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22 - 23 DNA, Replication, & Cell Cycle

Total questions: 112

Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What makes up the SIDES of a DNA ladder?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

sugars & phosphates

c)

genes & chromosomes

d)

RNA

2.

What makes up the rungs (steps) of a DNA ladder?

a)

sugars & phosphates

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugars

d)

genes & chromosomes

3.

What SHAPE is DNA?

a)

single strand

b)

straight ladder

c)

double helix (twisted ladder)

d)

DNA has no shape

4.

In DNA. what base always pairs with A?

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

5.

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the following order of bases, what will be the correct order of bases on the complementary (matching) strand?

5'-AATTGGCC-3'

a)

3'-AATTGGCC-5'

b)

3'-TTAACCGG-5'

c)

3'-GGCCAATT-5'

d)

5'-TTAACCGG-3'

6.

What is DNA made up of?

a)

nucleotides

b)

cytoplasm

c)

RNA

d)

cells

7.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
8.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
9.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
10.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
11.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

12.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

13.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

14.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
15.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
16.
A nucleotide is made up of three parts:  which of these is not one of those parts?
a)
sugar
b)
phosphate
c)

hydrogen bond

d)
base
17.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
b)
Denatured Natural Acid
c)
Do Not Accept
d)
I Don't Know
18.
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine are examples of
a)
DNA structure
b)
DNA bases
c)
DNA double helix
d)
Paired bases
19.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
20.

Which of the following is NOT an important clue provided by Rosalind Franklin's Photo 51?

a)

DNA is a helix shape

b)

Nitrogen bases are on the inside of the molecule

c)

There are 2 strands

d)

Uracil is one of the nitrogen bases

21.

What is the sequence of the bases in DNA most important for?

a)

providing instructions for traits of an organism

b)

allowing the DNA to condense

c)

the accurate function of DNA polymerase

d)

allowing it to be stored in the nucleus

22.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with (complement) this partial strand

CAT TCA CTG

a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

23.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with (complement) this partial strand

CAT TCA CTG

a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

24.

Which of the following are the monomers of nucleic acids?

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

d)

polysaccharides

25.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
26.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
27.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
28.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
29.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
30.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary nucleotides during DNA replication?

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

31.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
32.
Based on the diagram, how many origins of replication are represented?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
33.

Place the following steps of DNA Replication in sequential order

  1. DNA Recoils
  2. DNA Polymerase Adds Free complementary nucleotides
  3. DNA Helicase breaks Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases
a)

1, 2, 3

b)

2, 3, 1

c)

3, 2,1

34.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA Ligase
c)
Nuclease
d)
Helicase
35.
What will the first four bases of the new DNA strand look like if copying the template strand?
a)
TGGT
b)
ACCA
c)
GTTG
d)
CAAC
36.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
37.
Which of the following does DNA polymerase NOT do?
a)
connects nucleotides (in the new strand) through covalent bonds
b)
Matches the template nucleotides with free nucleotides
c)
proofreads
d)
It does all of these functions
38.

Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide?

  • select all that apply
a)

sugar

b)

hydrogen bond

c)

nitrogen base

d)

phosphate group

39.

The backbones or sides of a DNA molecule are comprised of alternating phosphate groups &

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

deoxyribose sugars

c)

hydrogen bonds

d)

atp

40.

DNA Replication results in -

a)

2 identical DNA molecules

b)

2 complementary DNA molecules

c)

1 DNA molecule

d)

2 opposite DNA molecules

41.

Who acquired photo 51?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Fraklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Verchow

42.

Which of the follow is NOT a clue about the structure of DNA that was gained from photo 51?

a)

DNA is double stranded

b)

DNA is a helix

c)

bases are at the center of the molecule

d)

DNA is made up of protein

43.

What is the function of DNA

a)

Quick energy

b)

long term energy

c)

transmit genetic information

d)

build muscle

44.

1. Suppose adenine made up 30% of the nitrogen bases in an organism. What percentage should be guanine in the DNA molecule?

a)

30%

b)

60%

c)

40%

d)

20%

45.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
46.

The process of the cell cycle by which the material in the nucleus is divided equally between two new cells is called________

a)

mitosis

b)

cancer

c)

spindle

d)

centromere

47.
Name the phase:
a)
Anaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Prophase
48.

The picture shows a cell in a phase of mitosis. What would be the next phase of mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

49.
Identify the phase of mitosis
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
50.
Identify the phase of mitosis.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
51.
Identify the phase of mitosis.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
52.

Name the phase of mitosis:

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

53.

Name the phase of mitosis:

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

54.

Name the phase of mitosis:

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

55.

Name the phase of mitosis:

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

56.

Name the stages of mitosis in the correct order:

a)

Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase

b)

Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

c)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

d)

Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase

57.

The division of the nucleus during the cell cycle is known as:

a)

Synthesis

b)

Mitosis

c)

G1

d)

G2

58.
The cell spends most of it's life in ________________.
a)
mitosis
b)
cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
None of the above
59.

What is important about the S stage of interphase?

a)

the cell grows

b)

the nucleus divides

c)

the cell membrane divides

d)

the cell's DNA is replicated

60.

If a human cell has 46 chromosomes before mitotic division, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells after mitosis.

a)

12

b)

23

c)

46

d)

92

61.

