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Q1 AP Biology Benchmark Review

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The calvin cycle requires what substances from the light reaction?

a)

CO2 and Water

b)

light and CO2

c)

ATP and NADPH

d)

glucose and O2

2.

ATP is made during the light reaction using all of the following EXCEPT

a)

proton pump

b)

hydrogen ion gradient

c)

electron energy from photosystem II

d)

NADPH donating electrons

3.

Photosystems are made of

a)

chloroplasts

b)

chromosomes

c)

chlorophyll

d)

cytoplasm

4.

The NADP+ is

a)

oxidized during the light reaction

b)

reduced during the light reaction

c)

oxidized during the Calvin cycle

d)

reduced during the Calvin cycle

5.

If the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid was not working which molecule could not be made during the light reaction?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen gas

6.

Rubisco is important in which step of photosynthesis

a)

energizing the electrons in chlorophyll

b)

carbon fixation when CO2 is connected to RUBP during calvin cycle

c)

regeneration phase as RUBP is made during calvin cycle

d)

reduction of the carbon chain during the calvin cycle

7.

Photosynthesis goal is to

a)

convert light energy into glucose energy

b)

use light energy to make oxygen gas

c)

convert sugar energy into ATP

d)

convert sugar energy into oxygen gas

8.

Plants use the following reactants for the light reaction

a)

Water and CO2

b)

Water and NADPH

c)

Water and NADP+

d)

NADPH and ATP

9.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
10.
How many sugar molecules are produced from every six molecules of carbon dioxide that enter the Calvin cycle?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
12
11.

What element(s) are in carbohydrates?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Nitrogen

e)

Sulfur

12.

Which of the following are structural polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

13.

Which of the following are storage polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

14.

What polysaccharides are animals unable to break and why?

a)

Cellulose due to alpha glyosidic linkages

b)

Cellulose due to beta glyosidic linkages

c)

Starch due to alpha glyosidic linkages

d)

Starch due to beta glyosidic linkages

15.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a)

Glucose

b)

Maltose

c)

Lactose

d)

Sucrose

16.

Which of the following describes the process involved in metabolizing carbohydrates?

a)

During hydrolysis a water molecule is added to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

b)

During hydrolysis a water molecule is removed to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

c)

During dehydration synthesis a water molecule is removed to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

d)

During dehydration synthesis a water molecule is added to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

17.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

18.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of fungi?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

19.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of prokaryotes?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

20.

If two glucose molecules (C6H12O6) undergo a dehydration reaction, which of the following represents the chemical formulas for the product(s)?

a)

2 C6H12O6

b)

C12H24O12

c)

C12H22O11 + H2O

d)

