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Unit 2: Evolution Summative

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 3600secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

What type of evidence is represented in the picture above:

a)

Fossils

b)

Vestigial Structures

c)

DNA

d)

Homologous Structures

2.
The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---
a)
The organisms shown lived in the same natural envionrment
b)
The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor
c)
The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases
d)
All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs
3.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
4.

_____________________are features present in modern organisms which are no longer in use.

a)

DNA

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Fossils

d)

Homologous structures

5.

A category of structures that have a similar function, but are structurally different.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Common core structures

6.

What type of structure does this image illustrate?

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

7.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
8.
Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as
a)
theory of evolution.
b)
variations.
c)
survival of the fittest.
d)
ecosystems.
9.

Introduction of new genes into a population as new organisms move in

a)

Gene Flow (migration)

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Genetic Recombination

d)

Mutation

10.

Natural selection acts on variations in populations through a specific trait. Which is true?

a)

All forms of the trait have the same impact on survival

b)

The trait is resistant to mutations

c)

The trait is passed on to the next generation

d)

The trait is the same for all organisms

11.

Type of natural selection that favors the average form of a trait over extreme forms?

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

12.

A gene pool consists of

a)

all of the dominant alleles in a population

b)

all of the recessive alleles in a population

c)

all of the alleles in a population

13.

Type of natural selection that disrupts the population average by favoring the extreme traits

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Directional Selection

14.

What does being "fit" mean?

a)

You have the largest muscle mass

b)

You are best suited to live in your environment

c)

You can run/fly the fastest in your population

d)

You are over 6 ft tall and at least 180 lbs

15.

Butterflies with large wings can fly away from predators faster. If a butterfly has small wings, it won't be able to fly fast enough and will most likely be eaten at a young age. Which is most likely going to happen to the butterfly population?

a)

Small wing butterflies will stay the same in number.

b)

Large wing butterflies will decrease.

c)

Small wing butterflies will increase.

d)

Large wing butterflies will increase.

16.

The more variation in a species, the higher the chances of surviving. True or false?

a)

true

b)

false

17.

What is speciation?

a)

Differences among a species.

b)

The ability to interbreed with another organism

c)

Formation of a new species

d)

Adapting to the environment

18.

A turtle species started on one of these islands but has now spread to almost all of the islands show in the map. Why can speciation occur on the other islands?

a)

The food sources on the original island came onto the new islands

b)

Predators traveled with the turtles to the new islands

c)

Geographic isolation caused limitation to the ability to share certain traits while breeding.

d)

Change in climate conditions allow for the turtles to breed throughout the year

19.

What is needed in order to natural selection to occur?

a)

Variety in food source

b)

Variation in a population

c)

Variation in temperature

d)

Variety of predators

20.
What type of evolution where there is a sudden, rapid change then no change for a long time?
a)
Co-Evolution
b)
Punctuated Equilibrium
c)
Divergent Evolution
d)
Convergent Evolution
21.

Evolution occurring gradually and slowly over long periods of time

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Stasis

c)

Punctuated Equilibrium

d)

Gradualism

22.
a model that describes evolution as a slow, ongoing process by which one species changes to a new species. 
a)
osmosis
b)
gradualism
c)
homologous
23.

The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Vestigial Organs

d)

Convergent Evolution

24.

The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Evolutionary Arms Race

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

25.

The yucca moth depends on the small soap weed for food, and the small soap weed is only pollinated by the yucca moth. This is an example of

a)

Evolutionary Arms Race

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

d)

Adaptive Radiation

26.

______ _________ explains how two or more organisms could evolve similar traits even though they are not related to each other.

a)

convergent evolution

b)

reproductive isolation

c)

derived characters

d)

hybrid vigor

27.

This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.

a)

Extinction

b)

Gene flow

c)

Genetic drift

d)

Natural Selection

28.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
29.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in the same enviornment
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
30.
a)
The image shows convergent evolution.
b)
The image shows divergent evolution.
c)
The image shows adaptive radiation.
d)
The image shows homologous structures.
31.
Flying fish, flying birds, and bats are examples of which of the following?
a)
convergent evolution & homologous structures
b)
convergent evolution & analogous structures
c)
divergent evolution & homologous structures
d)
divergent evolution & analogous structures
32.

Predict how this species of beetles will change over time.

a)

The number of green beetles in this population will increase.

b)

The number of brown beetles in this population will increase.

c)

The average body size will decrease for individual beetles in this population.

d)

The total number of beetles will decrease.

33.

The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is..

a)

origin of the species

b)

evolution

c)

natural selection

d)

inheritance

34.

Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism's evolutionary past are...

a)

homologous

b)

vestigial

c)

from a common ancestor

d)

divergent

35.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
36.

Evolved from the same ancestor, but have different functions

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

All of the above

37.

Variation

a)

A person who studies plants and animals by observing them.

b)

The resemblance of one species to another species.

c)

Is a slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species.

d)

The breeding of organisms for desired characteristics.

38.

Adaptation

a)

Is a slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species.

b)

Is an inherited trait that increases the organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

c)

A person who studies plants and animals by observing them.

d)

The resemblance of one species to another species.

39.

The large-scale events of speciation are called...

a)

macroevolution

b)

simplification

c)

adaptation

d)

microevolution

40.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
41.
T11. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
42.

