WorksheetsUnit 3 and 4
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins
Coat color in a dog breed is determined by incomplete dominance where three colors are produced (Brown, tan and white), and the brown coat allele (B) has incomplete dominance over the white coat allele (b). Which offspring ratio would be expected from a cross between a tan dog and a white dog?
A. 2 BB: 2 Bb
B. 4 Bb
C. 1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb
D. 2 Bb: 2bb
Which principle best explains why the gametes only each contain a single allele?
A. Mendel's Law of Dominance states that dominant alleles must separate from recessive alleles in gamete formation.
B. Mendel's Law of Inheritance states that only one allele is inherited from each parent and the dominant allele is inherited first.
C. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that alleles must segregate during gamete formation in order to create haploid sex cells need for reproduction.
D. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that each trait is inherited separately and the resulting gametes each only contain the DNA for a single trait.
Where do adaptations come from?
The individual organism decides to adapt
Mutations that give an organism an advantage in its environment
Genetic recombination during meiosis
Both mutations and genetic recombination are sources of adaptation
_________ characters have similar structure but different function indicating they developed from a common ancestor.
Mechanism of evolution responsible for a random change in a population is known as:
Speciation
Selection
Genetic Drift
Variation
Situation in which allele frequencies change as aresult of the migration of small subgroup of a population is known as:
founder effect
genetic bottleneck
random mating
natural selection
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year. This results in larger apples from year to year.
A bubble guppy with a yellow tail has offspring with a bubble guppy with a red tail. The offspring have orange tails. What is this an example of?
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Triats
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder. Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for haemophilia?
What is NOT a possible genotype for someone with type B blood?
IBIB
IAIB
IBi
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Independent assortment
Recessive inheritance
What stage of mitosis is depicted here
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Spindle fibers attach, centrioles line chromosomes in the center of the cell describes:
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Centrioles pull the chromosomes apart towards the opposite sides of the cell describes:
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
In which phase does crossing-over happen?
Prophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase I
Anaphase II
During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
dRNA
Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA
UUGACUU
TTGACTT
AACTGAA
AACUGAA
How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
Only DNA can leave the nucleus
RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil
DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded
DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil
What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?
DNA
The table describes many of characteristics used to classify most organisms in the plant, animal, bacteria and protist kingdoms.
Which statement describes a characteristic used to separate the bacteria kingdom from the other kingdoms shown?
the number of cells in the organism
the mechanism the organism uses to obtain energy
the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a membrane
the way the organism transfers genetic information to its offspring
Which community has a greater species RICHNESS?
Community A
Community B
They both have EQUAL species richness
NEITHER
Which community has a greater species EVENESS?
Community A
Community B
They BOTH have EQUAL species eveness
NEITHER
Allopatric speciation can be described as
two subpopulations of a species becoming isolated from each other, which prevents genetic
exchange.
two subpopulations of a species evolving reproductive isolation while continuing genetic exchange.
new species evolving from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region.
new species forming from an isolated peripheral population.
Within the nitrogen cycle, the transformation of nitrates into nitrogen gas is called
nitrification.
denitrification.
ammonification.
nitrogen fixation.
Which of the following processes would result in aneuploidy?
The exchange of genetic material that occurs during crossing over.
The failure of a homologous pair to separate during meiosis I.
The failure of chromosomes to correctly align at prophase II.
The separation of homologous pairs during metaphase.
A clade is a group of organisms
of one or more populations that form a unit.
living in a particular geographical area that can interbreed.
that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants.
consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
The non-coding regions at the end of chromosomes that provide protection during DNA replication are
centromeres.
telomeres.
introns.
tRNA.
Microevolution is the small-scale variation of allele frequencies
within a population in which the descendant is of the same taxonomic group as the ancestor.
that causes a change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations.
that increases taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity, due to adaptive changes in species.
above the level of species, in which the descendant is in a different taxonomic group to the ancestor.
In the diagram, which of the processes labelled A to D transfers the largest mass of carbon pr year in a woodland ecosystem?
A
B
C
D
Which organism is best described as a saprotroph?
