter cycles through food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
If the primary producers produce 50,000 energy units, about how much of this energy is available to the secondary consumers?
50 energy units
500 energy units
1,000 energy units
5,000 energy units
Which of the following explains the role of plants in the carbon cycle?
Plants transfer carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to sugars in the biosphere.
Plants transport carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to groundwater.
Plants transfer oxygen and carbohydrates in the biosphere to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Plants transfer oxygen in the atmosphere to fossil fuels.
Plants transfer carbon dioxide in the groundwater to carbon and oxygen in the atmosphere.
The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?
Knowledge of ecology would be used most directly in studying the
production of hormones and neurotransmitters in two related organisms
current decline of bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains
structure of subcellular organelles
biochemical nature of genetic transmission
The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as
the climax stage
the biosphere
a population
a biotic community
Which represents a community?
All the paramecium candatum in a pond
the abiotic factors in Lake Michigan
all the interacting populations in a forest
The concentration of minerals in soil
Which of the following groups could be correctly classified as an ecosystem?
The total of all plant and algae populations in a pond
the light, temperature, and minerals in a pond
the fungi, bacteria, and animals in a pond
the living and nonliving factors interacting in a pond
A population could best be represented by all of the
acorn barnacles on a rock
different species of fish in a bay
animals found along a sandy beach
organisms in a pond
Which group contains only abiotic factors?
A
B
C
D
A moss-covered log is overturned by a hungry bear looking for insects to eat. The bear disturbs and ant colony, and some chipmunks leave the log to search for another habitat. What do these organisms have in common?
They are the same species
they require the same food
they are part of the same community
they are abiotic factors in the ecosystem
Organisms, such as plants or phytoplankton that carry out photosynthesis, would cause a decrease of which gas in the atmosphere?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
ozone
Which of the following is NOT something that decomposers can break down in the carbon cycle?
waste products like urine or feces
the bodies of dead plants and animals
carbon dioxide found in the air
scraps of discarded food
When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle?
more water is returned to the atmosphere by transpiration
there is less runoff water, but more transpiration
more photosynthesis occurs, and CO2 begins decreasing
less water is returned to the air by transpiration
Which of the following is common to the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle?
the substances are rearranged into different types of molecules as they move through their cycles
the substances must pass through organisms in order to complete their cycles
the largest reserves of these substances are always in organisms
these substances are required by all living things and are involved in many processes that occur in all living things
Which matter cycle relies the least on the processes of photosynthesis, transpiration, evaporation, respiration, and condensation?
oxygen cycle
nitrogen cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
The large amount of salt in the air and water of coastal areas determines which species can exist there. In these areas, the salt functions as a
source of energy
biotic factor
food source
limiting factor
Which of the following is true?
Level A contains the most producers
Organisms in level B get food directly from level A
Level C contains the largest group of consumers
Level D contains the most heterotrophs
Which level of the pyramid contains autotrophic organisms?
A
B
C
D
Which level of the pyramid contains the greatest biomass?
A
B
C
D
Which group of organisms have the largest biomass in this meadow environment?
deer
wolves
mice
grasses
The function of decomposers in this meadow environment is
converting light into energy through photosynthesis
recycling matter from dead organisms back to the soil
splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gas
acting as an apex predator
Cows eat grass and then various animals consume cows. The amount of energy available to the consumers is lower than the amount of energy available to the cow because cows
reproduce rapidly, passing on energy to their offspring
convert solar energy to food
store all their energy in milk
use energy for their own functions throughout life
The bar graph shows the biomass of 4 different populations in a community. Which population is probably made of producers?
A
B
C
D
In the food web, what would be the direct impact of an increase in the amount of toads in the ecosystem?
an increase in the population of squirrels
a decrease in the population of owls
an increase in the population of snakes
a decrease in the rabbit population
What will MOST LIKELY happen if a new producer is introduced into a food web?
the omnivores will decrease
the carnivores will decrease
the herbivores will increase
the detritivores will decrease
The food chain is algae --> fish --> bear. If you were to place bear into the trophic pyramid, the bear would go on level ________ and have ______________ amount of energy available to it
A, the least
C, the least
A, the greatest
B, an intermediate
Which organism would have the lowest population in this marine community?
diatoms
small fish
small crustaceans
orca wales
What would happen is the cormorants were all removed from this ecosystem?
populations of fluke fish and eels would increase
populations of mud snails and blowfish would increase
populations of ospreys and mergansers would decrease
populations of eels and ospreys would decrease
A photosynthetic organism would be represented by which species?
A
B
C
D
E
All of the following statements about the pyramid of biomass are correct EXCEPT:
Biomass is the total dry mass of the organisms present.