What is an inherited characteristic that helps organisms survive?

a)

Evolution

b)

Adaptation

c)

Natural Selection

d)

Extinction

43.

A mistake or change that occurs in the DNA sequence is called a ______________________.

a)

Extinction

b)

Speciation

c)

Mutation

d)

Genetic Variation

44.

Temporal isolation occurs when two different populations:

a)

develop different mating behavior

b)

become geographically separated

c)

reproduce at different times

d)

interbreed

45.

This can cause changes in allele frequency randomly, causing some alleles to become more common with no selective advantage.

a)

mutations

b)

selection pressures

c)

genetic drift

d)

founder effect

e)

gene flow

46.

This can cause changes in allele frequency through movement between populations, increasing or decreasing allele frequency (and possibly introducing new alleles)

a)

mutations

b)

selection pressures

c)

genetic drift

d)

founder effect

e)

gene flow

47.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
48.

Evolved from different ancestors, but due to living in similar environments have a similar function.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

All of the above

49.
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
a)
reproductive isolation
b)
descent with modification
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
survival of the fittest
50.

Why is sexual selection important?

a)

Increase variation within a species

b)

Reduce loneliness of individuals

c)

Help different species mix genetic information

51.

Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are now mating only with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

a)

behavioral isolation

b)

hybrid sterility

c)

temporal isolation

d)

mechanical isolation

52.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
53.
Gentoo penguins will present a mate with a pebble that they find to attract a mate. Emperor penguins have a specific call and movement that they make to attract a mate. Which type of isolation do these penguins demonstrate?
a)
temporal isolation 
b)
behavioral isolation
c)
geographical isolation
d)
anatomical isolation
54.

In the Great Lakes region of North America, gray wolves and coyotes are similar species but do not mate because their breeding periods occur at different times of the year.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

55.
Which of the following depends on reproductive structures being compatible between partners in breeding? 
a)
Mechanical
b)
Gametic
c)
Behavioral
d)
Temporal
56.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
57.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
58.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram
a)
The organisms share a common ancestry.
b)
The organisms belong to the same genus.
c)
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
d)
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
59.
Change that occurs over time:
a)
Analogous
b)
Homologous
c)
Evolution
d)
Biogeography
60.

Darwin proposed organisms descended from

a)

apes

b)

bacteria

c)

common ancestors

d)

other organisms

61.
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Predict what will happen over several generations.
a)
There will be equal numbers of brown and white rabbits
b)
There will be more brown rabbits that white rabbits
c)
There will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits
d)
There is no way to predict what will happen to the rabbit population
62.

What is the principle that each living species has descended, with change from other species overtime?

a)

Survival of the fittest

b)

Adaptation

c)

Fossil

d)

Common Descent

63.

What is inherited characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival ?

a)

Survival of the fittest

b)

Adaptation

c)

Fossil

d)

Common Descent

64.

The more offspring an organism has the greater the odds that a few of them will survive, reproduce and pass on those traits

a)

overproduction

b)

variation

c)

selection

d)

adaptation

65.

Organisms from the same species can vary in…

1) physical appearance

2) genetic makeup

a)

overproduction

b)

variation

c)

selection

d)

adaptation

66.

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive

a)

Overproduction

b)

Variation

c)

Struggle to Survive

d)

Survival of the Fittest

e)

Inheritance of Traits

67.

A balanced polymorphism exist through disruptive selection in seed cracker finches from Cameroon in which small and large billed birds specialized in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long term climatic change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population?

a)

Sexual selection

b)

Stabilizing selection

c)

Directional selection

d)

Disruptive selection

68.

Occurs when changing environment favours one extreme phenotype

a)

stabilizing selection

b)

Directional selection

c)

Disruptive selection

d)

Outbreeding

69.

Occurs when environmental conditions fluctuate between two opposite extreme values.

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Distruptive selection

c)

Directional selection

d)

Stabilizing selection

70.

What type of selection is depicted in the picture?

a)

stabilizing

b)

directional

c)

disruptive

71.

Robins typically lay fours eggs. If more then four eggs are produced then the baby chicks are malnourished while smaller egg numbers result in no viable (able to live) baby chicks. This is an example of

a)

stabalizing

b)

disruptive

c)

directional

72.
What type of selection?
a)
Directional 
b)
Stabilizing
c)
Disruptive
73.
Which of the three graphs shows stabilizing selection?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
74.
Which of the three graphs shows disruptive selection?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
75.
If finches with large beaks and finches with small beaks increase in a population while finches with average sized beaks decreases, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?
a)
Directional selection
b)
Disruptive selection 
c)
Stabilizing selection
76.

Slow changes over a long period of time.

a)

Gradualism

b)

Extinction

c)

Coevolution

d)

Convergent evolution

77.

Bursts of change followed by periods of stability.

a)

Punctuated equilibrium

b)

Gradualism

c)

Extinction

d)

Speciation

78.

A number of different species arise from one common ancestor.

a)

Adaptive Radiation (aka, Divergent Evolution)

b)

Gradualism

c)

Coevolution

d)

Speciation

79.

When unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they live in similar environments.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Coevolution

c)

Adaptive Radiation

d)

Divergent Evolution

80.

Two organisms change in response to each other forming a specialized relationship.

a)

Coevolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Gradualism

d)

Extinction

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