C12H24O12 + H2O

21.
All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a(n)
a)
electron microscopy
b)
cell wall
c)
cell membrane
d)
photo cell
22.
_____ are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
a)
Phototophylites
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Eukaryote
d)
LocoKaryotes
23.
Meagan has a large membrane-enclosed structure within her cells that contain her DNA known as a(n) _______
a)
Necleo Peptide
b)
nucleus
c)
RNA marker
d)
ribozome
24.
In general, Eukaryota cells (including plant and animal cells) are ____ _____ than Prokaryotic cells. 
a)
obviously stronger
b)
less complex
c)
more complex
d)
obviously weaker
25.
What is the total magnification of a microscope with an eyepiece magnification of 10x and an objective lens magnification of 50x ?
a)
500x
b)
50x
c)
5x
d)
5000x
26.
_____ are located near the nucleus, help organize cell division, and are not found in plant cells.
a)
vacuoles
b)
centrioles
c)
chloroplasts
d)
organelles
27.
_____ cells contain an internal membrane system known as the ______ ____ where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials
a)
Eukaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b)
Prokaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
c)
Mutant, oxygen exchanger
d)
New, permeable membrane
28.
______ are the biological equivalent of a solar cell.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts
c)
ER
d)
Golgi Apparatus
29.
Most prokaryotic cells produce a strong supporting layer around the cell membrane known as a(n) ___ ____. 
a)
plastic cellotite
b)
cell wall
c)
selective argroleme
d)
vacuole pyrite
30.
The ____ ____ regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
ER
c)
cell wall
d)
cell membrane
31.
Particles moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration are demonstrating _____.
a)
diffusion
b)
confusion
c)
permeable response to environment
d)
permanent membrane
32.
Molecules that are unable to diffuse across the membrane may use _____ ____ or special protein channels to pass through,
a)
permits glucosomine
b)
permits forfietures
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
optional optusion
33.
Isotonic, as pertains to water and sugar, refers to ______ _____.
a)
strong limbs
b)
same strength
c)
upside down
d)
over production
34.
When it is said that the more concentrated sugar solution is "above strength" then it is referring to _______.
a)
hyper-speed
b)
hyper-solution
c)
hypertonic
d)
supersonic
35.
The ____ ____ gives cell membranes a flexible structure
a)
lipid bilayer
b)
lipid loped
c)
loped liped
d)
multi lingual
36.
When the membrane allows one substance to pass but not another it is said to be ____ ___
a)
picky picky
b)
selectively blind
c)
selectively permeable
d)
permeable lock
37.
The _____ convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cells can use.
a)
lipid corigidors
b)
mitochondria
c)
celluliptaz
d)
permitria
38.
Relatively stable internal and external conditions is referred to as ______.
a)
homeopathy
b)
homo-sapiens
c)
homogenous
d)
homeostasis
39.
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
a)
tissue
b)
no cells are similar
c)
plutonium
d)
argon
40.
Many groups of tissue work together as a (n) _____.
a)
peticure
b)
organ
c)
oligarchy
d)
olive
41.

Which of the following is NOT a step in cellular respiration?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

42.

Where does glycolysis take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

43.

What is the input of glycolysis?

a)

Glucose

b)

Pyruvate

c)

NADH

d)

G3P

44.

What is the output of glycolysis?

a)

Glucose

b)

2 pyruvate

c)

2 NADH

d)

2 ATP

e)

2 FADH2

45.

What is the main function of glycolysis?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

46.

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

47.

What is the input of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Acetyl CoA

c)

Glucose

d)

NADH

48.

What is the output of the Krebs Cycle (one turn)?

a)

3 NADH

b)

1 FADH2

c)

1 ATP

d)

2 CO2

e)

Acetyl CoA

49.

What is the main function of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

50.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

51.

What is the input of oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

NADH

b)

FADH2

c)

Pyruvate

d)

Glucose

e)

ATP

52.

What is the output of oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

ATP

b)

NADH

c)

FADH2

d)

Glucose

53.

What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

54.

Which step of cellular respiration REQUIRES oxygen?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

55.

Which step can be performed by prokaryotes AND eukaryotes?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

56.

An example of LOCAL cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

57.

An example of DIRECT cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

58.

The figure above shows a model of a ligand precursor being cleaved to produce an active ligand that binds to a specific receptor. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the binding of the active ligand to its receptor?

a)

A change in the cytoskeletal attachment of transmembrane proteins

b)

The presence of a large amount of the precursor form of the ligand

c)

An increase in the ratio of the number of unsaturated to the number of saturated fatty acid tails of the membrane lipids

d)

A mutation in the receptor gene that causes a substitution of a charged amino acid for a nonpolar amino acid in the ligand binding site of the receptor

59.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
60.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
61.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
62.

The binding of a ligand to a ligand-gated ion channel can cause the channel to ___.

a)

open

b)

close

c)

both answers can be correct

63.

A cell converting a chemical signal into a cellular response is known as __.

a)

energetics

b)

transduction

c)

ligand response

d)

transformation

64.

After a ligand binds, the intracellular domain of a receptor protein changes _____, initiating transduction of the signal.

a)

color

b)

size

c)

shape

65.

Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?

a)

hormone

b)

local regulator

c)

endocrine cell

d)

plasmodesmata

66.

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

a)

an phosphorylation cascade

b)

binding of multiple signals

c)

branching pathways

d)

action of adenylyl cyclase

67.

What do secondary messengers, like cAMP, do?

a)

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer

b)

relay & amplify a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

c)

relay & amplify a message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm

d)

dampen the message

68.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
69.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
70.

The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is __________.

a)

protein dehydrogenase

b)

protein kinase

c)

protein phosphatase

d)

peptidase

e)

protein cyclase

71.

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because __________.

a)

they are species specific.

b)

the number of molecules used is small and fixed.

c)

they always lead to the same cellular response.

d)

they amplify the original signal manyfold.

e)

they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases.

72.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

a)

all work via protein kinases

b)

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

c)

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

d)

all work by opening ion channels

e)

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

73.

What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Synapse

d)

Carbohydrates

74.

What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?

a)

gated ion channel

b)

G-protein receptor

75.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
76.

What event would activate a G protein?

a)

replacement of GDP with GTP

b)

hydrolysis of GTP to GDP

c)

hydrolysis of GDP to GTP

d)

phosphorylation of GDP to GTP

e)

phosphorylation of GTP to GDP

77.

Testosterone does not affect all cells of the body because __________.

a)

testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane

b)

not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone

c)

not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for testosterone

d)

it is a local regulator

e)

it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors

78.

Second messengers tend to be water-soluble and small. This accounts for their ability to __________.

a)

rapidly cross the plasma membrane

b)

pass quickly from cell to cell

c)

move from substrate to substrate during a phosphorylation cascade

d)

rapidly move throughout the cell by diffusion

e)

cross the nuclear membrane and interact with DNA

79.

Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because __________.

a)

only target cells retain the appropriate DNA segments

b)

most cells lack the Y chromosome required

c)

only target cells possess the cytosolic enzymes that transduce the testosterone

d)

only in target cells is testosterone able to initiate the phosphorylation cascade leading to activated transcription factor

e)

intracellular receptors are present only in target cells

80.

The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________.

a)

cAMP

b)

protein kinase

c)

GTP

d)

ATP

e)

protein phosphatase

81.

Phospoholipid

a)

Lipophillic

b)

Amphiphatic

c)

Hydrophobic

d)

Hydrophillic

82.

An example of Facilitated diffusion

a)

Sodium-potassium pump

b)

Glucose Transport model

c)

Ping-pong model

d)

Insulin transport model

83.

Transport of large molecules into the cell

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Phyllocytosis

d)

Phagocytosis

84.

Active transport is different to passive transport because....

a)

it doesnt require ATP.

b)

molecules move agaisnt a concentration gradient.

c)

it only uses channel proteins.

d)

molecules move towards a concentration gradient.

85.

Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by mutations in a membrane protein.

a)

Cystic Fibrosis

b)

Anemia

c)

Parkinson’s disease

d)

Alzheimer’s disease

86.

Triglyceride

a)

2 lipid tails

b)

3 lipid tails

c)

no lipid tails

d)

4 lipid tails

87.

According to mosaic model, plasma membrane made up of_________

a)

Cellulose and hemicellulose

b)

Phospholipids and hemicellulose

c)

Phospholipids, cholestrol and membrane proteins.

d)

Phospholipids only

88.

Some functions of of Membrane Proteins

a)

1. DNA synthesis

2. Osmoregulation

b)

1.Protein synthesis

2. Cell Junctions

3. Metabolism

c)

1. Cell-to-cell communication

2. Junctions

3. Transport

3.

d)

1. Transport

2. Protein degradation

89.

The type of cell junction which facilitates cell to cell communication. 

a)

Adhering junction

b)

Desmosomes

c)

Tight junction

d)

Gap junction

90.

Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane?

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Proline

c)

Glycolipids

d)

Phospholipids

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