Provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines.

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It is a framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the practice of nursing at a concrete and specific level.

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Curriculum Era

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Research Era

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Graduate Education Era

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Theory Era

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Theory Utilization Era

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A moving nursing education to hospital based diploma program into college and universities.

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Era which is the path to how knowledge part of curricula to graduate program.

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The masters program in nursing emerged to meet the need for nurses with special education.

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The outgrowth of research era produced in nursing science.

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It is how to learn a particular nursing research.

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It is the broadest in scope, represent the most abstract level of development, and addresses the broad phenomena of concern within the discipline.

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Theories based on broad, abstract, and complex concepts experience.

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Theory that addresses more concrete and more narrowly defined phenomena. It is intended to answer questions about nursing phenomena, yet they do not cover the full range of phenomena of concern to the discipline.

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This theory drill down into specific areas of nursing rather than deal with sweeping concepts.

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Theory concrete and narrow in scope. It explains a specific phenomenon of concern to the discipline.

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Theory that narrow their focus even further specially focusing on concepts concerning a defined patient population at specific time.

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beliefs and values that define a way of thinking and are generally known and understood by a group of disciplines.

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a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as a basis of action. It refers to a logical group of general propositions used as principles of explanation. Theories are also used to describe, predict, or control phenomena

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often called the building blocks of theories. They are primarily the vehicles of thought that involve images

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representations of interaction among and between the concepts showing patterns. They present an overview of the thinking behind the theory and may demonstrate how theory can be introduced into practice.

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a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts that are used interchangeably with the conceptual model and with the grand theories.

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statements that describe the relationship between concepts

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it is the perspective or territory of a profession or discipline

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it is the perspective or territory of a profession or discipline

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series of organized steps, changes, or functions intended to bring about the desired result.

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refers to a pattern of shared understanding and assumptions about reality and the world, worldview or widely accepted values system

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the most general statement of discipline and function as a framework in which the more restricted structures of conceptual models are developed.

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client or human being; recipient of nursing care and may include individuals, patients, groups, families and communities.

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defined as the internal and external that surrounds and affects the client.

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the complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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defined as the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences

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the attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of or in conjunction with the client.

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given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events or a group of situations. It may be temporary or permanent.

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Nursing theories focus on the (a)   of nursing

define a theory. They are used to describe or label the Concepts phenomenon

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mentally constructed independent of specific time or place.

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are directly experienced and related to a particular time or place

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used to convey the general meaning of the concepts (the theory). This can be theoretical or operational.

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– define a particular concept based on the theorist’s perspective

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states how concepts are measured

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define the relationship between two or more concepts. They are the chains that link concepts to one another.

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accepted as truths and based on values and beliefs. These are statements that explain the nature of concepts, definitions, purpose, relationship, and structure of a theory

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The first nursing theories appeared in the late

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defined nursing in her “Environmental Theory”

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introduced her Theory of Interpersonal Relations

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conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals

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published her work “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems”

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emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse

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pioneered the Behavioral System Model.

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viewed nursing as both a science and an art.

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states in her theory that nursing care, the Self-care Deficit Theory

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Theory of Goal attainment was introduced by (a)  

Her theory states that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability.

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viewed the individual as a set of interrelated systems

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developed the philosophy of caring highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing

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It is a systematic rationale method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

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Process used to identify, diagnose and treat human responses to help an illness.

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Entails gathering and analyzing data in order to identify clients strength and potentials or actual health problems.

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Collection of information about patient’s health condition

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Identifies the patient’s problems from collective data

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Setting goal of care and identifying appropriate nursing actions

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Putting the plan in action

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If the goals are achieved or not, it is particularly the outcome

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