A fungus that digests its food externally and absorbs the products of digestion
A beetle that feeds by ingesting the dung of other animal species and digesting its food internally
A single-celled eukaryote that is able to photosynthesize and consumes smaller organisms by endocytosis
A giraffe that feeds by ingesting leaves from an acacia tree
The diagram shows interactions between food chains in an ecosystem in the African savannah.
Which arrows indicate the flow of chemical energy?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?
Food eaten by animals at the highest trophic level has a lower energy content per gram
Energy losses through the food chain
Conversion of heat energy into chemical energy
Biomass of producers is small
Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?
Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of all cells in the human body
Chromosomes contain DNA
All of the above
Variations of the same gene are known as...
gametes
chromosomes
alleles
characteristic
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
circular chromosome
linear DNA
diploid nuclei
homologous chromosomes
What information can be deduced from this karyotype?
Male
Human
Female
Haploid
Which of the following is true for an organism with 18 chromosomes in a normal diploid cell?
Mitosis produces cells with 9 chromosomes and meiosis produces cells with 18 chromosomes
Mitosis produces cells with 18 chromosomes and meiosis produces cells with 9 chromosomes
Mitosis produces cells with 36 chromosomes and meiosis produces cells with 18 chromosomes
Mitosis produces cells with 18 chromosomes and meiosis produces cells with 18 chromosomes
When an organism has two different alleles at a particular locus, they are _________for that trait
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Non-disjunction typically occurs during which phase of meiosis?
Anaphase II
Metaphase I
Prophase I
Metaphase II
Downs syndrome is the result of trisomy in chromosome _______?
12
13
21
X
In some prokaryotes there are segments of DNA independent of the chromosome, what are these called?
Platelets
Plasmids
Plastids
Prototypes
What are the differences between Metaphase I and Metaphase II?
Metaphase I: homologous chromosomes align at equator; Metaphase II: sister chromatids segregate to opposite poles
Metaphase I: homologous chromosomes align at equator; Metaphase II: homologous chromosome segregate to opposite poles
Metaphase I: homologous chromosomes align at equator; Metaphase II: sister chromatids align at equator
Metaphase I: sister chromatids align at equator; Metaphase II: homologous chromosomes segregate to opposite poles
HL
When a species is divided into several populations separated by a physical barrier they may be prevented from reproducing, even though they are potentially able to interbreed.
What is the name given to this situation?
Natural selection
Speciation
Reproductive isolation
Gene flow
What effect does natural selection have on the frequences of individuals with better adapted phenotypes?
It increases the frequency of better adapted phenotypes.
It increases the frequency of the other phenotypes but not the best adapted one.
It decreases the frequency of better adapted phenotypes.
It does not change the frequency of better adapted phenotypes.
What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?
Takes place in nucleus
Requires free nucleotides
Catalysed by polymerase
Complementary base pairing
A sequence of nucleotides reads GGACAGAGCGCAGACGA. In which type of molecule could this sequence be found?
DNA molecule only
RNA molecule only
DNA and RNA
Neither DNA nor RNA
HL
What are the functions of DNA primase and DNA polymerase 1 in DNA replication?
A
B
C
D
The pedigree chart shows a family affected by cystic fibrosis.
What is the genotype of the affected boy's father?
AA only
Either AA or Aa
Aa only
aa only
Which of these structures is NOT homologous?
A
B
C
D
Which pedigree is showing a RECESSIVE inheritance pattern?
What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?
Sex-Linked Dominant
Sex-Linked Recessive
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
Which of the following graphs shows a population of organisms with a carrying capacity?
Which of the following shows species population in an environment where there is no limiting factor?
Define "carrying capacity"
any factors in an environment that are limited
when population increases slowly at first then grow at an accelerated rate
minimum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support
maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support
The monkey would be a
decomposer
producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
Which of the following best describes primary succession?
Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil
Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem
Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time
Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.
What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?
Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil
Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage
Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community
Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil
Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.
Predation
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
What type of sugar is present in the DNA strand?
Glucose
ribose
deoxyribose
dextrose
What is the function of PCR?
To cut DNA into smaller fragments
To separate DNA fragments based on size
To compare DNA from different species
To amplify DNA
Name the process used to synthesis mRNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Protein synthesis
Name the process shown
DNA replication
Transcription
Meiosis
Translation
Name the process shown
Translation
Transcription
Amino acid synthesis
mRNA synthesis