The base of the pyramid generally represents primary consumers.
The amount of biomass at a particular level of the pyramid depends on the amount of energy available.
Certain toxins tend to become concentrated at upper levels of the pyramid.
Biomass pyramids tend to vary for different ecosystems.
Beaked whales feed at various depths, but they defecate at the ocean’s surface. Nitrogen-rich whale feces deposited in surface waters supply nutrients for algae that are eaten by surface dwelling fish. Which of the following best predicts what would happen if the whale population decreased?
There would be a reduction in surface nitrogen concentration, which would cause an algal bloom.
The surface fish populations would decline due to reduced populations of algae.
The remaining whales would accumulate mutations at a faster rate.
The remaining whales would be forced to forage in the deepest parts of the ocean.
Assume there are 50,000 joules (J) of energy available in trophic level II in the figure. According to the conventional model of energy flow in ecosystems, which of the following statements correctly describes the flow of energy in the system?
Trophic level I generates a maximum of 50,000 J of energy.
Trophic level I has approximately 5,000 J of available energy.
Trophic level III has approximately 50 J of available energy.
Trophic level IV has approximately 500 J of available energy.
The following is a food web for a meadow habitat that occupies 25.6km2. The primary producers’ biomass is uniformly distributed throughout the habitat and totals 1,500 kg/km2
Developers have approved a project that will permanently reduce the primary producers’ biomass by 50 percent and remove all rabbits and deer.
Which of the following is the most likely result at the completion of the project?
The biomass of coyotes will be 6 kg, and the biomass of hawks will be 0.5 kg.
The biomass of coyotes will be dramatically reduced.
The coyotes will switch prey preferences and outcompete the hawks.
There will be 50 percent fewer voles and 90 percent fewer hawks.
The available energy in this ecosystem
decreases as it flows from consumer to producer
remains constant as it flows from consumer to producer
decreases as it flows from producer to consumer
increases as it flows from producer to consumer
Which of the following energy pyramids shows the correct placement of trophic levels?
What do the sizes of the levels in the energy pyramid represent?
the amount of energy available in the organisms at each level
the amount of energy used daily by the organisms at each level
the amount of heat given off daily by the organisms at each level
the amount of energy recycled by the organisms at each level
How is the shape of an energy pyramid related to energy flow within the ecosystem?
most energy is concentrated at the highest trophic level
energy is equally distributed among the organisms in each trophic level
only a small amount of energy is available to organisms in ocean ecosystems
only a small amount of energy from one trophic level is available to organisms at the next highest level
Based on the diagram, which statement best describes this ecosystem
Energy is gained by organisms in the ecosystem, while matter is lost
Energy flows through the ecosystem, while matter is cycled and conserved
Energy cycles in the ecosystem, while matter is transferred to the organisms
Energy is made by the organisms, while matter flows through the ecosystems
At point Y, carbon is most likely to be in which of the following forms as it is transferred from the cows to the grass?
protein
solid carbon
carbohydrates
carbon dioxide gas
the natural cycling of oxygen between organisms and their environment is most directly accomplished by which pair of processes?
fermentation and oxidation
transpiration and evaporation
precipitation and condensation
photosynthesis and respiration
In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Which of the following is most likely to happen next to the atom of carbon in this molecule?
it may be used as a part of a sugar molecule in a plant through photosynthesis
it may become part of a protein in an animal
it may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned
it may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by bacteria
In traditional landscaping, leaves are raked off the ground and bagged. In which of the following ways does this practice most significantly disrupt natural nutrient cycling?
it carries away microorganisms that can perform nitrogen fixation for plants
it reduces the rate of oxygen and carbon cycling via photosynthesis
it prevents carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen from being returned to the soil through decomposition
it increases the amount of carbon dioxide that is released to the atmosphere
How do animals get carbon?
By eating plants and or other animals.
They absorb it from the atmosphere.
From the ground
They do not get carbon from anywhere.
Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?
Which statement best describes what will happen if the population of herbivores in the community decreases?
the population of foxes will increase
the population of hawks will increase
the population of rabbits will increase
the population of meadow plants will increase
Which energy pyramid best represents the data in the table?
Which statement is true, based on the diagram?
energy flows through a community from the sun to producers and then to consumers
nutrients are available to producers, but not consumers
nutrients AND energy both come from sunlight
some trophic levels have no available energy
What do the arrows in the food chain indicate about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
energy is continuously recycled by the organisms in an ecosystem
energy flows in one direction in an ecosystem from producers to consumers
more of the available energy in an ecosystem is given to large animals than to small animals
organisms at the end of the food chain receive more energy than those at the beginning
which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?