Cells of organism will go through the cell cycle for which of the following purposes?

a)

growth

b)

repair of damaged cells

c)

replacement of dying cells.

d)

All of the above

62.

Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis.

a)

G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis

b)

G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis

c)

G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis

d)

G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis

63.

Put the following actions of the cell cycle in order: DNA replicates, cell grows, cell divides, cell prepares for mitosis.

a)

DNA replicates, cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides

b)

cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, DNA replicates, cell divides

c)

cell grows, DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides

d)

DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell grows, cell divides

64.
Stage of Interphase in which the cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division
a)
G1
b)
Synthesis
c)
G2
d)
Interphase
65.

Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.

a)

Growth

b)

Recovering from injuries

c)

Replacement of dead cells

d)

Sexual Reproduction and genetic variation

66.
What is the end result of mitosis?
a)
2 identical gametes (sex cells)
b)
2 identical daughter cells
c)
2 daughter cells with different genetic information
d)
4 identical daughter cells
67.

The purpose of mitosis, as a stage of the cell cycle, is to separate the two sets of DNA created during replication and --

a)

redirect the expression of genes

b)

discard the unwanted genes

c)

place them into two separated nuclei

d)

mutate them into new sequences

68.

A chromosome may appear to have a structure that looks like an "X" but it is actually a set of sister _________ duplicated during the S phase that are held together by a ______________.

a)

nuclei, centrosome

b)

chromatids, centromere

c)

daughter cells, nucleotide

d)

centromeres, chromatid

69.

The cell pictured still has its nucleus in tact and no chromosomes have condensed or become visible. Identify this stage of the Cell Cycle.

a)

Prophase

b)

Interphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

70.
Which enzyme has the job of unzipping the double helix?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
71.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
72.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
73.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
74.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
75.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
76.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
77.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
78.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base

b)

sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base

c)

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

d)

sugar, phosphate, protein

79.
If a DNA molecule is 18% Guanine which of the following is correct
a)
18% cytosine, 32% adenine, 32% thymine
b)
32% cytosine, 18% adenine, 32% thymine
c)
18% cytosine, 64% adenine, 64% thymine
d)
32% cytosine, 32% adenine, 18% thymine
80.

What part of the cell cycle is considered interphase? Select all that apply.

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

M

81.

Which statement is NOT true about interphase?

a)

It's the longest phase of the cell cycle

b)

During interphase organelles duplicate

c)

During interphase, DNA replicates

d)

During interphase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

82.

What is this picture of?

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Chromatids

c)

Chromatin

d)

Centromeres

83.

Which phase of the cell cycle will you find chromatin? Select all that apply.

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

84.
During which stage of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
G1 phase
85.
During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
S phase
d)
G2 phase
86.
How many stages are in mitosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
87.
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 
a)
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b)
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
88.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
89.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
90.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
91.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
92.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
93.
What part of the cell cycle is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Cytokinesis
94.
In what phase does chromatin condense to form chromosomes?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
95.
In what phase do the chromosomes get pulled apart into sister chromatid to opposite sides of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Anaphase
96.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
97.
Which of these lists presents the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order?
a)
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
b)
cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase
c)
mitosis, interphase, cytokinesis
d)
interphase, cytokinesis, mitosis
98.

Why do cells go through the cell cycle?

a)

growth

b)

repair

c)

reproduction

d)

All of the above

99.

True or False: Mitosis occurs for all cells somatic and gamete (sex) cells.

a)

True

b)

False

100.

Unlike normal cells, cancer cells never leave the cell cycle to rest in G0. Because of this, cancer cells...

(select all of the correct answers)

a)

never complete the cell cycle

b)

repeat the cell cycle continuously

c)

divide more often than normal cells

d)

stop at every checkpoint

101.

Which cell type would possibly be affected by cancer treatments like chemotherapy?

a)

skin cell

b)

red blood cell

c)

liver cell

d)

intestinal lining

102.

If a somatic cell from a cat that contains 38 chromosomes completes the cell cycle, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?

(a)  

103.

What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

a)

to make sure each phase has been completed accurately

b)

to make sure the DNA condenses before the mitotic phase

c)

to make sure the cytoplasm is present

d)

to make sure the cell gets rest

104.

Which phase does the cell spend most of its time in?

a)

mitotic phase

b)

G1

c)

interphase

d)

cytokinesis

105.

What is the process that ensures that irreparable cells will not divide?

a)

​apoptosis

b)

replicating

c)

cyclin

106.
An abnormal mass of cancer cells is called a 
a)
tumor
b)
cyst
c)
lesion
d)
polyp
107.
Cancer is a consequence of the disruption of the cell cycle
a)
True
b)
False
108.
When cancer spreads to other tissues of the body, it is called...
a)
Metastasis
b)
Invasiveness
c)
Angiogenesis
d)
Chemotherapy
109.

________________is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle

a)

Metastasis

b)

Checkpoint

c)

Malignant

d)

Benign

110.

Cancerous cells have a higher mitotic index than normal cells.

a)

True

b)

False

111.
Which part of the Cell Cycle takes the longest?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Cytokinesis
112.

Somatic Cells are

a)

Body Cells

b)

Sex Cells

c)

not part of an organism

d)

only found in plants

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